SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Formulas of Common
Chemical Substances
Chemistry – Grade 11
Self- Learning Module
Quarter 1 – Module 2 “Formulas of Common Chemical Substances”
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

DEVELOPMENT TEAM OF THE MODULE

WRITER: MICHELLE D. LOSANEZ

EDITOR:

REVIEWER: ANALYN L. NEPTUNO

ROWENA D. MANAOG
NOEL V. IBIS
RONALDO REYES

LAYOUT ARTIST: MICHELLE D. LOSANEZ

JOVY MIRABUENO

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region V

Office Address: Regional Center Site, Rawis, Legazpi City 4500

Telefax: 0917 178 1288
E-mail Address: region5@deped.gov.ph
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Formulas of Common
Chemical Substances
 Introduction

Think about what you call your friends. Some of

your friends might have full names (long names) and a
nickname (short name). These are the words we use to
tell others who or what we are referring to. Their full
name is like the substances name and their nickname
is like the substance’s formulae. Without these names
your friends would have no idea which of them you are
referring to. Chemical substances have names, just like
people have names. This helps scientists to
communicate efficiently.
This module was prepared to direct you on how
to interpret the meaning of a given chemical formula as
well as to become familiar with the chemical formula of
common chemical substances.

Objectives

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Recognize the formulas of common chemical substances,

(STEM_GC11Mp1a-b-9).

What I Know

Before you begin, fill in, properly and correctly, the

KWL Chart with things you ‘Know’ and ‘Want to Know’
and ‘What You Learned. For the Know component, you
may write word/s or sentence. For the Want to Know
component, state your responses in interrogative or
question form. You may list as many responses as you
want for each component. Write your responses on a
separate sheet of paper.
 KWL Chart

Topic Know Want to know Learned

Chemical Formula

Guide Questions

1. Based on what you have written on the Know component of the chart, what do
you know about chemical formula?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________-
_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. If you were to think of a question that you want to ask about chemical formula, what
question would that be?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
 Pre-Test

Read and answer each statement carefully then write the letter of the best answer on
a separate sheet of paper.

Identification. Determine the elements and number of atoms in the following

chemical formulas.

1. NaCl
2. NaHCO3
3. NaClO
4. C6H8O6
5. NaOH

Learning Activities
How did you find the test? It is okay if you
are not yet sure with your answers. As you go
on with this module, you will learn and find
out if you are answers are correct. So, buckle
upthe
Decoding andMolecular
get ready with your journey.
Formula

In order to decode what the molecular formula is telling us, we need a periodic table and a
few steps to follow.

Step 1: Number of Elements: Underline the capital letters. This will tell you how many
elements are in your molecule.
How many elements are in ammonia, methanol and caffeine?

H2O (Water) 2 elements

N H3 (Ammonia) ___________

C H4O (Methanol) ___________

C8H10N4O2 (Caffeine) ___________

Step 2: How many atoms of each element?

If there is a small number beside the symbol, this indicates how many atoms of this
element there are in the molecule. If there is NO number beside the symbol, the number of atom of the
element in the formula is 1
 How many atoms of each element are there?

H2O (Water) 2 Hydrogen & 1 Oxygen

N H3 (Ammonia) _______________________

C H4 O (Methanol) _______________________

C8H10N4O2(Caffeine) _______________________

L et’s Do This!
DECODING MOLECULAR FORMULAS

Molecular formulas tell us what elements and atoms are in a molecule. Learn how to
decode them with help from the Periodic Table of Elements.

HOW TO DECODE A MOLECULAR FORMULA

Use these steps to figure out what each molecule below are made of. Take a look at the
CaCO3 sample below, then move on to the activity.
Step 1: Underline the Capital Letters. This will tell you how many elements are in your
molecule.
Step 2: Symbols-Write the symbols the molecule has in the symbol column.
Step 3: Element Name-Use the periodic table to identify what elements the symbol
represents and write the down in the element column.
Step 4: How many atoms? - Write the number of atoms of each element in the How many
atoms column. If there is a small number beside the symbol, this indicates how many
atoms of this element there are in the molecule. If there is NO small.
Step 5: Determine the common name of the given chemical formula.
CHEMICAL SYMBOL ELEMENTS HOW MANY COMMON
FORMULA NAMES ATOMS NAME
Ca Calcium 1
CaCO3 C Carbon 1 Chalk
O Oxygen 3

Fill-in the table with correct information.

CHEMICAL SYMBOL ELEMENTS HOW MANY COMMON

FORMULA NAMES ATOMS NAME

NaHCO3

CaO
 Mg(OH)2

(CH3)2CHOH

L et’s Discuss

CHEMICAL FORMULA

Chemists use chemical formulas Many ofto our

express the compounds are commercially
household
composition of molecules and ionic compounds in terms
prepared mixtures of
consisting of a chemical compound
chemical symbols. By composition we mean
diluted notwater
with onlysuch
the as the following products.
elements present but also the ratios in which the atoms are
combined.

