Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
MIMAROPA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PALAWAN
PULOT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Pulot Center, Sofronio Española, Palawan
WORKSHEET – WEEK 2
(GENERAL MATHEMATICS 11)

RATIONAL FUNCTION, EQUATION, INEQUALITIES

Competencies:
1. represent real-life situations using rational functions;
2. distinguish rational function, rational equation, and rational inequality;
3. solve rational equations and inequalities;
4. represent a rational function through its: (a) table of values, and (b) equation; and
5. find the domain and range of a rational function.
Polynomials function
A polynomial Function is a function which involves only non-negative integer powers or only
positive integer exponents of a variable in an equation like quadratic equation, cubic equation, etc. For
example, 2x + 5 is a polynomial which has exponent equal to 1.
Here are the examples of polynomial functions of particular degree together with their names:
Polynomial Degree Special Name
𝑓 (𝑥) = 3 0 Constant Function
𝑓 (𝑥) = −2𝑥 + ! 1 Linear Function
2
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 2 2 Quadratic Function
3
𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 7 3 Cubic Function

RATIONAL FUNCTION
A rational function, r(x) is a function of the form
𝒑(𝒙)
𝒓(𝒙) = 𝒒(𝒙)
It should follow the following conditions; namely:
1. Both p(x) and q(x) are polynomial functions wherein it has no negative and fractional exponents.
2. The denominator or q(x) should not be equal to 0.
3. The domain of all values of x where q(x) ≠ 0.

The following are examples of rational functions:

𝒙𝟑 −𝟏
𝒓(𝒙) = , 𝑥 ≠ -1
𝒙+𝟏
➔ Both numerator and denominator are polynomial functions; denominator has restriction because it
should not be equal to zero
𝟏
𝒇(𝒙) = , 𝑥 ≠ 0
𝒙
➔ The numerator 1 is a polynomial function with a degree 0, the denominator is a polynomial function
and it must not be equal to 0
Another example of rational function:
𝒙+𝟑
1. 𝒇(𝒙) =
𝟒𝒙
 𝒙𝟐 +𝟑
2. 𝒇(𝒙) =
𝒙−𝟐
𝟏
3. 𝒇(𝒙) =
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙+𝟏
RATIONAL FUNCTION IN REAL LIFE SITUATION
There are different scenarios or real-world relationships that can be modeled by rational functions,
let us take the following examples:
1. The Local Government Unit allotted a budget of ₱100,000.00 for the feeding program in the Day
Care Center. The amount will be divided equally to all the pupils in the Day Care Center. Write an
equation showing the relationship of the allotted amount per pupil represented by f(x) versus the total
number of children represented by x.
Showing the relationship in tabular form we will arrived at
No. of Children (x) 10 20 50 100 200
Allocated amount per child 10,000
Notice that as the number of children increase the amount allocated per child decrease.
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
➔ In writing a representation we will arrived at f(x) = .
𝒙

2. Suppose a benefactor wants to supplement the budget allotted for each child by donating
additional ₱650.00 per child. If h(x) represents the new amount allotted per child, construct a function
representing the relationship. Using the table we used earlier:
No. of Children (x) 10 20 50 100 200
10,000 _______ ______ ______ ______
Allocated amount per child +650 +650 +650 +650 +650

𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
Thus, the representation of the rational function is h(x) = + 650.
𝒙
3. A car is to travel a distance70 kilometers. Express the velocity (v) as a function of travel time (t)
in hours.
Let us first show the relationship using a table. Remember that as time increases in travelling the velocity
or the speed of a car will decrease
Time (hours) 1 2 3 4 5
Velocity (km/hr) 70 35 _______ _______ _______
𝟕𝟎
Thus, the function v(t) = can represent v as a function of t.
𝒕

SOLVING RATIONAL EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES

Rational Equation
An equation involving rational expression, containing at least one fraction whose numerator and
denominator are polynomials.
Example 1: Solve the Rational Equation
𝑥−3 1 1
2
+ =
𝑥 − 25 𝑥 + 5 (𝑥 − 5)

