( MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

TANK REFERENCE MANUAL

REV. DATE:
12-95
SECTION: 4.5
PAGE:

~ EXTERNAL PRESSURE DESIGN FOR FLAT BOTTOM

CONE ROOF (FBCRl TANKS

 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REV. DATE: SECTION: 4.5
TANK REFERENCE MANUAL 12-95 PAGE: lof6

(
. .
S. EXTERNAL PRESSURE DESIGN'

5.1 Roof. o..ip. 'The eJ!:ternal pressure loadiug ou the roof is determiaed by .
Equation (1), Fi!Dre IA or 18•

. 5. t.l Self..s..pportitlg Coo. Roof. (See Fignre IA) .

. .
5.1.2 Self-Supporting U.b,..11a and Do.. Roof•• (See Figure 18)

5.2 SIo.11 Des, .... (See Fisnre 2A)

5:2.1 'The combined pre..ure loading on the shell due to external design
pressure and wind .is calculated by Equation (12), Figure 2A.
When applying Equations (13), (14), aud (15) to cylindrical she.1ls with sidewalls
that increase in thickness £rom top to bottom, start with the thinnest .hell course
and proceed downward iu .teps with iucreasing lengths of .hell plate.
Initial calculation .hall be made nsing t8 - thickness of top .hell COQrae and
length L - height of top cOQrae.
1£ L."", i. greater than L, repeat calculation based on weighted average thick-
neaa, 's, over a new length, L, including part or all of next lower .hell cOUnlle.
If L."", continues to calculate greater than L over larger .and larger incre~ents
of sbell length antil L • total .hell beight, intermediate stiffener i. not
required. .

If L."s is· Ie •• than L, a"ne or more intermediate .tiffenera are required.

Locate firs.t intermediate .tiffener and check the location selected by calculating
PS"llo",. using L - shell length from top stiffener to first intermediate stiffener.
If PS"llo",. is les. than PS ' move location of fil1lt stiffe~er towards top of .bell
and check the new location. When PS"llcnu. i. equal to or greater than P 5' the
location of the firat .tiffener i. _tisfactory.
o,eck the lower, remaining .heU beight by considering the first intermediate
stiffener as the top of the tank and repeating the above procedures.

(
 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REV. DATE: SECTION: 4.5
TANK REFERENCE MANUAL 12-95 PAGE: 20f6

r------------:------------------j(
E .. Modulua of .Ia.ticity. pol
.\" ;.
• Joint .fficiency •
(Table 3.23. API Standard 620)

f • The a_lI..t of the allowabl ••1Te. . . . .

51' S2' S,. psi
PI • External de.ign pre ....... n./ft2
. P3 • llwload on roof. n./ft2

.'7 • ' .. -CA.I ....

I
,.\., • "1 - CA. I...
r • W.ight of roof platu. including cOITOlion(
.110.=1<». 1b/ft2
R--- D • 00. ft ...... :
Joint .fficiency of .... 11 and roof
.

-r be dlfferem.
T.....tiff.ne< '''''ctural shape.
2
- • A7' In.

(1)

'. '

--
. D
Sill 9
{lh2 -I
0.2 £ ....

.. ' --"; .. - .... : . ,'

(
(3)

.1._" •

Xl •
'~'
-:-L.
1•.0
. .0 far lap roof
in.; X\· . (4)
Sin ·9
-:t -. -0:0.. ".

(5)

2 (6)
A7 required • AS -.£1 '7 Xl - E\ '.1 X 2• in.
A7 (acfvQl) ..,It be ~,(7 required
.',

Hot.: ,47' _ ~llo satilfy Equation (26) and 12 ...,at bot ~ 14 (a. . 5.3.2.1)

. FIGUR! 1A - ROOl'.TO-SHEI.I. JOINT REGION. COME ROOI'

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REV.DA1E: SECTION: 4.5
TANK REFERENCE MANUAL 12-95 PAGE: 30f6

Top .tiff....r .m.c:tural .hape,

area • A7, in. 2 .
E . • J.iodulu. of .Io.ticity, p.i
• Joirrt efficiency •
{TobI. 3.23, API Stand<mI 620)

f - Tn. _11..t of the allowabl.

