Win21CSP Pillar6 HRD Health Edu Poverty Mrunal

💾💾 Download Handout from Mrunal.org/DOWNLOAD OR Telegram: https://t.
me/mrunalorg
Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Pillar#6: HRD- Health, Education, Poverty, SDG

Who should attend Win20 And Win21 and Win22 free lectures/PDFs for Economy Updates?
Basically this series give free updates in economy after my full length course is over.
Type of Not joined Attended Attended Attended Attending Attending
Student Unacademy Mrunal’s Mrunal’s Mrunal’s Mrunal’s Mrunal’s
Full Course Full Course Full Course ongoing Full ongoing Full
that ended that ended that ended length paid length paid
in May-2020 in Sept- in Jan-2021 Course from Course from
OR 2020 Feb-2021 15th July 2021
BEFORE (PCB3) (PCB4)
Shd see ✅ Yes ✅ Yes ✋ No need ✋ No need ✋ No need ✋ No need
Win20CSP?
Shd see ✅ Yes ✅ Yes ✅ ✅ ONLY 1 ✋ No need
Win21CSP? lecture in
Oct-2021
Shd see ✅ Yes ✅ Yes ✅ Yes ✅ Yes ✅ Yes ✅ Yes
Win22CSP
🎙🎙Links to Free Video Lectures (🏷🏷Use Free Unlock Code ‘Mrunal.org’ )
1. Mrunal’s [Win21CSP] Economic Survey & Budget 2021 Overview:
https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-win21csp-economic-survey-budget-2021-overview/CHTCUG4L
2. Mrunal’s [Win21CSP] Economy Pillar 1A: RBI’s Monetary Policy:
https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-win21csp-economy-pillar-1a-rbis-monetary-policy/01NKBYT9
3. Mrunal’s [Win21CSP] Economy Pillar 1B: Banking & NBFC Sector:
https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-win21csp-economy-pillar-1b-banking-nbfc-sector/34V4L365
4. Mrunal’s [Win21CSP] Economy Pillar 1C: SEBI & Share Market: https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-
win21csp-economy-pillar-1c-sebi-share-market/38AIWX5X
5. Mrunal’s [Win21CSP] Economy Pillar#1D: Insurance & Pension: https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-
win21csp-economy-pillar1d-insurance-pension/56V7XF2H
6. Mrunal’s [Win21CSP] Economy Pillar#2A: GST, Taxation, Budget:
https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-win21csp-economy-pillar2a-gst-taxation-budget/WTAPP50X
7. Mrunal’s [Win21CSP] Economy Pillar#2B: https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-win21csp-economy-
pillar2b/PVOKQFSP
8. Mrunal’s [Win21CSP] Economy Pillar#2C&D: Subsidy, Fiscal Deficits, Countercyclical Fiscal Policy &
More https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-win21csp-economy-pillar-2cdsubsidydeficits/7DSB011Y
9. Mrunal’s [Win21] Economy Pillar#3: International Trade, Balance of Payment FDI, FII, CAD,
Agreements, Organizations https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-win21csp-economy-pillar3-
international-trade/TK7B43UJ
10. Mrunal’s [Win21] Economy Pillar#4A&B: Sectors of Economy- Agriculture, Manufacturing, Services
https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-win21-economy-pillar4ab-sectors-agriculture-mfg/RJGONFPN
11. Mrunal’s [Win21] Economy Economy Pillar#4C: GDP, Inflation, Unemployment Updates:
https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-win21-economy-
pillar4cgdpinflationunemployment/3QMO5EOP
12. Mrunal’s [Win21] Economy Pillar#5: HRD Updates: https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-win21-
economy-pillar56-hrd-infrastructure/DT4Y0QWC
Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Series Pillar#6: HRD→ Page 172

💾💾 Download Handout from Mrunal.org/DOWNLOAD OR Telegram: https://t.me/mrunalorg
13. Mrunal’s [Win21] Economy Pillar#6 HRD & Final Roundup Before Prelim-2021 #EndGame:
https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-win21-economy-final-roundup-b4-prelims-
endgame/PSEWT7AG (Scheduled on 5th October)
Contents
60 👫👫HRD → Census (जनगणना) ............................................................................................................................175

