Dynamic Programming Solution To Numerical Problems

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Dynamic Programming

Solution to Numerical problems

Problem No. 10.1:

The total pressure drop from point 1 to point 5 in the multi-branch duct system shown in figure below is to be
500 Pa. Table presents the costs for various duct sizes in each of the sections as a function of the pressure drop
in the section. Use dynamic programming to determine the pressure drop in each section that results in the
minimum total cost of the system.

Section Pressure drop, Pa Cost, $


100 222
1-2 150 205
200 193
100 180
2-3 150 166
200 157
100 135
3-4 150 125
200 117
100 93
Figure 10.1 : Duct system
4-5 150 86
200 81
Pressure drop and costs of sections of ducts
Solution:

( Note : the arrows in the solution table is for the student to understand the solution procedure
and not be drawn while solving in the exam)

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (iv)


Section Pressure Pressure Total Pressure Drop Cost Optimal
drop in drop in this ( column ii + ($)
previous section column iii )
section ( Pascals) ( Pascals)
( Pascals)
1-2 100 100 222 *
150 150 ( till point2) 205 *
200 200 193 *
2-3 100 100 200 222+180 = 402 *
150 250 222+166 =388
200 300 222+157= 379
150 100 250 205+180 = 385 *
150 300 205+166 = 371 *
200 ( till point3)
Note : ( 200 pascals pressure drop is not allowed because total pressure drop
become 350 pascals & next 2 sections even with minimum 100 pascals pressure
drop makes the total pr. drop to 550 pascals, which is greater than the
expected total pressure drop of 500 pascals)
200 100 300 193+180 =373
3-4 200 100 300 402+135 = 537 *
150 350 402+125= 527
200 400 402+117 = 519
250 100 350 385+135 = 520 *
150 400 385+125 = 510
300 100 400 371+135 = 506 *
4-5 300 200 500 537 +81 = 618
350 150 500 520+86 = 606
400 100 500 506 +93 = 599 *
Start here to identify the final
optimal in each section
Answer:

Page 1 of 12
Section : 1 2 3 4 5
Pressure drop : 150pa + 150pa + 100pa + 100pa = 500 pa
Cost : $205 + $166 + $135 + $93 = $599

Problem No. 10.2.


A truck climbs a hill that consists of three sections. The fuel consumption in each section is a function if the time required
for the distance in the section to be covered as shown in the table. A total of 25s is available for climb of the hill. Use
Dynamic programming to determine time allocation to each section that results in minimum total fuel consumption.

Table: 10.2: Fuel consumption in various sections of hill climb


Section Time, s Fuel Consumption, g
7 40
8 34
A-B
9 29
10 25
7 61
8 52
B-C
9 45
10 38
7 49
8 41
C-D
9 35
10 30

Solution:

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (iv)


Time consumed Time consumed Total Fuel Total Time Optimal
Section till previous in this section consumed taken
section (s) (g) (s)
(s)
A-B 7 40 7 *
8 34 8 *
9 29 9 *
10 25 10 *
B-C 7 7 40+ 61 = 101 14
8 40 +52 = 92 15 *
9 40 + 45 = 85 16 *
10 40+38= 78 17 *
8 7 34+ 61 = 95 15
8 34+52 = 86 16
9 34+ 45 = 79 17
10 34+38 = 72 18 *
9 7 29+61 = 90 16
8 29+ 52 = 81 17
9 29+45 = 74 18
10 19
( Note : 10 seconds not allowed as it exceeds 25 s (i.e. 19+7 = 26 s) with
minimum 7s in next section )
10 7 25+ 61 = 86 17
8 25+52 = 77 18
C-D 15 10 92+ 30 = 122 25
16 9 85+35 = 120 25
17 8 78+41 = 119 25 *
18 7 72 +49 = 121 25 Start here to
identify the
final optimal in
each section

Page 2 of 12
Answer:

Section : A B C D
Time taken(s) : 7 + 10 + 8 = 25 s
Fuel consumed (g) : 40 + 38 + 41 = 119 g

Problem No. 10.3


( Refer to Text book, ‘Design of Thermal systems’ by W.F. Stoecker for the problem statement , figure and the table)

Solution:

It is recommended not to calculate for the decent of plane from higher altitude to ZERO altitude till the plane reaches the
destination.

