Introduction:

Solar energy is the one of the clean energy getting from the
sun. The energy produced from the sun in an hour is much
more than human require for an entire year. But we can only
use fraction of it because of cloudy condition, land areas and
etc. Nevertheless, by using solar energy we can solve many
problems such as cutting down on carbon emissions and
dependence on fuels.
Solar energy can collect form the simple application of solar
cells. They are the only way we can convert sunlight into
electricity directly and day by day they are getting better,
smaller and cheaper.
This project aims to use solar energy more effectively. So we
need to do solar tracker because sun does not go only one way
from east to west .It depends on changes according to time,
weather and season. There are many types of solar tracker.
Among them, dual axis and single axis solar tracker are most
common use.
Theory:

Tinker cad circuit simulation

Process

1. 1W solar panel tracking the sun charging the battery

maxmium light with
2.caculate the two servo according using lithium ions
sensors values to sensor values battery charger

use modules to give

output for arduino
and other devices
Components involve:
1. Solar panel
2. 4LDRs
3. 9g servos
4. 3d printing parts
5. Arduino IDE
6. Lithium ions battery charger
7. Three 3.7v batteries in series connection
8. Module

1. Solar panel:
Solar panels are simply solar cells lined up together in
series and parallel so as get sufficient voltage and are p-n
junction semiconductor devices with pure silicon wafer
doped with ‘n’ type phosphorous on the top and ‘p’ type
boron on the base. If the PV cell is placed in the sun,
photons of light strike the electrons in the p-n junction and
energize them, knocking them free of their atoms. These
electrons are attracted to the positive charge in the n-type
silicon and repelled by the negative charge in the p-type
silicon. Connecting wires across the junction will have a
current in them.

2. LDR
 LDR - light dependent diode
3. Servos

 Servo motor is driven with PWM signal

 Servo motor can rotate 180 degree in 2ms
 Decrease rpm with 4 inside gears around 3000rpm to
nearly 50rpm but this increase their torque

4.3d printer parts

Reference from https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:708819
5. Arduino IDE

solar.ino

6. barttery charger

.  The Micro-USB Li-Ion Battery Charger is linear charger for single cell
lithium-ion/Lithium Polymer (LiIon/LiPo) batteries. The Charger base on
TP4056.
Reference
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell
 https://www.seminarsonly.com/Engineering-
Projects/Electronics/solar-charger-circuit.php

 https://www.tinkercad.com/things/3qASJQJ0ePz-ingenious-
allis/editel

 https://www.instructables.com/id/DIY-Miniature-Solar-Tracker/