COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

COURSE OUTLINE
2ND SEMESTER, SY 2021-2022

Course Code FOR 222

Course Title Personal Identification Techniques
Course Credit 3
Course Description The course is designed to describe the different personal identification
techniques applied in crime detection and investigation. Specifically, it
focuses on fingerprint recording, developing of latent prints and identification
and classification of fingerprints for purposes of court presentation.
Course Learning 1. Conduct criminological research on importance and application of
Outcomes the different personal identification techniques in investigation and
detection of crimes and criminal justice;
2. Demonstrate procedures in fingerprint identification techniques in
crime detection and investigation;
3. Apply the principles of jurisprudence procedure in presenting
fingerprint evidence in court proceeding;
4. Collaborate the fingerprint identification techniques effectively and
independently in multi-disciplinary and multi-cultural teams;
5. Engage in lifelong learning and understanding on the development of
personal identification techniques as a field in criminology; and
6. Apply professional, social, and ethical standards in the practice of
personal identification techniques.
Faculty ALBERTO F SAYGO JR, Police Major
RCrim, MSCJ-Crim
PRC License # 0047797
Email: inspjunogyas@gmail.com

Class Schedule

Block No Day From To Room

202-CRIM-21 MTh 1:30PM 3:00PM CLFD

Module 1 Introduction to Identification and Fingerprints

1. Concept of Identification
1.1. Identification, Defined
1.2. Importance of Identification of Person
1.3. Rules in Personal Identification
1.4. Bases of Human Identification
 1.5. Methods of Identification

2. Concept of Fingerprints
2.1. General Classification of Fingerprints
2.2. Characteristics, Nature and Physiology of Fingerprints
2.3. Historical Development of Fingerprints
2.4. Dogmatic Principles of Fingerprints
2.5. Personalities in The Study of Fingerprints
2.6. Official Use of Fingerprint In U.S
2.7. Fingerprint Events in Philippines
2.8. Legal Basis of Fingerprint Evidence
2.9. Dactyloscopy And Its Allied Sciences

3. Fingerprint Formation
3.1. Ridge Characteristics
3.2. Type Lines and Pattern Area
3.3. Focal Points
3.4. Fingerprint Patterns

Module 2 Processing and Examination of Fingerprints

4. Equipment Used in Fingerprinting

4.1. Equipment for Recording of Fingerprint Impressions
4.2. Equipment for Development of Latent Prints
4.3. Equipment for Classification and Identification of Fingerprints

5. Fingerprint Impressions
5.1. Rolled Impressions
5.2. Plain Impressions
5.3. Steps in Taking Fingerprints
5.4. Reasons for Poor Impressions
5.5. Problems in Recording Inked Fingerprint
5.6. Post-Mortem Fingerprinting

6. Ridge Counting and Ridge Tracing

6.1. Ridge Counting
6.1.1.Rules in Ridge Counting
6.1.2.Ridges Subject to Ridge Counting
6.2. Ridge Tracing
6.2.1.Rules in Ridge Tracing
6.2.2.Types of Whorl Tracing

7. Fingerprint Classification
7.1. Preliminary to Classification
7.2. Symbols of Fingerprint Patterns
7.3. Fingerprint Classification Formula
7.3.1.Primary
7.3.2.Secondary
7.3.3.Sub-Secondary
7.3.4.Major
7.3.5.Final
7.3.6.Key
7.4. Points/Rules to Remember

8. Latent Prints
8.1. Types
8.2. Searching
 8.3. Factors Affecting Latent Print Impression
8.4. Stages in The Formation of Latent Prints
8.5. Searching/Locating Latent Fingerprints at The Crime Scene
8.6. Steps in The Examination of Latent Prints
8.7. Factors in The Selection of Methods of Latent Prints Developing/Treatment
8.8. Methods of Developing Latent Prints

9. Fingerprint Identification
9.1. Ideal Guideline for Fingerprint That May Be Use as A Basis to Establish Identity (Guidelines by
Dr. Edmond Locard)
9.2. Important Elements in Comparing Two Fingerprints
9.3. Methods Used for Fingerprint Identification
9.4. Nature of Ridge Characteristics for Absolute Identification
9.5. Identical Points Necessary to Be Admitted as Fingerprint Evidence in Court
9.6. Basis of Fingerprint Comparison
9.7. Comparing Fingerprints (Analysis, Comparison, Evaluation and Verification or A.C.E. – V
Methodology)
9.8. Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS)

10. Fingerprint Evidence

10.1. Preparation of Fingerprint Charts for Court Presentation
10.2. The Fingerprint Expert

Module 3 Other Scientific Methods of Identification

11. Dental Identification

12. Identification of Skeleton

13. Identification of Blood and Body Fluids

14. Identification of Hair and Fibers

15. DNA Fingerprinting

Online Teaching/Learning Tools:

 Learning Management System (LMS): Moodle.
Note:
 Access must be via WEB BROWSERS ONLY at http://moodle.udm.edu.ph/ or
http://3.21.174.142/
 As per UDMoodle Administrator, Moodle Mobile is not recommended to be use due to
compatibility issues.
 Google Apps: YouTube, Gmail, Meet, Drive, Docs, Sheets, Slides, Forms, and Classroom
 Flipgrid
 Facebook Messenger

References:

Alviola, Armando A. (2017). Dactyloscopy: Fingerprint as Reliable Means of Personal Identification.

Quezon City: Wiseman’s Books Trading.