60.0 🕵🕵🔢🔢Census -2021 .................................................................................................................................175
60.1 🕵🕵🔢🔢Census → Demand for OBC Caste Census ..............................................................................175
60.1.1 🕵🕵🔢🔢Census → Demand for OBC Caste Census → OBC Sub-categorization ...................176
60.2 👫👫👫👫Demographic Indicators → Nat. Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) ......................................176
61 💊💊 HRD → Health (�ा�) ...............................................................................................................................177
61.0.1 🤰🤰🤰🤰💉💉💉💉 Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI) 3.0 from 2021 onwards ..................177
61.0.2 🦗🦗🦗🦗🦗🦗 Communicable Diseases: Malaria free country: .....................................................177
61.0.3 🌴🌴[🦇🦇 🐷🐷]🤒🤒 Communicable Diseases: “One Health” approach ......................................177
61.0.4 🍋🍋Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Nidhi (PMSSN) 2021-March ...................................178
61.0.5 💸💸💸🍽🍽15th FC: Sector Specific Grants (�ेत्र-�व�श� अनुदान)-Health ......................................178
61.1 🤒🤒ES21vol1Ch5 on Healthcare problems-Solutions ..........................................................................179
61.1.1 🤒🤒🤒🤒🤒🤒ES21: Indian Healthcare Problems: ............................................................................179
61.1.2 🤒🤒🤒🤒🤒🤒ES21: Healthcare Solutions: Oligopsony for universal health insurance coverage
180
61.1.3 🤒🤒🤒🤒🤒🤒ES21: Indian Healthcare Solutions: Patient Rights like UK, Sweden .....................180
61.2 😷😷ES21Vol1Ch1- Corona Saving Lives & Livelihood ........................................................................181
61.2.1 😷😷Basic Reproduction Number R0.............................................................................................181
61.2.2 😷😷Mitigation versus suppression ................................................................................................181
61.3 👻👻👻👻: 💊💊📯📯📯📯 Atma-Nirbhar Bharat → Medicine / Health ......................................................182
61.3.1 👻👻👻👻: 💊💊📯📯📯📯→ Ayushman Bharat National Digital Health Mission (15th Aug, 2020)
182
61.3.2 👻👻👻👻👻👻👻👻 PM AtmaNirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana [PMASBY] from 👜👜Budget-2021
182
61.4 👻👻 💉💉 📯📯📯📯: Corona → Vaccine Policy 2021.................................................................................183
61.4.1 👻👻 💉💉 📯📯📯📯: Corona → Vaccine & Corona medicines pe 0% GST YES OR NO? .........183
61.5 👻👻👻👻: 💊💊💊💊💊💊: Corona → Health Apps / Portal / ORG ...............................................................183
61.5.1 🌐🌐🌐: COVAX Network to buy vaccine for member countries ..................................................183
61.5.2 👻👻👻👻👻👻: CoWIN (Covid Vaccine Intelligence Work) App & Portal ...................................184
61.5.3 💊💊😷😷 → Health: Corona related Drugs/Kits ...........................................................................185
61.6 🍴🍴 HRD → Health → Hunger, Malnutrition, Food Security .............................................................185
61.6.1 🍴🍴📯📯📯📯:💳💳 → Hunger → NFSA → One Nation One Ration Card ...................................185

