• process where many people are connected with each other
because of technology
• interactions of people with different cultures to trade goods
and services
• an interaction of people and primarily an economic process
of integration which has social and cultural aspects as well
• process where capitalism expands across the world to seek
profit and spread their rules everywhere
• also known as neoliberalism
• rules or policies of a free market
• it means that any country can trade/sell their
goods/products to other people
• KOREAN PENTECOSTAL MISSIONARY – globalization is an
opportunity to spread the faith
• CHINESE APPAREL WORKER – globalization is a chance to
escape rural poverty
• AMERICAN EXECUTIVE – globalization is like managing
supply chains to get products to stores.
• FILIPINO GLOBAL JUSTICE ADVOCATE - globalization is
rules of global game
• process through which the constraints of physical space lose
their hold on social relations.
WORLD SYSTEM THEORY
• globalization is the expansion of capitalist system around the
world
• there is a system where some countries will benefit while
others are exploited
• wealthy people have the power to control the poverty around
the globe
WORLD POLITY THEORY
• globalizations are where the state, individuals, and
organizations make up the world culture
• associated with the cultures, rules
• state remains an important component of world society, but
primarily attention goes to the global cultural and
organization.
WORLD CULTURE THEORY
• globalization where the world is turned into a single entity or
having oneness
• it focuses on which participants become conscious of living
in the world as a single place
1
EXPANDING MARKET
• process of selling the product or services to a wider section
of an existing market
HOMOGENOUS WORLD
• where most of the people will have more in common across
the world
• certain activities or institutions become global, they must
displace existing local variable activities and institution
• every region will respond to similar economic constraints in
different ways
• every culture protecting their heritage or assert
• different cultures and politics
POLITICAL SCIENCE
• through international organizations they can connect to
different people around the world
ECONOMIST
• the one that controls & process
• the selling of product around the world
• they are the one who are responsible for the integration
through international trade of markets in goods and services
as reflected in variety of possible measures.
SOCIOLOGIST
• process the interconnection of different countries
• study the movement of society
• they are the one who are responsible for an on-going
process that involves interconnected changes in the cultural
and social spheres.
HISTORIAN
• through globalization they will know the things to improve the
delivery of goods
• they study the history of the world to know how can they
interact to other country
• they follow globalization rather than lead the way.
• free market
• selling and promoting of goods with an increasingly
interdependent global economy
• seeks to endow globalization with free market norms and
neoliberal meanings.
• is almost intertwined with the deep belief in the ability of
markets to use new technologies to solve social problems far
better than any alternative course.
 THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN NEOLIBERALISM

• globalization is about liberalization and global integration of
markets
➢ liberalization is about loosening the government
controls to the business
• it is a basis for a future global order
• everyone is free to globalizations
• malayang nadadala yung product from one country to
another
• global market – walang namumuno
• globalist is not influenced by the politics
• market globalist does not allow it to be depoliticize
• serves us a tool to know the economic growth
• the more you join free trade the more it will benefit your
economy
• globalization is the spread of free-market capitalism in
every country
• globalization is inevitable and irreversible
➢ it means that it is unavoidable and when you do it you
can no longer undone it
• globalization is the spread of irreversible market due to
different technological innovations
• globalization benefits everyone
• it helps spreading the democracy in the world
• globalists tend to treat freedom, free trade, and democracy
as synonymous
• when markets do not exist then the state must create it
• state interventions in markets must be kept to bare minimum
• to create institutional framework
• to guarantee the quality and integrity of money in proper
functioning of market
PRIVATIZATION
• transferring an enterprise from the public sector to private
sector
• examples:
• PAL – Philippine Airlines
• PLDT – Philippine Long-Distance Corporation
• MERALCO – Manila Electric Company
• MWSS – Maynilad Water Services/Manila Waterworks and
Sewerage System
ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION
• movement of people & knowledge across the world
• increasing integration of economies through the movement
of goods, services, and capital across the borders
• interconnectivity of every country
• conducts an economic activities like trading goods and
services
• economic globalizations focus on the quality of the product

• it helps to reshapes the lives of many people INTERNATIONALIZATION

• but it depends on people, they can shape, resist, absorb, or
• integration of an economic activities
try to avoid globalization
• internationalization focus on the quantity part where they
• they can seek opportunity, feel the harm, lament the power
are more concern on how many was the delivered goods and
in globalization
services
• globalization is a central reality
• the effects of globalization to the people depends on how
they will respond to it
• some people eventually develop and envelope themselves to
• it is the divisions of labor in terms of economic globalization
globalization and in new institution
THE GLOBALIZATIONS OF TRADE OF GOODS AND SERVICES