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)


Section Altitude in Altitude in this Total Fuel Consumed Optimal
previous section (kg)
section (m)
(m)
A-B 0 2000 1500 *
4000 1800 *
6000 2070 *
8000 2300 *
10000 2500 *
B-C 2000 2000 +300 =1800
4000 +600 = 2100
6000 1500 +1000 = 2500
8000 + 1950 = 3450
10000 + 2300 = 3800
4000 2000 +180 = 1980 *
4000 + 300 = 2100 *
6000 1800 + 840 = 2640
8000 +1160 = 2960
10000 + 1730 = 3530
6000 2000 + 60 = 2130
4000 +120 = 2190
6000 +200 = 2270 *
8000 2070 +600 = 2670
10000 + 1200 = 3270
8000 2000 + 0 = 2300
4000 +30 = 2330
6000 2300 + 80 = 2380
8000 + 180 = 2480 *
10000 + 600 = 2900
10000 0 (destination altitude )
2000 + 0 = 2500
4000 +0 = 2500
6000 2500 +0 = 2500
8000 +60= 2560
10000 +90 = 2590 *
C-D 2000 2000 + 600 = 2580
4000 + 1000 = 2980
6000 1980 + 1500 = 3480
8000 + 1950 = 3930
10000 + 2300 = 4200
4000 2000 +180 = 2280 *
4000 + 300 = 2400 *
6000 2100 + 840 = 2940
8000 + 1160 = 3260
10000 +1730 = 3830
6000 2000 +60 = 2330 *
4000 + 120 = 2390 *
6000 2270 +200 = 2470

Page 3 of 12
8000 +600 = 2870
10000 +1200 = 3470
8000 2000 + 0 = 2480
4000 +30 = 2510
6000 2480 + 80 = 2560
8000 + 180 = 2660
10000 + 600 = 3080
10000 2000 2590 + 0 = 2590
4000 2590 + 0 = 2590
6000 2590 + 0 = 2590
8000 2590 + 60 = 2650 *
10000 2590 +90 = 2680 *
D-E 2000 2000 +600 = 2880
4000 + 1000= 3280
6000 2880 + 1500 = 3780
8000 + 1950 = 4230
10000 + 2300 = 4580
4000 2000 +180 = 2570
4000 +300 = 2690
6000 2390 + 840 = 3230
8000 +1160 = 3550
10000 + 1730 = 4120
6000 2000 + 60 = 2530 *
4000 + 120 = 2590 *
6000 2470 +200 = 2670 *
8000 + 600 = 3070
10000 + 1200 = 3670
8000 2000 + 0 = 2650
4000 + 30 = 2680
6000 2650 +80 = 2730
8000 + 180 = 2830
10000 + 600 = 3250
10000 2000 + 0 = 2680
4000 +0 = 2680
6000 2680 + 0 = 2680
8000 +60 = 2740 *
10000 +90 = 2770 *
E-F 2000 2000 + 600 = 3130
4000 + 1000 = 3530
6000 2530 + 1500 = 3030
8000 + 1950 = 4480
10000 + 2300 = 4830
4000 2000 +180 = 2770
4000 + 300 = 2890
6000 2590 + 840 = 3430
8000 +1160 = 3750
10000 + 1730 = 4320
6000 2000 + 60 = 2730 *
4000 + 120 = 2790
6000 2670 + 200 = 2870
8000 + 600 =3270
10000 +1200 = 3870
8000 2000 + 0 = 2740
4000 2740 + 30 = 2770 *
6000 +80= 2820
8000 + 180 = 2920
10000 + 600= 3340
10000 2000 + 0 = 2770
4000 + 0 = 2770
6000 2770 + 0 = 2770 *
8000 + 60 = 2830 *
10000 + 90 = 2860 *
F- G 2000 0 2730+ 300 = 3030
4000 0 2770 + 120 = 2890
6000 0 2770+ 0 = 2770 *
8000 0 2830 + 0 = 2830

Page 4 of 12
10000 0 2860 + 0 = 2860

Answer:

Section : A B C D E F G
Altitude (m) : 0 10000 10000 10000 10000 6000 0
Fuel consumed (kg) : 2500 + 90 + 90 + 90 + 0+ 0 = 2770 kg

Problem No. 10.5


(Refer to Text book, ‘Design of Thermal systems’ by W.F. Stoecker for the problem statement , and the table)

Solution :

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii)


Year Income level Income level Maintenance Profit during Net Profit Optimal
( during the in the during the Expenditure the current
period) previous year current period
( x1000’s) period ( x1000’s) { iii- iv } ( x1000’s)
( x1000’s) ( x1000’s)
0-1 36 30 0 30 30 *
32 1 31 31 *
34 2 32 32 *
36 5 31 31 *
38 8 30 30 *
40 10 30 30 *
1-2 30 30 2 28 30+ 28 = 58
32 4 28 30+28 = 58
34 7 27 30+27 = 58
36 11 25 30+25 = 55
38 16 22 30+22= 52
40 23 17 30+17 = 47
32 30 2 28 31+28 = 59
32 3 29 31 +29 = 60
34 5 29 31+29 = 60
36 9 27 31+27 = 58
38 13 25 31+25 = 56
40 18 22 31+ 22 = 53
34 30 1 29 32+29 = 61 *
32 2 30 32+ 30 = 62
34 4 30 32+30 = 62
36 7 29 32+ 29 = 61
38 10 28 32+28 = 60
40 14 26 32+26 = 58
36 30 0 30 31+ 30 = 61 *
32 1 31 31+ 31 = 62
34 2 32 31+ 32 = 63
36 5 31 31+ 31 = 62
38 8 30 31 + 30 = 61
40 10 30 31+ 30 = 61
38 32 0 32 30+ 32 = 62 *
34 1 33 30 + 33 = 63
36 2 34 30+ 34 = 64
38 6 32 30+ 32= 62
40 9 31 30+31 = 61
40 34 0 34 30+34 = 64 *
36 1 35 30+35 = 65 *
38 4 34 30+34 = 64 *
40 8 32 30+32 = 62 *
2-3 30 30 2 28 61+28 = 89
32 4 28 61+28= 89
34 7 27 61+ 27 = 88

Page 5 of 12
36 11 25 61+ 25 =86
38 16 22 61+ 22 =83
40 23 17 61+17 =78
32 30 2 28 62+ 28 = 90
32 3 29 62+29 = 91
34 5 29 62+29 = 91
36 9 27 62+27 = 89
38 13 25 62+25 =87
40 18 22 62+ 22 = 84
34 30 1 29 64+29 =93
32 2 30 64+30= 94
34 4 30 64+30= 94
36 7 29 64+29=93
38 10 28 64+28= 92
40 14 26 64+26 = 90
36 30 0 30 65+30 = 95 *
32 1 31 65+31 = 96 *
34 2 32 65+32 = 97 *
36 5 31 65+31 = 96
38 8 30 65+30 = 95
40 10 30 65+ 30 = 95 *
38 32 0 32 64+32 =96 *
34 1 33 64+33 =97 *
36 2 34 64+34 = 98 *
38 6 32 64+32 = 96 *
40 9 31 64+31 = 95 *
40 34 0 34 62+ 34 = 96
36 1 35 62+ 35 = 97
38 4 34 62+ 34 = 96 *
40 8 32 62+ 32= 94
3-4 30 34 7 27 95+27 = 122
32 34 5 29 96+29 = 125
34 34 4 30 97+30 = 127
36 34 2 32 98 + 32 = 130 *
38 34 1 33 96 + 33 =129
40 34 0 34 95+ 34 = 129

Answer:

Year: 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 Total Profit


Income Level $40000 $ 38000 $ 36000 $ 34000
Maintenance $10000 $ 4000 $ 2000 $ 2000
Expenditure
Net Profit $ 30000 + $ 34000 + $ 34000+ $ 32000 = $ 130000

Problem 10.6

Four heat exchangers ( or fewer ) in series, as shown in figure below are each served by steam at a different temperature and
heat water from 50 to 300 °C. The sums of the first costs of the heat exchangers and present worths of the lifetime steam
costs are shown in table. Use dynamic programming to determine the outlet temperature from each heat exchanger that
results in the minimum total present worth of costs.