Rational Equation
Given 𝑥−3 1 1
+ =
𝑥 2 − 25 𝑥 + 5 (𝑥 − 5)
1. Find the Least Common Denominator (LCD). LCD:
(𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 − 5)
2. Multiply both sides of the equation by its the LCD 𝑥−3 1 1
(𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 − 5) [ 2
+ = ]
𝑥 − 25 𝑥 + 5 (𝑥 − 5)

3. Apply the Distributive Property and then simplify. (𝑥 − 3) + 1(𝑥 − 5) = 1(𝑥 + 5)

𝑥−3+𝑥−5= 𝑥+5
Simplify:
2𝑥 − 8 = 𝑥 + 5
2𝑥 − 𝑥 = 8 + 5
𝑥 = 13
4. Find all the possible values of x. x=13
5. Check each value by substituting into original equation Checking:
and reject any extraneous root/s 𝑥−3 1 1
2
+ =
𝑥 − 25 𝑥 + 5 (𝑥 − 5)

13 − 3 1 1
+ =
13 − 25 13 + 5 (13 − 5)

10 1 1
+ =
169 − 25 18 8

10 1 1
+ =
144 18 8

18 1
=
144 8

1 1
=
8 8
Note: No extraneous root

Example 2: Solve the Rational equation

2 1 1
− =
𝑥2 −1 𝑥−1 2

Rational Equation
2 1 1
− =
Given 𝑥2 −1 𝑥−1 2
1. Find the Least Common Denominator (LCD). LCD:
2(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)

2. Multiply both sides of the equation by its the LCD 2 1 1

2(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) [ − = ]
𝑥2 −1 𝑥−1 2

3. Apply the Distributive Property and then simplify. 2(2) − 2(𝑥 + 1) = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
4 − 2𝑥 − 2 = 𝑥 2 − 1

Simplify:
0 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2 − 1 − 4
0 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3

4.You need to solve the simplified equation to find the 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 = 0

value/s of x. In this case, we need to get the equation (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1) = 0
equal to zero and solve by factoring. 𝑥 + 3 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 − 1 = 0
𝑥 = −3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 1
So possible solutions are -3 and 1.
5. Find all the possible values of x. 𝑥 = −3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 1
6. Finally, you can now check each solution by Checking: Checking:
substituting in the original equation and reject any 2 1 1 2 1 1
extraneous root/s (which do not satisfy the equation). 2
− = 2
− =
𝑥 −1 𝑥−1 2 𝑥 −1 𝑥−1 2
 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = −3 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1
2 1 2 1 1
− − =
(−3)2 − 1 (−3) − 1 (1)2 − 1 (1) − 1 2
1
= 2 1 1
2 − =
(1)2 − 1 (1) − 1 2
2 1 1
+ =
9−1 4 2 2 1 1
− =
0 0 2
2 1 1
+ =
8 4 2 1
0=
2
2 1
=
8 2 EXTRANEOUS ROOT

1 1
=
2 2
Note: No extraneous root

Example 3: Solve the Rational Equation

4𝑥 + 1 12
−3= 2
𝑥+1 𝑥 −1

Rational Equation
Given: 4𝑥 + 1 12
−3= 2
𝑥+1 𝑥 −1

1. Find the Least Common Denominator (LCD). LCD:

(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)

2. Multiply both sides of the equation by its the LCD 4𝑥 + 1 12

(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) [ −3= 2 ]
𝑥+1 𝑥 −1

3. Apply the Distributive Property and then simplify. (𝑥 − 1)(4𝑥 + 1) − 3(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) = 12

Simplify:
(𝑥 − 1)(4𝑥 + 1) − (3𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1) = 12
4𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 1 + 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 3 = 12
4𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 1 − 3𝑥 2 + 3 − 12 = 0
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 10 = 0
Factor:
(𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 2) = 0

4. Find all the possible values of x.

(𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 2) = 0
𝑥 − 5 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 + 2 = 0
𝑥 = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = −2
So possible solutions are 5 and -2.
6. Finally, you can now check each solution by Checking: Checking:
substituting in the original equation and reject any 4𝑥 + 1 12 4𝑥 + 1 12
extraneous root/s (which do not satisfy the equation). −3= 2 −3= 2
𝑥+1 𝑥 −1 𝑥+1 𝑥 −1

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 5 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = −2
4(5) + 1 12 4(−2) + 1
−3= −3
5+1 (5)2 − 1 (−2) + 1
12
=
(−2)2 − 1
 21 12
−3= 12
6 24
7−3=
3
21 − 18 1
=
6 2 4=4

1 1
=
2 2

Note: No extraneous root

Rational Inequalities
An inequality involving rational expressions, To trick to dealing with rational inequalities is to always
work with zero on one side of the inequality.