• Focus more on trading their goods and services

LAISSEZ FAIRE
THE GLOBALIZATIONS OF FINANCIAL AND CAPITAL
• a belief where economies and business will function best MARKETS
when government has no control to it and there is no
interference from them • Focus more on incomes, expenses, capital
• French meaning to leave alone or to allow to do
THE GLOBALIZATION OF TECHNOLOGY AND
• guiding principles of capitalism and free-market economy
COMMUNICATIONS
NEOLIBERALISM
• Includes all the promotions, how they communicate, how
• reduction of government spending they can deliver their goods and services
• favors free-market capitalism
THE GLOBALIZATION OF PRODUCTION
• theory of political economic practices
• open markets • Focus more on quantity of goods and services, (ilang
• government must limit subsidiaries percent kayang madeliver)
• back deregulation (elimination of government power on a
certain industry)

2
SILK ROAD (road trader) INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS (IGO)

• pinagdaanan ng mga bansa during 16th century • They are the one who oversees governmental organization
• road of trade activities
• dito nagstart yung kalakalan
INTERNATIONAL NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION
THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM (IMS)
• They are the one who oversees non- governmental
• nagooversee ng mga exchange rate organization activities
• mga pumapasok na income sa bansa
MULTINATIONAL CORPORATION
• mga kinikita sa pag export and import
• remittances from the OFW’s • big companies that help the country

CURRENT ACCOUNT SURPLUS

• main focus is on the export
• mas mataas ang exports kesa imports, (sa country mas
malaki income nila kapag mas matas ang exports)
CAPITAL ACCOUNTS
• increase standard of living
• access to new markets (especially the e-markets)
• decreased of employment (because we are now using
technology)

• supplemental budget (budget na pwede mong hugutin to
supply somethings)
• it doesn’t directly affect the income of the country
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
• recording ng lahat ng naiimport
• focus more on import
• the difference in total value between payments into and out
of a country over a period.
STATISTICAL DISCREPANCY
• tackles about the supply and demand
• (Kung ilan lumabas at pumasok na products)
• it is equal to gross domestic product less gross domestic
income.
• International Financial Institution (IFI)
• World Bank (WB)
• International Monetary Fund (IMF)
• European Investment Bank (EIB)
• Islamic Development Bank (IDB)
• Asian Development Bank (ADB)
• European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(EBRD)CAF-
• Development Bank of Latin America
• Inter-American Development Bank Group (IADB)
• African Development Bank (AfDB)
• Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)
BENEFITS OF SINGLE CURRENCY:

CHANGE IN REVERSES REQUIREMENTS • EU : A Union of Human Rights and Equality

• One of the EU’s main goal is to promote human rights both
• Talks about the loans (they require some requirements for
internally and around the world.
u to acquire a loan, qualifications)
• proportion of customers' deposits a bank is required by the CORE VALUES OF EU:
Fed to hold in reserve without loaning out.
• THE TOTAL OF COUNTRY’S ACCOUNT, CAPITAL • Human dignity
ACCOUNT, STATISTICAL DISCREPANCY, AND CHANGE • Freedom
OF RESERVES = ZERO – BALANCE OF PAYMENTS • Democracy
• Equality
CENTRAL BANK
• The rule of law
• institutions that manage a state currency, money supply, and • Respect for human right
interest rates

• Established on August 8, 1967 in Bangkok Thailand

1. CLASSICAL GOLD STANDARDS (1870-1914) FOUNDING MEMBERS:
• gold yung mga pinagpapalitan
2. GOLD EXCHANGE STANDARDS 1. Indonesia
3. BRETTON WOODS SYSTEM (1944-1973) 2. Malaysia
4. NON-SYSTEM OF FLOATING AND FIXED EXCHANGE 3. Philippines
RATE (yung ginagamit natin ngayon) 4. Singapore
5. Thailand

3
ADDITIONAL MEMBERS: • Equitable Economic Development –To receive benefits of
the AEC, the people and business of ASEAN must be
• Brunai joined on January 7, 1984; engaged into the integration process of AEC.
• Vietnam on July 28, 1985; Lao PDR and • ASEAN’s integration into a globalized economy –ASEAN
• Myanmar on July 23, 1997 and must not be isolated but an integral part of the global
• Cambodia on April 30, 1999 economy.

( )
5 CORE PRINCIPLES ASEAN SINGLE MARKET AND
• Established in 2015, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia adopting AEC
PRODUCTION BASE:
Blueprint (ASEAN 2025) provides broad directions through
strategic measures for the AEC from 2016 –2025:
• Free flow of goods
• ASEAN Community Vision 2025
• Free flow of services
• ASEAN Political Security Community 2025
• Free flow of investment
• ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community
• Free flow of capital
IT AIMED TOWARDS ACHIEVING THE VISION OF HAVING AN
• Free flow of skilled labor
AEC BY 2025 THAT IS

• Highly integrated and cohesive;