Table 10.6 :Present worths of heat exchanger and lifetime costs of steam thousands of dollars

Page 6 of 12
Heat Inlet Outlet Temperature °C
Exchanger temp 50 100 150 200 250 300
°C
1 50 0 $20.8 $ 58.0
2 50 0 23.1 62.6 $132.3
100 0 36.1 93.6
150 0 62.8
3 50 0 24.8 79.9 129.9 $177.0 $308.3
100 0 41.1 94.3 141.7 266.7
150 0 51.2 103.0 223.6
200 0 57.6 176.4
4 50 372.4
100 309.3
150 243.7
200 173.7
250 94.4
300 0

Solution:

Heat Exchanger Inlet Temperature Outlet temperature Total cost Optimum


°C °C
1 50 50 0 *
100 20.8 *
150 58.0 *
2 50 50 0 *
100 23.1
150 62.6
200 132.3
100 100 20.8+0 = 20.8 *
150 20.8+ 36.1 =56.9 *
200 20.8 + 93.6 = 114.4 *
150 150 58.0 +0 = 58.0
200 58.0 + 62.8 = 120.8
3 50 50 0+ 0 = 0 *
100 0 + 24.8 = 24.8
150 0 + 79.9 = 79.9
200 0+129.9 = 129.9
250 0+177.0 = 177.0
300 0+308.3 = 308.3
100 100 20.8 + 0 = 20.8 *
150 20.8 + 41.1 =61.9
200 20.8 +94.3 = 115.1
250 20.8 + 141.7 = 162.5
300 20.8 + 266.7 = 286.7
150 150 56.9 +0 = 56.9 *
200 56.9 + 51.2 = 108.1 *
250 56.9 + 103.0 = 159.9 *
300 56.9 + 223.6 = 280.5 *
200 200 114.4 +0 = 114.4
250 114.4= 57.6 = 172. 9
300 114.4 +176.4 = 290.8
4 50 300 0+ 372.4 = 372.4
100 300 20.8+ 309.3 = 330.1
150 300 56.9 +243.7 = 300.6
200 300 108.1 + 173.7 =
250 300 281.8 *
300 300 159.9 + 94.4 = 254.3
286.7 + 0 = 285.7

Answer:
The minimum total present worth of costs = $ 254300

Problem No 10.7

Page 7 of 12
A cooling pond serving a power plant is equipped with circulating pumps and sprays to enhance the rate of heat rejection
from the pond. Furthermore, the pumps are to be operated so that the heat rejection is accomplished with minimal pumping
energy. On one particular day the pond temperature is 28.5 °C at 1800 hours and the pond temperature is to be reduced to
21.5 °C by 0600 the next morning. The rate of decrease of temperature of the pond water is a function of the temperature
difference between the pond water and the ambient wet-bulb temperature as well as the intensiveness of pumping. The
pumping energies during a 3-h period are shown in table below.
The ambient wet-bulb temperatures at the beginning of each 3-h period are 1800, 25.0 °C ; 2100, 23.0 °C ; 2400, 21.5 °C;
and 0300, 20.0°C. Use dynamic Programming to determine the pond- water temperature at each 3-h interval that results in
maximum pumping energy.

Temperature Drop in tw in 3-h period, °C


difference at start of 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
3-h period, tw- twb
1.5 0 2 16 54 X X
2.0 1 12 45 X X
2.5 0 8 36 96 X
3.0 4 27 80 166
3.5 0 18 64 139
4.0 9 48 111
4.5 0 32 83
5.0 16 55
5.5 0 27
6.0 0