61.6.2 👻👻👻👻🍴🍴📯📯📯📯 Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY)- free grains in
Corona 186
61.6.3 🍴🍴📯📯📯📯 → Hunger → Malnutrition (कु पोषण) → Mission Poshan 2.0 (2021) .....................186
61.6.4 🍴🍴🍴🍴 → Global Hunger Index (GHI: वै��क भूख/�ुधा सूचकांक) .....................................................186
61.6.5 🍴🍴🍴🍴 → State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World report .......................................187
61.6.6 🍴🍴🍴🍴 → Food Waste Index Report 2021 [अ� बबार्दी सूचकांक] ......................................................187
62 🎓🎓HRD → Education (�श�ा) ............................................................................................................................187
62.0 �📯📯📯📯New education policy 2020 (नई �श�ा नी�त) ............................................................................187
62.1 🎓🎓Edu → NIPUN BHARAT ................................................................................................................187
62.2 🎓🎓Edu → CBSE Class12 Result 30:30:40 formula .............................................................................188
62.3 🎓🎓📊📊 Edu → Ranking ...........................................................................................................................188
63 💇💇💇 HRD → Skilling, Vocational Training, Recruitment .......................................................................189
63.0.1 💇💇💇)📯📯📯📯 Skill India4 → PMKVY phase 3.0 (2020) ........................................................189
64 🤲🤲💸💸 HRD → Poverty (गरीबी) .........................................................................................................................189
64.0 �💸💸💸💸Poverty Removal: DBT → E-Rupi .......................................................................................189
64.0.1 �💸💸💸💸E-Rupi: Challenges in Physical Procurement/DBT .................................................189
64.0.2 �💸💸💸💸 E-Rupi: How does it fix Problems in Physical Procurement/DBT? .....................190
64.0.3 �💸💸💸💸 E-Rupi: potential applications in Future [भ�व� म� उपयोग]........................................191
64.1 📙📙📙📙📙📙⚡👷👷 ⏫Economic Growth to ⏬poverty says 📙📙📙📙ES21 ...........................................191
64.1.1 📙📙📙📙📙📙⚡👷👷 Trickle Down in China [आ�थक वृ�द्ध का नीचे क� ओर टपकना] .................................192
64.1.2 📙📙📙📙📙📙⚡👷👷 Moderate Inequality =NOT BAD! Says ES21 ................................................193
64.1.3 📙📙📙📙📙📙⚡👷👷 Conclusion: Eco Growth⏫ → Poverty⏬..................................................193
64.1.4 🤲🤲💸💸📏📏 Oxfam Inequality Index वै��क असमानता सूचकांक .........................................................193
64.1.5 🤲🤲💸💸📏📏 Global Wealth Report 2020 released in 2020-Oct ..................................................194
65 👩👩 HRD/EDU → Weaker Section → Women & Children .........................................................................194
65.0 👶👶 HRD Weaker Section → Orphan Children ...................................................................................194
65.1 👩👩👩📯📯📯📯- 3 Umbrella Schemes to cover all women schemes .........................................................194
65.2 👩👩👩📊📊 Report → UNDP → Gender Inequality Index (GII) .............................................................195
65.3 👩👩👩📊📊 Report → WEF → Global Gender Gap Report ......................................................................196
👴👴 ♿ HRD/EDU → Weaker Section → Elderly/PH ...........................................................................................196
66 ��
� � 🌿🌿 Human Development & Sustainable Development .......................................................................197
66.0 📊📊📊📊 UNDP’s Human Development Report (मानव �वकास �रपोटर्) .......................................................197
66.0.1 📊📊📊📊UNDP → Human Development Index (HDI:मानव �वकास सूचकांक) ................................198
66.1 📊📊📊📊 UNSDSN → World Happiness Report ....................................................................................198
66.2 📊📊📊📊📊📊📊📊 Bare Necessities Index (BNI) By 📙📙📙📙ES21 ...............................................................199
66.2.1 📊📊📊📊📊📊📊📊 BNI index Findings (सूचकांक से �ा त� सामने आए?) ...............................................201
66.2.2 📊📊📊📊📊📊📊📊 ✍BNI index Analysis: Conclusion / Significance? [�न�षर् /मह�]..................201
67 🌱🌱 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) ....................................................................................................201

67.0 🌱🌱 📐📐 📊📊 NITI’s SDG India Index: overall scoring..........................................................................201

67.1 🌱🌱 📔📔📔📔ES21 on SDG & Environment ...............................................................................................202
67.1.1 📙📙📙📙ES21 Climate Change damages Indian economy [जलवायु प�रवतर्न से भारतीय अथर्तंत्र को ख़तरा]
202
67.1.2 📙📙📙📙ES21: Climate Risk & Pandemic Risk Insurance need to be encouraged .....................202
67.1.3 📙📙📙📙ES21: solar energy misused for groundwater exploitation .............................................203
68 🪒🪒WIN21: rejoinder/addendum- PPT yes, Handout No ............................................................................203
68.0 ❓Mock Questions for Prelims ...............................................................................................................157
68.1 📡📡Mrunal’s Economy Course for UPSC Prelims & Mains ................................................................159
69 � Mains Answer Writing Ki Pipudi ..............................................................................................................159
70 Stay Tuned for UPCOMING EVENTS ............................................................................................................160
60 👫👫HRD → CENSUS (जनगणना)