.tre•••• , 51' S2' S" po i
• Extwnal o..i;n pr••• ur., Iblit 2
• Li ... load -on roof, Iblft2
, '5 -', - CA, In.
I--'al ,
--4HlI--- CA 'al • 'al-CA,in.
.. - W.ig!rt of roof platel, includin;
comosion all_ance, Ib 1it2

___ D - 00, ft .. Mete:

Joint efficiency of .hell and roof .
.." be .liffatwnt. .

(1)

'5 requlrw<! • 1..0 R ~ ~ , In. ("""'<ella ....d lap-welded ~) m

'5 requirw<! - I. R J!j

--! ,
.
in. (butt.... lded ~) (8)
E .

(5)

X3 • 2.1 ...[R7;, In.; X3 • 0 for lap roof (9)

(10)

2
A 7 required .- 04..- EI ~I X 2 - EI '5 Xl' In. (11)

04. 7 (aclu:ll) mUlt be ~ A .-.quirw<!

7

Hot.: .(7 mUlt alia latilfy Equation. (27) and 12 mu.t be. ~ 14 (... 5.3.2.1)

FIGURE 1B - ROOF-TO·SHELL JOINT REGION, UMBRELLA AND DOME ROOF

 MECHANICAL ENe:: 'cERJNG REV. DATE: SECTION: 4.5
TANK REFERENCE MANUAL 12-95 PAGE: 40f6

Top stiffener structural

.hape, or.<J • A. 7 , in. 2
(
... '

• MocIulus of .Iasticlty, p.1

• Horizontal wind ........... Ib /it 2
• External de.ign ........... , II. /it 2
-ito-'.I • Allowabl. t.... lI••trw .. of shell _ ..ial
, ,
at design lnlpe<ature, psi
'.2 CA '.1. • "1 - CA. In.
" ,
"2 • "2 - CA. In.

'••• ,!. - CA. I...

'. • A""",I thiclr:ne.. of shell in cOl'l'<>c:le4
condition at 1.....1 ....0.. consideration. In. (
'I • W.igl.tecl a •• ,oge shell thickne..
(excluding corro.ion allowanc.)
~I---- D • 00, It.
.."... the .I-at!. L, in.
L • 11 + 12 + '" + l", It

......
See 5.2.1 when applying Equat;on. (13), !(
(141, ..., (15.

(12)

'I (13)

125 DE ( 'I
_ )2.5
12 D
I.,.... • --~.=-=~-. It
If La..
'",
< L. _ ." -.·Inl., •• diate .ti~ . . ~i....! ~
If iul., •• c/iate .tiH- I. NClui""!. check Its location u.lng Equation (15).
If P5 .lL>w. ~ P" location I. acC01'tabIe.
. 2.5

P
125 DE (.2.-)
• _ _ _!......:12;..,;D:.!.._. Ib/it 2 (15)
S.II.... L
a-:k c_ptHslve _trw .. I. ""II:
. P5 D
f.. • psi (16)

(ll
• 2.( ' . .
f• ....t be ~ 0.6 5, ."'.

I
FIGUR! 2A - SHELL DESIGN . ,
. - ".
MEC~CALENGThffiEruNG REV. DATE: SECTION: 4.5
TANK REFERENCE MANUAL 12-95 PAGE: 50f6

• op' stiffener .m.C!vra I ahape,

area • 11. 7 ' in. 2 .

., E • loIocIulu. of .Ia.ticity, poi

.f • The ._II••t of 51' 5~ S,. poi

C .• Ho";z_1 wind pre.......; IbAt2

. PI - External de.i"" pres .....! IbAt2

C
Ps - P1 + -3 ' u.At2 (12)

'.1, - .CA. In.

1

'.2
, - CA. In.
'.. . •
' •• - CA. In.
Actual thidme .. 01 .... 11 In ..... did
gt !.vel under con.ldenrtion, In.
c:oncIition

- - h_ _diate .tiff.......tn>ctural
shape, area • A,.
In. 2

..
D ·00. ft'
,•
'..
CA

on
08)

Q • I's L. Ibl 09)

12 ' Ia.