Solution:
Initially tw = 28.5°C ; twb =25°C ; therefore tw – twb = 3.5°C

At the start tw – twb Drop in Pumping New tw Optimum


Time In previous tw energy tw – twb (°C)
time interval (°C) (°C)
(°C)
2100 hrs 3.5 1.0 0 4.5 28.5 – 1.0 = 27.5 *
tw = 28.5°C ; 1.5 18 4.0 28.5 – 1.5 =27.0 *
twb =25°C 2.0 64 3.5 28.5 – 2.0 = 26.5 *
2.5 139 3.0 28.5 – 2.5 = 26.0 *
2400 hrs 3.00 1.0 4+139 = 143 3.5 26.0 – 1.0 = 25.0
twb =21.5°C 1.5 27+139 = 166 3.0 26.0 – 1.5 = 24.5
2.0 80+139 =219 2.5 26.0 – 2.0 = 24.0
2.5 166+139 = 305 2.0 26.0 – 2.5 = 24.0
3.5 1.0 64+0 = 64 4 26.5 – 1.0 = 25.5
1.5 64+18 = 82 3.5 26.5 – 1.5 = 25.0
2.0 64+ 64 = 128 3 26.5 – 2.0 = 24.5 *
2.5 64+139 = 203 2.5 26.5 – 2.5 = 24.0 *
4.0 1.5 18+9 =27 4 27.0 – 1.5 = 25.5 *
2.0 18+48= 66 3.5 27.0 – 2.0 = 25.0 *
2.5 18+111= 129 3 27.0 – 2.5 = 24.5
4.5 2.0 0+32 = 32 4 27.5 – 2.0 = 25.5
2.5 0+83 = 83 3.5 27.5 – 2.5 = 25.0
0300 hrs 4 1.5 27+9 = 36 4 25.5 – 1.5 = 24.0 *
2.0 27+48 = 75 3.5 25.5 – 2.0 = 23.5 *
twb =20°C 2.5 27+111 = 138 3.0 25.5 – 2.5= 23.0
3.5 1.0 66+0 = 66 4 25 – 1.0 = 24.0
1.5 66+18 = 84 3.5 25 – 1.5 = 23.5
2.0 66+64 = 130 3.0 25 – 2.0 = 23.0 *
2.5 66+139 = 205 2.5 25 – 2.5 = 22.5 *
3.0 1.0 128+4 =132 3.5 24.5 – 1.0 = 23.5
1.5 128+ 27 =155 3.0 24.5 -1.5 = 23.0
2.0 128 + 80 = 208 2.5 24.5 – 2.0 = 22.5
2.5 128 +166 =294 2.0 24.5- 2.5 =22.0 *
2.5 0.5 203+ 0 = 203 3.5 24- 0.5 = 23.5
1.0 203+8 = 211 3.0 24 – 1.0 = 23.0
1.5 203+ 36 = 239 2.5 24.0 – 1.5 = 22.5

Page 8 of 12
2.0 203 + 96 = 299 2.0 24.0 – 2.0 = 22.0
0600 hrs 2.0 0.5 1+ 294 = 295 22 – 0.5 = 21.5
2.5 1.0 8 + 205 = 213 22.5 – 1.0 = 21.5
3.0 1.5 27 + 130 = 157 23.0 – 1.5 = 21.5
3.5 2.0 64+ 75 = 139 23.5 – 2.0 = 21.5 *
4.0 2.5 111+ 36 = 147 24.0 – 2.5 = 21.5

Answer

The minimum pumping energy required is 139 units

Time: 1800 hrs 2100 hrs 2400hrs 0300 hrs 0600hrs

tw (°C): 28.5 27 25.5 23.5 21.5


Drop in temp(°C): 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0

Pumping energy: 18+ 9+ 48+ 64+ = 139 units

Problem 10.8
A rocket starting from rest carries an initial fuel charge of 10000kg, which is to be burned in 120s at such a rate that the
maximum velocity of the rocket is to be achieved at the end of the burning time. The 120s burning time is divided into four
30s intervals. Table below presents the increase in velocity in each 30s interval as a function of the mass of fuel in the
rocket at the start of the interval and the mass of fuel burned during the interval. All 10,000 kg is to be expended in 120s, and
at least 1000 kg is to be burned in each time interval.
Use dynamic programming to determine the fuel- burning plan that results in the highest velocity of the rocket in 120s.