60.0 🕵🕵🔢🔢CENSUS -2021
⇒ 2019-Dec: Union Cabinet allotted Rs. ~8700+crores for conducting Census of India 2021
⇒ Following details will be captured: Housing Condition; Amenities & Assets, Demography,
Religion, SC & ST, Language, Literacy, Economic Activity, Migration & Fertility.
⇒ For the first time, Mobile app will be used for data collection.
⇒ Census-2021 was to be conducted in two phases:
o 1) Population Enumeration: 9th February to 28th February 2021.
o 2) House listing and Housing Census: April to September 2020.
😷😷Corona: Above census exercise postponed till further notice.
60.1 🕵🕵🔢🔢CENSUS → DEMAND FOR OBC CASTE CENSUS
अंग्रेजों के ज़माने म� जनगणना के दौरान जा�त आधा�रत डेटा भी जारी िकया जाता था। हालाँिक बाद के वष� म� अंग्रेज़ों ने ये ओबीसी
जा�त आधा�रत data देना ✋बं द िकया. कु छ राजनी�तक प� चाहते ह� िक अगली जनगणना म� ओबीसी समुदाय के भी सव��ण हो.
लेिकन क� द्र सरकार ने लोकसभा म� जवाब �दया है िक हम अगली जनगणना म� ओबीसी समुदाय के भी सव��ण ✋करने वाले नहीं.
Group Until 1931 Census 1941 Census 1951-2011
SC & ST Collected & Published Collected & Published Collected & Published
OBC Collected & Published YES Collected but NOT Collected
NOT Published NOT Published
⇒ The Mandal Commission (1979) estimated the OBC population at 52%
⇒ Socio Economic Caste Census (SECC)-2011 has CASTE related data, BUT NOT released in
public yet. [सामा�जक आ�थक जा�त जनगणना-2011: उसका डेटा सरकार ने सावर्ज�नक मं च पर जारी नहीं िकया है]
⇒ In the absence of OBC population / education / income data→ Difficult to make better quality of
government schemes and policies to help them. [ओबीसी समुदाय क� आबादी, �श�ा और आमदनी के डेटा क�
गैरहा�जरी म� उनके �लए अ�� नी�तयां और योजनाएं बनाना मु��ल]
⇒ So certain political groups demanding the next census should include OBC census as well.

⇒ 2021: Modi Govt replied in Lok Sabha: “The Government of India has decided not to enumerate
caste-wise population other than SCs and STs in Census.”
😰😰Controversy? if the OBC census is done and it is found that certain castes have benefited too
much and some OBC castes / unreserved castes benefited too less, then it may create some new set of
controversy about reservation so perhaps the government indecisive about it. [यिद ओबीसी जनगणना क�
जाती है और यह पाया जाता है िक कु छ जा�तयों को �श�ा और रोजगार म� ब�त अ�धक लाभ �आ है और कु छ ओबीसी जा�तयों/अनार��त
जा�तयों को ब�त कम अवसर �मले ह�, तो आर�ण के बारे म� कु छ नया �ववाद पैदा कर सकता है, इस�लए शायद सरकार इसे टाल रही है]
60.1.1 🕵🕵🔢🔢Census → Demand for OBC Caste Census → OBC Sub-categorization
ओबीसी उप-वग�करण = जैसे �बहार रा� सरकार द�लत और महाद�लत ऐसा उप-वग�करण करती है. उसी तजर् पर ओबीसी म� कम-
समृद्ध समुदायों को आर�ण म� अलग से आंत�रक कोटा दीए जाने पर �वचार
⇒ (Origin of OBC Reservation) While the term ‘OBC’ is not mentioned in the Constitution,
⇒ Article 15 allows the State to make special provisions for the advancement of any socially &
educationally backward classes (SEBC) of citizens. [सं �वधान म� ओबीसी श� का �जक्र नहीं है]
⇒ 1979: Mandal Commission gave report on SEBC.
⇒ 1990: PM VP Singh granted 27% reservation to OBC in central Govt jobs & admissions, which
was permitted by the Indra Swahny Judgement with certain caveats (50% ceiling, creamy layer
etc. READ Polity for me) [सरकारी नौकरी और �श�ा सं �ानों म� 27% आर�ण].
⇒ (Origin: why Sub-categorization) over the years, certain communities within OBC list have
benefitted more than other OBC communities. So, OBC Sub-categorisation is an attempt to
divide the OBCs into two groups: 1) more affluent ones & 2) less affluent ones. [ओबीसी उप-वग�करण
: “�ादा समृद्ध” और “कम समृद्ध” जा�तयों म� िकया जाए]
⇒ so that the less-affluent ones may be given separate quota within 27%, & some additional
schemes / funds earmarked only for them.
⇒ Article 340 allows the President of India to appoint a commission to investigate into the issues
related to SEBC → . 2017: A commission under Justice G. Rohini to look into the issue of OBC-
subcategorization. → it is given extension till 31/JULY/2021 (आयोग क� अव�ध को बढ़ाया गया है).
⇒ Journalists speculate that: Justice G. Rohini may be given extension till 31/Jan/2022 and that she
has given following recommendation: [पत्रकारों का अनुमान है िक आयोग ने �न� �सफा�रश क� है]
Sub-Categorization No. of OBC Castes Reservation
OBC.CATEGORY.1 1674 [they benefitted a lot in past, 2%
In future, give them less reservation]
OBC.CATEGORY.2 534 6%
Total 2633 OBC Castes → 27%
60.2 👫👫👫👫DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS → NAT. FAMILY HEALTH SURVEY (NFHS-5)