Example1: Solve the Rational Inequalities

3
≤ −1
𝑥−2

Rational Inequalities
3
≤ −1
Given 𝑥−2

1. Put the rational inequality in general form. 3

𝑹(𝒙) +1≤0
𝑸(𝒙)
> 𝟎 where > can be replaced by <, ≤ and ≥ 𝑥−2

2.Write the inequality into a single rational expression on 3 + 1(𝑥 − 2)

the left side. (You can refer to the review section for ≤0
𝑥−2
solving unlike denominators)
3+𝑥−2
≤0
𝑥−2
𝑥+1
≤0
𝑥−2

3.Set the numerator and denominator equal to zero and Numerator:

solve. The values you get are called critical values. 𝑥+1=0
𝑥 = −1
Denominator:
𝑥−2=0
𝑥=2
4.Plot the critical values on a number line, breaking the
number line into intervals
‘;plo….

5. Substitute critical values to the inequality to determine 3

if the endpoints of the intervals in the solution should be ≤ −1
𝑥−2
included or not. When x = -1
3
≤ −1
−1 − 2

3
≤ −1
−3

−1 ≤ −1 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆
 x = -1 is not included in the solution
when x = 2

3
≤ −1
2−2
3
≤ −1 𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅
0
x = 2 is not included in the solution

5. Select test values in each interval and substitute those

values into the inequality.
Note:
If the test value makes the inequality true, then the
entire interval is a solution to the inequality. If the test When x = -2
value makes the inequality false, then the entire interval 3
is not a solution to the inequality ≤ −1
−2 − 2

3
− ≤ −1 𝒇𝒂𝒍𝒔𝒆
4
When x = 0
3
≤ −1
0−2

3
− ≤ −1 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆
2
When x = 3

3
≤ −1
3−2

3
≤ −1 𝒇𝒂𝒍𝒔𝒆
1
6.Use interval notation or set notation to write the final
answer. [−1 , 2)

Thus, the interval that satisfies the conditions are x

=1 and −1 ≥ 𝒙 < 𝟐 . Hence, the answer is −1 ≥
𝒙 < 𝟐 or [−1 , 2).

Example 2: Solve the Rational Inequalities

3𝑥 + 1
≥2
𝑥−1

Rational Inequalities
Given 3𝑥 + 1
≥2
𝑥−1

1. Put the rational inequality in the general form where > 𝑅 (𝑥)
can be replaced by >0
𝑄(𝑥)

3𝑥 + 1
−2≥
𝑥−1
2. Write the inequality into a single rational expression 3𝑥 + 1 − 2(𝑥 − 1)
on the left-hand side. ≥0
𝑥−1
 3𝑥 + 1 − 2𝑥 + 2
≥0
Note: Remember that one side must always be zero and 𝑥−1
the other side is always a single fraction, so simplify the
fractions if there is more than one fraction 𝑥+3
≥0
𝑥−1

3. Set the numerator and denominator equal to Numerator:

zero and solve. The values you get are called 𝑥+3=0
critical values. 𝑥 = −3
Denominator:
𝑥−1=0
𝑥=1
4. Plot the critical values on a number line, breaking
the number line into intervals.