• Competitive, innovative and dynamic;
ECONOMIC POLICY IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION
• With enhanced connectivity and sectoral cooperation;
• More resilient, inclusive, and people-oriented, people- • Main Messages
centered community, integrated with global economy.
• Economic policy is critical.
( ) • Unions need to: change the way they view economic policy.
• Increase engagement with policy
• Regional Economic Integration
• Offering opportunities in the form of huge market of US$2.6 THE IMPORTANCE OF ECONOMIC POLICY
trillion;
• Historically, unions adopted “service” model
• Over 62 million people;
• Old model no longer sufficient.
• 3rd largest economy in Asia;
• Unions need to engage economic policy
• 7th largest economy in the world
• Successfully engaging economic policy means engaging
FIVE INTERRELATED AND MUTUALLY REINFORCING union movement from TOP to BOTTOM.
CHARACTERISTICS: • 1950s/1960s unions did not need to do this kind of activity;
ruling paradigm favored them. That has changed a lot
• Highly Integrated and Cohesive Economy
• Competitive, Innovative and Dynamic ASEAN
• Enhanced Connectivity and Sectoral Cooperation
• Resilient, Inclusive, People-Oriented, and People- GLOBALIZATION DOMINATES ECONOMIC POLICY DEBATE
Connected ASEAN
• Need to view as part of “neo-liberal” policy agenda.
• Global ASEAN
• The “Neo-liberal” Box
( ) • Globalization & Outsourcing Rediscovering Economics
• Political Challenges
• Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT) –0-5% tariff
range for 99% of the products listed (Brunei Darussalam,
Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand) INTERSTATE SYSTEM
• 80% of products listed (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and • States effectively act and interact with one another on the
Vietnam) global or world system.
• Average tariff for ASEAN-6 is now 1.51% (from 12.76% STATE

• a system of centralized rule that succeeded in

FOUR PILLARS
• Single Market and Production Base – The region as a whole
must become a single market and production base to
produce and commercialize goods and services anywhere
in ASEAN.
• Competitive Economic Region –The region must emphasize
on the competitive ness of its production and capacity for
export, as well as the free competition inside of its
frontiers.
subordinating all other institutions and groups, temporal
and spiritual (Heywood 2011). Emerged in 15thand 16th
century in Europe.
• Within its borders, it is expected to maintain its
unchallengeable power of its possessed sovereignty
• State begun to interact with other state and institution
beyond its boundaries.

4
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (INTERNATIONAL STUDIES OR EVENTS AND THE FOLLOWING SIGNIFICANT CHANGES T A
INTERNATIONAL POLITICS) SHIFT OF PARADIGM

• Interaction and behavior that occur across boundaries of
states.
• Expected results to intensification of relationship among
nation-states which may either increase, decrease or
transform states than its usual position
• The relation of states has been the center of discipline, its
nature and focus has been significantly changing over time
particularly under the realm of globalization.
• Globalization – As a widening, intensifying, speeding up and
growing impact of worldwide interconnected.
• Not all process of globalization occurs on the level of state
as this extends to the politics and the political patterns of
international relations and organization which are equally
important to what states and other political actors do.
QUALIFYING ELEMENTS OF STATEHOOD:
1. NEW ACTORS ON THE WORLD STAGE
• Because of globalization, it impossible to regard state as
the only significant actors in world stage. New key players
have come to exert influence and identified as transnational
corporation (TNCs), non-government organization (NGOs)
and a range of non-state institutions.
2. INCREASED INTERDEPENDENCE AND INTERCONNECTED
• As globalization results to a substantial growth in cross-
border or transnational, flows and transaction (movement
of people, goods, money, information, etc.) the phenomenon
also increased the relation among states with growing
interdependence and interconnectedness.
• Problem and issues that are global in nature are impossible
to resolve by any states alone, except for a powerful state

• Defined territory 3. THE TREND TOWARDS GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

• Permanent population
• Since 1945 a new framework of global governance has been
• Effective government, and
recognized.
• Capacity to enter into relations with other state
• The establishments of international organizations (ex. IMF,
WB, UN, WTO, EU, etc). The increase of member states
reflects a growth of states who profess commitments to
human rights and rule of law
• SOVEREIGNTY – Supreme power or authority
• INTERNAL SOVEREIGNTY – State’s authority within
• EXTERNAL SOVEREIGNTY – Relationship of states to
other states and international actors as it establishes
state’s capacity to act as an independent and
autonomous entity in world affairs.
• UN guarantee equal protection in international relations
that is according to the principle of sovereign equality.

STATE AND GLOBALIZATION

• Globalization represents the process of

deterritorialization: When social, political and economic
activities are increasingly stretched across the globe and
making geography and distance posing relative
significance.
• Is a historical process involving a fundamental shift or
transformation in the special scale of human social
organization that links distant communities and expands the
reach of power across regions and continents.

• In international politics, state sovereignty became the

fundamental organizing principles. The growing
interdependence between states; its very idea presumes
that the state remains discrete national units with clearly
demarcated borders.
• Global politics is a process in which the very distinction
between the domestic and the external breaks down. The
growing number of complex political issues has eventually
acquired a global character which in effect, extend actually
or potentially to all parts of the world