Unit 2: Fabric Characteristic

1.1. Vocabulary (Từ vựng)

1.2. Reading Comprehension (Bài dịch)
Fabric construction
Weaving is a major process of making fabric or cloth. In it, two distinct sets
of yarns called the warp and the filling or weft are interlaced with each other to
form a fabric. Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibers(sợi là 1 dài liên
tục của các xơ đan vào nhau ). The lengthwise yarns which run from the back to the
front of the loom are called the warp(sợi chạy từ sau ra phía td của khung dệt dc gọi
sd). The crosswise yarns are the filling or weft. A loom is a device for holding the
warp threads in place while the filling threads are woven through them. Yarns
made from natural fibers like cotton, silk, and wool and synthetic fibers such as
nylon and Orlon are commonly used for weaving textile. But other fibers can also
be used for weaving. Yarn intended for the warp goes through operations such as
spooling, warping and slashing to prepare them to withstand the strain of the
weaving process.
After weaving, the most prevalent method of fabric construction is knitting.
Its popularity has grown tremendously over the recent years. Today, knitting is a
very big industry which has two main divisions. One division manufactures knitted
goods for apparel production, sewing centers, consumers and others. The other
division manufactures finished apparel such as hosiery, sweaters and underwear.

There are two major varieties of knitting: weft knitting and warp knitting. In
weft knitting, one continuous The knitted fabric has the advantage of stretchability
which provides fit and comfort. It also gives warmth. At the same time, they are
porous and provide breathing comfort. It is light in weight and wrinkle- resistant.
However, certain specialized techniques like Pak- nit or Permasized have to be
used so that it may not shrink too much. Also, care should be taken so that not a
single loop breaks. If even one loop breaks, a hole is made and it starts running.
This disadvantage can be eliminated by variation in the stitch that protects the
fabric from raveling.yarn forms courses across the fabric. In warp knitting, a series
of yarns form wales in the lengthwise direction of the fabric.
1.4. Exercises (Bài tập)

Physical properties of Fabrics

Physical properties are the static physical dimensions of fabric. The
following physical properties are used to define the static physical dimensions of
strand fabrics:
Fibre or filament(xơ hoặc tơ dài): type, size, length
Yarn: diameter, twist, weight or size, count, fiber content for mixed yarns,
ply.(đường kính ,độ xoăn,trọng lượng hoặc kích thước ,chi số ,hàm lượng xơ cho
sợi pha,xù lông)
Weight: ounces per squared or yards per pound.đơn vị kl/diện tích
Thickness(độ dày): vertical depth: Độ sâu theo chiều dọc
Fabric structure
Woven fabrics(vải dệt thoi): weave type, warp and filling yarn count per
linear inch (loại dệt,số sợi dọc ,sợi ngang/inchs =mật độ sợi dọc )
Knitted fabric: knit type, wale and course count per inch(kiểu dệt,số cột vòng
,hàng vòng )
Finishes: chemicals such as resins, starches, waxes and mechanical effects
such as Calendaring and napping applied to the woven fabric to yield or enhance
style, durability, and utility values.Hoàn tất :chất hóa học như: nhựa ,tinh bột, sáp
và các tác động cơ học :là cán ,cào bông áp dụng cho vải dệt thoi để mang lại or
nâng cao hình dạng ,dộ bền và giá trị tiện ích
Fabric width(chiều rộng vải): The length of the filling or course
Colour: Hue(sắc độ ), value( độ sâu màu) and intensity(độ sáng ) (degree of
brilliance)
Fabric density(khối lượng riêng của vải): weight per unit of volume.
Surface contour(tính chất bề mặt ): the geometric dimension of the surface
plane.( kích thước hình học của bề mặt )

What are the physical properties of fabric?

Which is the most importance physical property of fabric? why?
DIRECTIONS: Label the following items on the diagram and place the letter by the
corresponding numbers below.

___d__ 1. Selvage (biên vải) ___a__ 2. Crosswise

___c_ 3. Lengthwise _b____ 4. Bias ( đường chéo)

Fill in the correct word.

5. A fabric is ____woven _____ when the crosswise and lengthwise threads run at
a ___right_____ angle to each other.

6. Warp is another name for the _____lengthwise___ threads.

7. Weft is another name for the ______crosswise ____ threads.

Define the terms.

8. GRAIN ________Nhuộm màu

9.LENGTHWISE ___chiều dài vải

10. CROSSWISE_ chiều rộng vải

11. SELVAGE Biên vải

12. BIAS ______đường chéo vải

13. PARALLEL____sợi dọc

14. PERPENDICULAR ___+ TO =VUÔNG GÓC _

15. TORN EDGE__rách cạnh__