⇒ By Health Ministry: Five rounds of NFHS (1992, 1998, 2005, 2015, 2019) done in India.

⇒ 2020-Dec: result declared for 22 State/UT (Phase-1). Remaining 14 State/UT will be surveyed in
Phase-2. [28 States + 8 UT = 36.]
⇒ Total Fertility Rates (TFR) has ⏬ in almost 22 State/UT Except 3 states viz. Manipur (2.2),
Meghalaya (2.9) and Bihar (3.0) have TFR above replacement levels
⇒ Sex ratio at birth is below 900 in Telangana, Himachal Pradesh. In other places it has remained
unchanged or improved.
⇒ >50% children & women anaemic in 13 States/UTs. So, the malnutrition problem is not solved
yet. (र�ा�ता और कु पोषण से पीिड़त )
⇒ ⏫in contraceptive use, institutional birth, vaccination in children, access to toilets, LPG.
61 💊💊 HRD → HEALTH (�ा�)
61.0.1 🤰🤰🤰🤰💉💉💉💉 Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI) 3.0 from 2021 onwards
लॉकडाउन के चलते �जन ब�ों-मिहलाओ का पो�लयो, धनु�ंभ इ�ा�द टीकाकरण न हो पाया उनका टीकाकरण कर�गे
⇒ focus on Children and pregnant women who have missed their (non-corona) vaccine doses
during the corona pandemic/lockdown
⇒ Focus on migrants & remote area/ hard to reach areas। प्रवासी मज़दू र प�रवार दगु र्म प्रदेश
⇒ Health ministry to use staggered approach = instead of inviting everyone at the same time,
10-10 beneficiaries will be invited. This will reduce crowding in Corona.
61.0.2 🦗🦗🦗🦗🦗🦗 Communicable Diseases: Malaria free country:

य�द तीन वष� तक सतत �प से आपके देश म� मले�रया के कोई भी �ानीय/आंत�रक मामले नहीं �दखते, तो �व� �ा� सं गठन द्वारा
आपके देश को “मले�रया मु�” घो�षत िकया जाता है। २०२१ म� चीन ने उपल�� हा�सल क� है।
⇒ WHO aims to eliminate Malaria from world by 2030. IF a Country has 0% local cases of Malaria
in 3 consecutive years =can apply for WHO certification of malaria-free status.
⇒ Examples: Australia, Brunei and Singapore, Algeria, Argentina, El Salvador (2021), China (2021)
61.0.3 🌴🌴[🦇🦇 🐷🐷]🤒🤒 Communicable Diseases: “One Health” approach
पयार्वरण का �ा�, जानवरों का �ा�, मनु�ों का �ा� ये तीनों आपस म� जुड़े �ए ह� और एक दू सरे को असर करते ह�- इस�लए
तीनों क� सम�ाओं को एक�कृ त �प से सं बो�धत करना ज़�री- इस �ख़/अ�भगम/��कोण को “एक �ा�” ��कोण कहते ह�
⇒ One Health = An approach recognizes that animal health, human health and the environment’s
health are interconnected. Esp. for Zoonotic diseases (= spread from animal to human. [ख़ासकर
ऐसे रोग/बीमा�रयां जो जानवरों से मनु�ों म� फै लती है] For example
⇒ Environmental degradation: human encroachment in jungles → Nipah Virus spreads from
Jungle Bats to Domestic animals (Pigs) to Humans. [from Malaysia’s NIPAH Village]

