National highways
 National highways link the state capital with
the national capital.
 They are maintained by Central Public
Works Department (CPWD).
 It runs to a length of 92,851 kms.
 Eg: Chennai to Delhi.
Exports
 Exports refer to the goods and services sold
for foreign currency.
 India exports nearly 7500 goods to nearly
190 countries of the world.
 If the value of exports of a country is
higher than imports, then it is called
favourable balance of trade.
 Eg: Japan.
Internal trade
 Internal trade is also called local trade.
 It is carried on within the domestic territory
of a country.
 In this trade, land transport plays a major
role in the movement of goods.
 It helps to promote balanced regional growth
in the country.
 This trade is mostly based on the nation’s
currency.
 Eg: Tea from Assam, coffee from Karnataka,
spices from Kerala, minerals from
Jharkhand, West Bengal and Orissa belt are
supplied to different parts of our country.
State highways
 State highways link the state capital with
different district headquarters.
 These roads are constructed and maintained
by the State Public Works Department
(SPWD).
 It runs to a length of 1,31,899 kms.
 Eg: Cuddalore-Chittor State highway.
Imports
 Imports refer to the goods and services bought
from overseas producers.
 India imports nearly 6000 goods from 140
countries.
 If the value of imports of a country is higher
than its imports, then it is called unfavourable
balance of trade.
 Eg: India.
International trade
 International trade is also called external
trade.
 It is carried on between two or more
countries.
 In this trade, ocean transport plays a major
role in the movement of goods.
 It leads to rapid economic progress of a
country.
 This trade is carried on by using foreign
currency.
 Eg: India supplies iron ore to Japan.
 Roadways
 The Indian roads are cost efficient and the
most popular dominant mode of transport.
 It links different parts of the country.
 Indian road network is the second longest
in the world
 It runs to a length of 3.314 km.
 The roads are classified into Village roads,
District roads, State highway, National
highway, Golden Quadrilateral Super
highways, Expressways, Border roads and
International highways.
Airways
 Airways is the quickest, costliest, most
modern and comfortable means of
transport.
 They carry passengers, mail and freight
and link local, regional, national and
international cities.
 Waterways are classified into Inland
waterways and Ocean routes.
Railways
 The Indian railways provide principal mode of
transportation for freight and passengers.
 It brings people together from various parts of
the country and promotes trade, tourism,
education and national integration.
 Indian railway is the fifth largest in the world
and second largest in Asia.
 It traverses across the length and breadth of the
country for over 63,273 kms connecting 7,025
stations.
 The network runs on multigauge operation.
They are:
1.Broad gauge (1.676 mts)
2.Meter gauge(1.00 mts)
3.Narrow gauge (0.672 mts)
Waterways
 Waterways are the cheapest means of
transport.
 They carry heavy and bulk goods at low
cost.
………………………………………………………………..
 Indian airways are divided into two namely
Indian airlines to cater the needs of
domestic market and Air India to take care
of international sector.