5. Substitute critical values to the inequality to 3𝑥 + 1

determine if the endpoints of the intervals in the ≥2
𝑥−1
solution should be included or not When x = -3

3(−3) + 1
≥2
(−3) − 1

8
≥2 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆
4

When x = 1
3𝑥 + 1
≥2
𝑥−1

3(1) + 1
≥2
1−1

4
≥ 2 𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅
0
𝑥 = 1 is not included in the solution
6. Select test values in each interval and substitute
those values into the inequality 3𝑥 + 1
≥2
𝑥−1

When x = - 4

3(−4) + 1
≥2
(−4) − 1

11
≥ 2 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆
5
11
= 2.2
5
When x = - 1
3(−1) + 1
≥2
(−1) − 1

−2
≥2
−2
 1≥2 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒

When x = 3
3(3) + 1
≥2
(3) − 1

10
≥2
2

5≥2 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆
Note:
a. If the test value makes the inequality TRUE, then the
entire interval is a solution to the inequality.
b. If the test value makes the inequality FALSE, then the
entire interval is not a solution to the inequality.
7. Use interval notation to write the final answer.
(−∝, −3] 𝑢 ( 1, ∝)

Thus, the interval that satisfies the conditions are

𝒙 ≤ −𝟑 and 𝒙 > 𝟏 . Hence, the answer is 𝒙 ≤
−𝟑 ∪ 𝒙 > 𝟏 or (−∝, −3] 𝑢 ( 1, ∝)

Example 3: Solve the Rational Inequalities

2𝑥 − 8
≥0
𝑥−2

Rational Inequalities
Given 2𝑥 − 8
≥0
𝑥−2

1. Put the rational inequality in general form. This inequality is already in general form. We are all set to
𝑹(𝒙) go.
>𝟎
𝑸(𝒙)

where > can be replaced by <, ≤ and ≥

2. Write the inequality into a single rational expression This inequality is already in a single rational expression
on the left-hand side. wherein 0 is on one side.
2𝑥 − 8
≥0
𝑥−2

3. Set the numerator and denominator equal to zero Numerator:

and solve. The values you get are called critical 2𝑥 − 8 = 0
values. 2𝑥 = 8
𝑥 = 8/2
𝑥=4
Denominator:
𝑥−2=0
𝑥=2
4. Plot the critical values on a number line, breaking
the number line into intervals.

5. Substitute critical values to the inequality to 2𝑥 − 8

determine if the endpoints of the intervals in the ≥0
𝑥−2
 solution should be included or not When x = 4
2(4) − 8
≥0
4−2

0
≥0
2

0 ≥ 0 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆
X = 4 is included in the solution

2𝑥 − 8
≥0
𝑥−2
When x = 2
2(2) − 8
≥0
2−2

−4
≥ 0 𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅
0
X = 2 is not included in the solution
6. Select test values in each interval and substitute 2𝑥 − 8
those values into the inequality ≥0
𝑥−2

When x = 1

2(1) − 8
≥0
(1) − 2

6
≥0
1

6 ≥ 0 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆

When x = 3
2𝑥 − 8
≥0
𝑥−2

2(3) − 8
≥0
3−2

−2
≥2
1
−1 ≥ 0 𝒇𝒂𝒍𝒔𝒆
When x = 5
2𝑥 − 8
≥0
𝑥−2

2(5) − 8
≥0
5−2

2
≥ 0 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆
3
Note:
a. If the test value makes the inequality TRUE, then the
entire interval is a solution to the inequality.
b. If the test value makes the inequality FALSE, then the
entire interval is not a solution to the inequality.
 7. Use interval notation to write the final answer.
(−∞, 2) ∪ [4, ∞)

Thus, the interval that satisfies the conditions are

𝒙 < 𝟐 and 𝒙 > 𝟒 . Hence, the answer is 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐
∪ 𝒙 > 𝟒 or (−∞, 2) ∪ [4, ∞)

RATIONAL FUNCTION, RATIONAL EQUATION AND RATIONAL INEQUALITY

RATIONAL EQUATION RATIONAL INEQUALITY RATIONAL FUNCTION

A function of the form
p(x)
𝑓(𝑥) = q(x)
An equation involving An inequality involving
Definition Where p(x) and q(x) are polynomial
rational expression. rational expressions
functions and q(x) is not the zero
function.
𝑥+4 1 𝑥−2 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 8
Example = >3 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−1 5 5 𝑥+4

DOMAIN AND RANGE OF RATIONAL FUNCTION

The denominator of the rational function should not be equal to 0.