⇒ Environmental degradation: Men kill Monkeys, Antelopes for meat → infected with Ebola
virus. [From Africa’s Ebola river region near Congo]
⇒ China’s Wuhan’s Wildlife Meat Market: Cats, ferrets, fruit bats, hamsters, racoon, etc. →
Corona
⇒ �Boss? One Health approach is advocated by multiple orgs such as Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO), the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), the World Health
Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
Why in news? Indian govt’s Dept of animal husbandry also organizing seminars/workshops on this
matter. Then CA-PDF-wallas have gone “crazier than usual” over this topic.
61.0.4 🍋🍋Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Nidhi (PMSSN) 2021-March
उपकर का पैसा इस फं ड म� डाल�गे और �व�वध �ा� योजनाएं चलाएं गे
⇒ Govt levies 4% Health & Education Cess on direct taxes such as income tax & corporation
tax. (What is Cess? Ref: Pillar#2A) प्र�� करों पर �ा� व �श�ा उपकर
⇒ 2021-March: govt created a new “Non-Lapsable” fund under Public Account. (What is
“Non-Lapsable fund? Ref: Pillar#2D). लोक लेखा म� एक ग़ैर-��गत �न�ध बनायी जाएगी
⇒ This fund will receive ₹ ₹ from above cess. Health ministry will use this money for
⇒ 1) Ayushmann Bharat & its sub schemes like PM-JAY (5L-Health insurance),
⇒ 2) Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (setting up AIIMS-like institutions in every
state & upgrading government medical colleges).
⇒ 3) National Health Mission (NHM) रा��ीय �ा� �मशन
⇒ 4) Health emergencies like Corona �ा� आपदाएँ
61.0.5 💸💸💸🍽🍽15th FC: Sector Specific Grants (�ेत्र-�व�श� अनुदान)-Health

(More in 📑📑Pillar#2B) Report#2: (2021-26) Amount
Local Bodies Grant (Rural and urban) Local Bodies given 70kcr
पं चायती राज/नगरपा�लकाओं को प्राथ�मक ₹₹ to convert Primary Health centres
�ा� क� द्र को �ा� और क�ाण क� द्र म� (PHC) into health and wellness centres
प�रव�तत करने के �लए ट�क भर के पैसा (HWCs)
Sectoral Grant → Health Critical Care hospitals i.e. facilities 15kcr
नाजुक देखभाल के अ�तालों को बनाने के with Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
�लए पैसा ventilator, kidney dialysis etc.
Sectoral Grant → Health Training of Allied Healthcare 13kcr
�चिक�ा सं ल� मानव बल क� तालीम के workforce (lab technicians,
�लए पैसे radiographers, dieticians,
Physiotherapist, ASHA Worker etc)
Sectoral Grant → Health State government to run Doctor 2kcr
�जले के अ�तालों म� डॉ�री तालीम के training courses in district hospital
कोसर् करवाने के �लए पैसा