Table10.8
Increase in velocity in 30-s interval, m/s

Initial mass Fuel burned in 30 s , Kg


of fuel , Kg 1000 200 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
0
1000 226
2000 200 424
3000 180 377 599
4000 165 341 536 756
5000 152 312 486 679 895
6000 143 288 445 617 808 1025
7000 136 269 412 567 737 926 1140
8000 131 253 385 525 679 847 1034
9000 127 241 362 491 630 781 947
10000 124 231 343 462 589 726 875

Solution
Time period Initial mass of Fuel burnt in Fuel remaining Velocity gained Optimum
(s) fuel ( kg) this Interval of at the end of (m/s)
time (kg) interval
0 – 30 s 10000 1000 9000 124 *
2000 8000 231 *
3000 7000 343 *
4000 6000 462 *
5000 5000 589 *
6000 4000 726 *
7000 3000 875 *
30- 60 s 9000 1000 8000 124+127 = 251 *
2000 7000 124+ 241 = 365 *
3000 6000 124+ 362= 486 *
4000 5000 124 + 491= 615
5000 4000 124+ 630 = 754
6000 3000 124+ 781 = 905
7000 2000 124+ 947 = 1071
8000 1000 7000 231 + 131 = 362

Page 9 of 12
2000 6000 231 + 253 = 484
3000 5000 231+ 385 = 616 *
4000 4000 231 + 525 = 756 *
5000 3000 231+ 679 = 910 *
6000 2000 231+ 847 = 1078
7000 1000 6000 343 + 136 = 479
2000 5000 343 + 269 = 612
3000 4000 343+ 412 = 755
4000 3000 343+ 567 = 910 *
5000 2000 343 + 737 = 1080 *
6000 1000 5000 462+143 = 605
2000 4000 462 + 288 = 750
3000 3000 462 + 445= 907
4000 2000 462 + 617 = 1079
5000 1000 4000 589+ 152= 741
2000 3000 589 +312 = 901
3000 2000 589 + 486= 1075
4000 1000 3000 726 + 165 = 891
2000 2000 726 + 341 = 1067
3000 1000 2000 875+180 = 1055
60 -90 s 8000 1000 7000 251+ 131 = 382 *
2000 6000 251+ 253 = 504 *
3000 5000 251+ 385 = 636 *
4000 4000 251+ 525 = 776
5000 3000 251+ 679 = 930
6000 2000 251+ 847 = 1098
7000 1000 251+1034 = 1285
7000 1000 6000 365 + 136 = 501
2000 5000 365 + 269 = 634
3000 4000 365 + 412 = 777 *
4000 3000 365 + 567 = 932 *
5000 2000 365 + 737 = 1102
6000 1000 365 + 926 = 1291
6000 1000 5000 486 + 143 = 629
2000 4000 486 + 288 = 774
3000 3000 486 + 445 = 931
4000 2000 486 + 617 = 1103 *
5000 1000 486 +808 = 1294
5000 1000 4000 616 + 152 = 768
2000 3000 616 + 312 = 928
3000 2000 616 + 486 = 1102
4000 1000 616 + 679 = 1295 *
4000 1000 3000 756 + 165 = 921
2000 2000 756 + 341 =1097
3000 1000 756 +536 = 1292
3000 1000 2000 910 + 180 = 1090
2000 1000 910 + 377 = 1287
2000 1000 1000 1080 + 200 =
1280
90- 120 s 7000 7000 0 382+ 1140 = 1522
6000 6000 0 504+ 1024 = 1528
5000 5000 0 636 + 895 = 1531
4000 4000 0 777+ 756 = 1533 *
3000 3000 0 932 + 599 = 1531
2000 2000 0 1103 + 424 =
1000 1000 0 1527
1295 +226 = 1521

Therefore the maximum velocity obtainable is 1533 m/s

Time Interval: 0 30s 60s 90s 120 s

Velocity Gain at the 124 m/s 241m/s 412m/s 756m/s 1533 m/s
start of interval

Fuel Burnt (kg) : 1000 + 2000 + 3000 + 4000 + 10000kg

Page 10 of 12
Problem No. 10.9
( refer to text book for the problem statement )

Solution :