2S92 Q D' (0)

• E (N2--1l ' In.·
11 _.t be ~ 1, (_ 5.3.1.1)

Al _-,,1a.
6QD 2 (21)

A,required .,41 - 2.9"'~~; 1... 2 (22)

A, (actual) ",ust be ~ A, required
A, (actua I) _at 0110 be ~ O~ Al ..
FIGURE 28 - INTERMEDIATE STIFFENER RING DESIGN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REV. DATE: SECTION: 4.5
TANK REFERENCE MANUAL 12-95 PAGE: 60f6

S.3 Stiff...... RIRI D•• IIn

\
5.3.1 IRt.....Ilat. StlfIH... (reCer to Fipn! 28)
5.3.1.1 n. required m""' .... t oC inertia or the intermediate atiffeaor repoa.
11 mlUt be 10_ thaa. or .'I"al to. the aetaal mOlDODt oC inertia oC thia repoa. I,
where:
. '

I, ., n. ac:taal or iaertia ,!C the "'termedlate .uffeaor ria!

lDora.at
rep..... co,..iati", or the c_iacd aom••t or i.ertia of tloe iat_
_ diate .tirrea.. ..d the aLell within a diat.... or 1.47./'i5"'i;
iac&.. oa .ach aide of the intermediate .tiff... r. in.4 , "

5.3.2 T., $tIn..... <Rer.r to Fir"'" 'lA ••d lB.)

5.3.2.1 n. lotal reqaired _meal or iDcrtia of t&e lop atilTeDor repoD.I,
rauat be len: 1.lIu «~l to the actaal moment of iDmi. of t.bi. repOD., I ••

P$R
y\ • (23) I•
a
2592 Y \ D'
I, •
E iii' - 1)
, ..a." (24)

wlo .... li' i. aLtai.ed en. Eqaati"" Us)

I. • n. act_l _ _ at cl iaetti. of th. top .tiITe_ rillS repo .. CGa-

••Ii", cl tloe .-bi.ed _0_.1
cl i..rti. or
tloe top atiff...... ad
tloe .1oe11 withi. • diataace of 1.47...[ii"i;, iaclo.. cl tloe top
.tiff...... i••4. (No credit a..11 be uk.. Cor the rool portio. i. thia
...pa>
,
• ill. (25)

F.. C- leef <-. FiS- tAl: (

04 1 ~ • A,':' '1'1
Xl - El'.lX" i ••' (25)

041 <act-D ... It. ~ 041 .-..pired

F.. 0-. .. u.Iwa.J. leaf c... FiS- 1Bl:
A1 .-..pired • 04,- El '01 X, - E 1 ,s X,. ill.'. (27)

04 1 <act.n _.1 be ~ 04 1 ....... "

5.4 Bette. Desl,.

5.4.1 Flat bottoma· ..... capable of with.taDdinS _.",.1'
preaare otUy by the
_ipt of the bottom pl.tee ad the . . ipt oC the iat.... al nDid. U th. tuk ia '
_pty. the allowabI. cxb.mal ~..nI ia "'I"al to th ..... il ".ipl oC the bouoa .,
plate; Cor ~pl... 1/4- iDcIs thick ._1 Ioett.. Is .... allowaLl. uteraal prte-
aunt of 0.070 poi (1.96 iacls .. of water) whicls i~ aboat e'l"al to oa. auce p« ,.,'
equ .... incls. la order to .. e a nal bottom £or ext.eroal prea-....a ap to 24 iacls.. '"
of . .tar, tl:ae d.aiper lBIZat UAH: tau tAu. i •. al• .,.. fhtid La tit. taDk eqw;i....- ..::····>· _,.
I... t to the ....u.... of ia~ .. of _ter of extanIal p<uaore apea.d, ... deaip , , ",
clwmas" to ..;thatad tha ext..... al preeano. ..... eli.,. 10. '