Badua, Jonah Barayuga. (2016). Dactyloscopy: Manual and Workbook: Outcomes-Based Education
Manual 2nd Ed. Quezon City: Wiseman’s Books Trading.
Bleay, Stephen M. (2018). Fingerprint Development Techniques: Theory and Application. Hoboken: I
John Wiley.

Champod, Christophe. (Et Al) (2016). Fingerprints and Other Ridge Skin Impressions 2nd Ed. Boca
Raton: CRC Press.

Depayso, Veneranda Poschor. (2018). The Basics of Fingerprint, Palmprint And Footprint. Quezon City:
Wiseman’s Books Trading.

Field, A. (Nd). Fingerprints.

Kasper, Stephen P. (2016). Latent Print Processing Guide.

Manlusoc, A & Leviste, P.B. (Nd). The Science of Fingerprint Identification.

Revisa, William A. (2017). Laboratory Manual on Personal Identification: Dactyloscopy. Quezon City:
Wiseman’s Books Trading.

Rocamora, Jury G. (2017). Foundation of Friction Ridge Print Examination. Quezon City: Wiseman’s
Books Trading.

Tubid, B. (Nd). Dactyloscopy: Science of Fingerprint Classification and Identification.

Class Requirements and Grading System:

Midterm Final term Course

Requirements % Grade (50%) Grade (50%) Grade
***Sample Computation***

Reporting 15 80 90
Class Participation 15 80 90
Quiz/Practical/Project 30 80 90
Major Examinations 40 80 90  
Total 100 80 90 85

Class Policy and Netiquettes:

Following are class policies that must be observed by everyone:

1. Any student who incurs more than nine (9) hours of absences shall be dropped from the subject.
2. Students who miss classes are held responsible for missed lessons and are not excused from taking
quizzes and passing assignment or other requirements.
3. No special quizzes are given to students who missed them except for justifiable cases like sickness or
death in the family.
4. No late requirements will be accepted.
5. Those who cannot get their major exams on time will be given a week within which to take it.
Otherwise, they will automatically get a failing mark for that exam.

These netiquettes must be observed by everyone. The rules must follow principle of fairness and
reciprocity to establish a conducive online learning environment.

1. On Communication:
 1.1. Reading - Read first and review carefully. Do not skim. Many contents found in this course
require self-paced reading.
1.2. Chatting - Think before you type. ALL CAPS is an equivalent of yelling. Do not be sarcastic.
Do not flood the chat box. Keep your messages short and straight to the point. Set a respectful
tone when you chat, especially if it is your first day and you don't know who among the
members of the chat group is your professor. Read before you click send to avoid
misinterpretation and wrong grammar.
1.3. Videoconferencing - Set your microphone to mute upon joining. Also, mute your microphone
unless you are asked to unmute them. A soft sound you hear may be very loud to the listeners.
This is a form of respect. Do not yell. It is highly recommended to use an earphone to reduce the
noise. However, do not speak too close to the mic. Your professor may also require you to turn
on your video to verify your identity. Make sure that during videoconference meetings, you are
wearing proper attire - Wash Day attire as prescribed by the Student Handbook.
1.4. Be Specific - if you say something like "I cannot access the assessment", does not automatically
mean that there is only one answer and one source of problem. Be specific with your concern
and tell the entire process of what you did. If possible, show a video recording of the entire
process and the error and send them to your professor.

2. On Virtual Class:
2.1. Management Calendar - use an online or printed calendar to keep track of your deliverables.
Online meetings and deadlines are top of the list to make sure you do not miss them. Our LMS
has a built-in calendar that you can use. Set alarm to prompt you.
2.2. Diligence - when an assessment or online activity is posted, do not wait for the deadline before
you start working. If you are not used to doing online classes, the pile-up of workload can be a
burden. Check your e-class daily and allot time to work on your daily academic work. Establish
a routine.
2.3. Independence - You are a college student. As such, there is a certain level of independence
expected from you. Try to find answers to something you do not know by yourself. Use the
internet. Only if you have exhausted all possible means, then contact your professor through the
approved contact platforms.

3. On Dealing with Others:

3.1. Time - respect the time of your professor and your classmates. It does not mean that if you sleep
late that everybody else is the same. Keep your communication time based on the agreed
schedule. If you are not responded to immediately, be patient and understanding.
3.2. Professionalism - set a professional attitude in all forms of communication. This should also be
reflected in how you manage your studies and your submitted work. If you have question, say
something in a kind but professional manner.
3.3. Empathy - This works both ways. First, do not assume that everyone understands and should
understand your situation. Many are oblivious and do not expect that you should be favored
among your other classmates. Likewise, be kind to others as they may be going through personal
problems. Do not attack other students, whether by text or call, whether in public or private
online platforms. Do not ridicule others (i.e., wrong grammar, what they wear, etc.). If you
believe someone attacked you personally, do not fight back. Take a screenshot or record the
conversation and report it to your professor immediately.

4. On Data Privacy:
4.1. Identification - Make your identification clear in all your communication platform. Do not use
screen names. Do not use photos that do not show your most recent face profile.
4.2. Respect Privacy - do not ask for personal phone number or personal details (i.e., address,
birthday, middle name, etc.). Likewise, do not give out personal information about yourself.
4.3. Password - do not give your password on your LMS and other institutional accounts. Keep the
password to yourself and make sure you memorize them or keep a copy in a secure place. Giving
password to others to access your account is tantamount to academic dishonesty and will be
reported immediately to Office of the Student Affairs (OSA). Always remember that there will
always be a digital trace in everything you do.