2
1. 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥−3

DOMAIN RANGE

➔ equate the 2
𝑥−3= 0 𝑦= ➔ change f(x) to y
denominator to 0 𝑥−3
2
𝑥 = 3 ➔ solve for x 𝑥=
𝑦−3
➔ interchange x and y

2 x(y - 3) = 2 ➔ cross-multiplication
Thus, the domain of 𝑓 (𝑥) = is the set of
𝑥−3
all real number except 3. xy – 3x = 2 ➔ distribute
D: {𝑥 / 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑥 ≠ 3} xy = 2 + 3x ➔ transpose 3x to other side
2+3𝑥
y= ➔ solve for y in terms of x
𝑥

x= 0 ➔ equate the denominator to 0.

Thus, the range is the set of all real numbers

except 0. R: {𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ 0}

𝑥−5
2. 𝑓 (𝑥) =
𝑥+2

DOMAIN RANGE

➔ equate the 𝑥−5

𝑥+2= 0 𝑦= ➔ change f(x) to y
𝑥+2
 denominator to 0
𝑦−5
𝑥 = −2 ➔ solve for x 𝑥= 𝑦+2
➔ interchange x and y

𝑥−5 x(y + 2) = y - 5 ➔ cross-multiplication

Thus, the domain of 𝑓 (𝑥) = is the set of
𝑥+2
all real number except -2. xy + 2x = y - 5 ➔ distribute
D: {𝑥 / 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑥 ≠ −2} xy – y = -2x - 5 ➔ combine like terms
y(x – 1) = -2x - 5 ➔ factor out
−2𝑥−5
y= 𝑥−1

x -1= 0 ➔ equate the denominator to 0.

x = 1 ➔ solve for x
Thus, the range is the set of all real numbers
except 1. R: {𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ 1}

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
ASSESSMENT
(Only this portion needs to be answered. Show your solution in your notebook, if necessary.)
Name:____________________________ Date:____________
Grade level and Strand:______________ Score:___________
A. Determine whether the following expressions are rational equation, rational inequality, rational
function or none of these.
1.) 𝑠(𝑥) = 10𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 + 17 4.) √3𝑥 + 2 > −1
10 5𝑥
2.) 𝑥+2
=1 5.) 2
≥ 3𝑥
3.) 2x – 1 ≤ 5x 6.) 10 - 𝑥 2 = 𝑦

B. Give at least 5 examples of Rational Function. (1 point each)

1. 4.)
2. 5.)
3. 6.)

C. Solve the following rational equation and inequality show your solution. (5 points each)
𝑥+3 𝑥+4 𝑥 2 +𝑥−6
1.) = 2.) < 0
𝑥−2 𝑥−5 𝑥 2 +2𝑥−3
 2 1 1 2(𝑥−4)
3.) − 𝑥−1 = 2 4). < −4
𝑥 2 −1 𝑥

D. Evaluate the following rational functions at x = 3 and show your solution. (2 points each)
𝑥+2 3
1.) f(x) = 2.) g(x) = 𝑥+4
𝑥

E. Identify the domain and range of the following rational functions and show your solution (5 points each)
𝑥+8 7
1.) f(x) = 2.) g(x) = 𝑥+2
𝑥
Domain: ___________________ Domain: ___________________
Range: ____________________ Range: ____________________
 2𝑥+1 5𝑥
3.) 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 4. 𝑓(𝑥 ) =
𝑥+3 3𝑥+3
Domain: ___________________ Domain: ___________________
Range: ____________________ Range: ____________________

F. Problem solving. Show your solution. (5 points)

The Local Government Unit allotted a budget of ₱1,000, 000.00 for the SAP beneficiaries in
Sofronio Española, Palawan. The amount will be divided equally to all the SAP beneficiaries in Sofronio
Española, Palawan. Write an equation showing the relationship of the allotted amount per SAP
beneficiaries represented by f(x) versus the total number of SAP beneficiaries represented by x

No. SAP beneficiaries (x) 100 200 300 400 500

Allocated amount per SAP beneficiaries 10, 000

Prepared by:

JUMEN S. ALIPOON
General Mathematics Teacher

Checked by:

VANGELINE C. VALERIANO
Department Head/TIII

Address:A-Chou St., Pulot Center, Sofronio Española, Palawan, Philippines 5324

School ID:301725
Email:301725pnhs@deped.gov.ph
Contact No:7230357,09175730038/ 09124457382