Stage No. Mass of Mass of Fraction of Fraction of Total mass of Optimum


catalyst catalyst N2H4 entering N2H4 leaving catalyst
consumed consumed in this stage this stage consumed at
upto this stage this stage (yi ) (y0) the end of
(kg) (kg) stage
I - 0 1 1 0 *
1 1 0.6839 1 *
2 1 0.5676 2 *
3 1 0.5248 3 *
4 1 0.5091 4 *
5 1 0.5033 5 *
II 0 4 1 0.5091 4
5 1 0.5033 5
1 3 0.6839 0.3858 4
4 0.6839 0.3641 5
5 0.6839 0.3531 6
2 2 0.5676 0.375 4 *
3 0.5676 0.335 5 *
4 0.5676 0.3131 6 *
5 0.5676 0.300 7
3 1 0.5248 0.41765 4
2 0.5248 0.3542 5
3 0.5248 0.3167 6
4 0.5248 0.2945 7 *
5 0.5248 0.28142 8 *
4 0 0.5091 0.5091 4
1 0.5091 0.4075 5
2 0.5091 0.3465 6
3 0.5091 0.3098 7
4 0.5091 0.2877 8
5 0.5091 0.2745 9 *
5 0 0.5033 0.5033 5
1 0.5033 0.4037 6
2 0.5033 0.3436 7
3 0.5033 0.3072 8
4 0.5033 0.2852 9
5 0.5033 0.27196 10 *
III 4 5 0.375 0.21625 9
5 5 0.335 0.1988 10 *
4 0.335 0.21135 9 *
6 5 0.3131 0.18926 11 *
4 0.3131 0.20129 10
3 0.3131 0.2177 09
7 5 0.2945 0.1810 12 *
4 0.2945 0.1925 11
3 0.2945 0.2773 10
2 0.2945 0.2289 09
8 5 0.2814 0.1751 13 *
4 0.2814 0.1863 12
3 0.2814 0.20119 11
2 0.2814 0.2208 10
1 0.2814 0.2469 09
9 5 0.2745 0.1720 14 *
4 0.2745 0.1830 13
3 0.2745 0.19748 12
2 0.2745 0.21651 11
1 0.2745 0.2415 10
0 0.2745 0.2745 09
IV 9 5 0.21135 0.14240 14 *
10 4 0.1988 0.144278 14

Page 11 of 12
11 3 0.18926 0.148264 14
12 2 0.1810 0.1535 14
13 1 0.1751 0.1610 14
14 0 0.1720 0.1720 14

Answer:
Stage : 1 2 3 4 Total
M ( kg) 2 3 4 5 14 kg
yi 1 0.5676 0.335 0.21135
y0 0.5676 0.335 0.21135 0.14240

Problem No 10.10
{ refer to text book for the problem statement}

Solution:
Stage Activated Mass of Initial Outlet Total Optimum
carbon used activated contamination contamination Quantity of
( m) carbon usd at inlet ( xi ) at exit ( x0) activated
upto this ppm carbon
stage consumed
( kg)
I 10 2000 1686.67 10 *
20 2000 1413.33 20 *
30 2000 1180.00 30 *
40 2000 986.67 40 *
50 2000 833.33 50 *
II 30 10 1686.67 971.35 10+30 = 40 *
20 1413.33 796.55 20+30 = 50
30 1180 652.658 30+30 = 60
40 986.67 537.143 40 +30 = 70
50 833.33 447.91 50 +30 = 80
40 10 1686.67 789.81 50 *
20 1413.33 630.91 60 *
30 1180 504.72 70
40 986.67 406.77 80
50 833.33 333.33 90
50 10 1686.67 636.718 60
20 141333 485.24 70 *
30 1180 370.716 80 *
40 986.67 286.13 90 *
50 833.33 225.69 100 *
III 50 40 971.35 173.685 90 *
50 50 789.81 209.6099 100 *
40 50 789.81 313.1739 90
50 60 630.91 154.907 110 *
40 60 630.91 242.147 100
30 60 630.91 333.367 90
50 70 485.24 110.30 120 *
40 70 485.24 180.58 110
30 70 485.24 253.21 100
20 70 485.24 328.20 90
50 80 370.716 78.964 130 *
40 80 370.716 134.566 120
30 80 370.716 191.542 110
20 80 370.716 249.89 100
10 80 370.716 309.617 90
IV 50 90 173.685 32.718 140 *
40 100 209.6099 73.384 140
30 110 154.907 78.533 140
20 120 110.30 73.776 140
10 130 78.964 65.834 140
Answer:

Stage : 1 2 3 4 Total
Mass of activated 10 30 50 50 140 kg
carbon used ( kg)

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