Professional Documents
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Environmentally Friendly and Cost-Effective Building Technologies
Environmentally Friendly and Cost-Effective Building Technologies
Technologies
Housing, next to food and clothing is the most important need of a human being. The house
reflects his/her socio-economic status in society. For most families, housing is perhaps a major
goal of family saving effort. So, it must be durable, as it is an outcome of a long-drawn process
of savings and aspirations.
Housing is a bundle of goods and services. It is not the product of uni-sectoral efforts. Housing
production includes a multitude of tasks like land acquisition, development, laying infrastructure,
site planning and architectural design on pre-conceived concepts of affordable densities, to
provide for shelter, social and physical infrastructure, project finance and finally construction and
delivery of the same.
It is within this context that a need was felt to look at ways of optimizing shelter cost. The usual
practice involved in this area till the recent past has been to:
In last two to three decades, cost effective appropriate technologies have cross the borders of
laboratory and research organizations and have reached real construction sites. Many
experimental and demonstrative projects have been constructed across the country proving the
strength and feasibility of these technologies.
Some of the Cost-effective appropriate Technologies are described in the table below
Walls ● Brick work in 1:6 cement mortar using bricks from black cotton
and inferior soil stabilized with fly-ash.
● Rat-trap bond brick work in 1:2:12 cement lime mortar/1:1.5:3
cement sand mortar.
● Hollow concrete block masonry in cement mortar.
● Compressed mud blocks masonry in mud mortar.
● Stabilized mud blocks masonry (4% cement or lime) in
stabilized mud mortar.
● Sand lime brick walls in 1:6 cement mortar.
● FAL-G sand block with 1:6 cement mortar.
● Filler slabs
● Partly precast RCC planks and joist in M15 concrete.
● Partly precast RCC joist and brick panels
● Partly precast RCC in hollow concrete blocks
● Thin RCC ribbed slabs
● Ferrocement channels
● Brick funicular shell on edge beam
● Bamboo reinforced concrete
● Brick funicular shells with RCC edge beams
● Brick jack arched over RCC joist
Roof/ intermediate ● Precast RCC cored units in M15 concrete.
● Precast RCC channel units in M15 concrete
slab