A chemical formula tells you the specific elements

included in the compound and the number of atoms of each.
The letters in a chemical formula are the symbols for the
specific elements. So, for example, H means hydrogen, O
means oxygen, S means sulfur, Cu means copper, F means
fluorine, Fe means iron and Au means gold. If you don’t
know what a particular symbol means, you can check a
periodic table.

The numbers added as a subscript tell you how many

atoms of each element are present. If no number is present,
there is only one atom. You can now interpret chemical
formulas. For example, many people know H2O is water, but
now you know that the H means hydrogen and the O means
oxygen, and the number 2 after the H means that there are
two hydrogen atoms for every oxygen atom.
 SOME COMMON HOUSEHOLD COMPOUNDS

Name of Compound Use Formula

Isopropyl alcohol antiseptic/disinfectant (CH3)2CHOH

Agua oxigenada (hydrogen antiseptic/disinfectant H2 O2

peroxide)

Baking soda (sodium Cleaning,deodorizing,leavening, NaHCO3

bicarbonate) buffering, fire extinguishing

Plaster of Paris (2 moles mixed with water and poured into a (CaSO4)2 · H2O
calcium sulfate mould to make models and casts for
monohydrate) broken limbs

Vinegar 94-6% acetic acid) Preservative and condiment CH3COOH

Milk of Magnesia antacid Mg(OH)2

(magnesium hydroxide)

Muriatic acid (hydrochloric cleaning HCl

acid)

Topic Know Want to know Learned

I have learned that
….
Chemical Formula

You have to fill in the L component of the KWL chart to generalize the things you have
learned about the topic.

KWL Chart

What I Have Learned

Post Test
Identification. Determine the symbol, elements names, number of atoms and the common
name of the given chemical formula in each item

CHEMICAL SYMBOL ELEMENTS HOW MANY COMMON

FORMULA NAMES ATOMS NAME

CF2Cl2

NaOH

C12H22O11

CH3OH

HCl

References

Bayquen, A. V., & Bernas, G. D. (2012). Chemistry: Exploring life through science.
Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House.

Chang, Raymond. Chemistry. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2010.

Johnson, Lee. “What Does a Chemical Formula Represent?” Sciencing, March 2, 2019.
https://sciencing.com/what-does-a-chemical-formula-represent-13710450.html.

“NAME THAT MOLECULE CHALLENGE.” Accessed September 30, 2020.

https://festorage.blob.core.windows.net/namethatmolecule/files/namethatmolecule-
scienceworksheets.pdf.

Answer Keys

PreTest
 1. NaCl = 1 sodium, 1 chlorine
2. NaHCO3 = 1 sodium, 1 hydrogen, 1 carbon, 3 oxygen
3. NaClO = 1 sodium, 1 chlorine, 1 oxygen
4. C6H8O6 = 6 carbon, 8 hydrogen, 6 oxygen
5. NaOH = 1 sodium, 1 oxygen, 1 hydrogen

Learning Activities

Step 1

1. H2O (Water) 2 elements

2. N H3 (Ammonia) 2 elements
3. C H4O (Methanol) 3 elements
4. C8H10N4O2 (Caffeine) 4 elements

Step 2

1. H2O (Water) 2 Hydrogen & 1 Oxygen

2. N H3 (Ammonia) 1 Nitrogen & 3 Oxygen
3. C H4 O (Methanol) 1 Carbon, 4 Hydrogen & 1 Oxygen
4. C8H10N4O2(Caffeine) 3 Carbon, 10 Hydrogen 4 Nitrogen & 2
Oxygen

Let Do This

CHEMICAL SYMBOL ELEMENTS HOW MANY COMMON NAME

FORMULA NAMES ATOMS
Na sodium 1
NaHCO3 H hydrogen 1
Baking soda
C carbon 1
O oxygen 3
CaO Ca calcium 1
Quicklime
O oxygen 1
Mg magnesium 1
Mg(OH)2 O oxygen 2 Milk of magnesia
H hydrogen 2
C carbon 3
(CH3)2CHOH H hydrogen 8 Isopropyl alcohol
O oxygen 1
C carbon 2
CH3COOH H hydrogen 4 vinegar
O oxygen 2

Post Test

CHEMICAL SYMBOL ELEMENTS HOW MANY COMMON

FORMULA NAMES ATOMS NAME
C carbon 1 freon 12,
 CF2Cl2 F flourine 2
refrigerant 12
Cl chlorine 2
Na sodium 1 lye, caustic
NaOH O oxygen 1 soda
H hydrogen 1
C carbon 12
Table
C12H22O11 H hydrogen 22
sugar,sucrose
O oxygen 11
C carbon 1 Wood alcohol,
CH3OH H hydrogen 4 wood spirit,
O oxygen 1 methanol,
carbinol
H hydrogen 1
Muriatic acid
HCl Cl chlorine 1