(More in 📑📑Pillar#2B) Report#2: (2021-26) Amount

कु ल �मलाकर Total: 1.06 Lcr = approx.
10% of total grants to
Healthcare sector **
** Grants to Healthcare sector are unconditional i.e. not based on performance of State Govt.
Additional Recommendations by 15th FC on Healthcare
⇒ Union and State Government together should spend 2.5% of GDP on Healthcare sector by 2025.
(क� द्र और रा� सरकार ने �मलकर �ा� �ेत्र म� सावर्ज�नक खचर् को बढ़ाकर जीडीपी के ढाई प्र�तशत तक करना चािहए)
⇒ All-India Services Act, 1951: (presently we've IAS,IPS,Indian Forest Service) → make 4th All
India service: "All India Medical and Health Service" → UPSC to conduct recruitment. This will
help addressing the shortage of doctor in backward states. आईएएस/आईपीएस क� तजर् पर एक और अ�खल
भारतीय सेवा बनाई जाए "अ�खल भारतीय �चिक�ा एवं �ा� सेवा" तािक �पछड़े रा�ों म� डॉ�रों क� कमी को पूरा िकया जा सके
⇒ Most of the medical colleges and super-speciality hospitals (e.g. Cancer) are concentrated in the
Western and Southern parts of India. Union and State government should make efforts to
address this.(प��मी/द��णी रा�ों के अलावा वाले �व�ार म� भी अ�� मेिडकल कॉलेज| अ�ताल बनाने पर जोर िदया जाए)
61.1 🤒🤒📔📔📔📔ES21VOL1CH5 ON HEALTHCARE PROBLEMS-SOLUTIONS
61.1.1 🤒🤒🤒🤒🤒🤒ES21: Indian Healthcare Problems:
Public (Govt) Expenditure Out of pocket expenditure
National Health ⏫ from 1.5% GDP to 2.5-3% ⏬65% to 30%
Policy 2017 target GDP
�ा� सेवा ख़चर् ल� सरकारी ख़चर् म� बढ़ोतरी मरीज़ क� जेब से होने वाले ख़चर् म� कटौती
⇒ Shortage of medical professionals. Mismatch in Doctors versus nurses: like Punjab, Himachal
Pradesh and Chhattisgarh have a larger number of nurses and midwives but a very low density of
doctors। �ा� क�मयों क� कमी
⇒ �Irresponsible Doctors: Medical Ethics says doctors should practise altruism But in reality,
many doctors get greed & prescribe unnecessary drugs and x-ray tests to patients, they conduct
Caesarean delivery (C-Section) instead of normal delivery to charge more fees। �चिक�ा नी�तशा� के
िहसाब से डॉ�र ने ब�त ही दयावान होना चािहए िकंतु लोभ लालच म� अनाव�क िक़� क� दवाइयाँ, टे��ंग और सजर्री क� जाती है।
⇒ 🥂🥂Irresponsible Patients: people do smoking, chewing Tobacco, eating unhealthy food, not
wearing seatbelt/helmet while driving, not wearing masks in Corona = they die prematurely =
Insurance companies have to pay hefty compensation to family= Insurance companies profit
⏬→ Insurance companies ⏫ premium (subscription fees) on new subscribers to cover the
losses. Thus, risky behaviour of some people create negative externalities for the entire
healthcare system through higher costs and poorer outcomes. लोगों क� शराब त�ाकू इ�ािद ग़ैर �ज़�ेदार/
ख़राब आदतों के चलते समय से पहले मृ�ु, बीमा कं पनी मुआवज़ा देती है िकंतु बीमा कं पनी का मुनाफ़ा इसके चलते कम होता है. तो
भ�व� म� नए ग्राहकों पर बीमा िक� का बोझ बढ़ता है।
⇒ 🤫🤫Hesitancy/Ignorance: 1) Even after a person has TB symptoms, they delay visiting doctor for
minimum 5.2 months, even in Delhi. As a result their disease has already become worse and they
have infected more people with TB. 2) Many Indian women die in breast cancer, cervical cancer

because they seek medical help very late, tumour has reached advanced stage. िहचिकचाहट / जाग�कता
क� कमी के चलते �यरोग और क� सर म� भी लोग जब तक ददर् असहनीय न हो जाए, डॉ�र से �मलते नहीं. अंतत: बीमारी ब�त गं भीर
हो जाती है, मरीज़ को बचाया नहीं जा सकता।
61.1.2 🤒🤒🤒🤒🤒🤒ES21: Healthcare Solutions: Oligopsony for universal health insurance coverage
⇒ Oligopsony = few buyers and many sellers. Then buyers can command the prices.
⇒ E.g. if individual purchases Rs. 5 lakh Health insurance from insurance company, he may have to
pay Rs 5,000-7000 [premium] scription fees= this discourages many middle-class families from
buying health insurance because the salaries are not very high.
⇒ But Rajasthan govt tied up with health insurance companies → Chiranjeevi Health Insurance
scheme. Poor get free health insurance, and non-poor (middle class) permanent residents of
Rajasthan can get it for Rs.850 premium.
⇒ So, Economic survey basically suggesting that we should adopt models of similar to 1st world
countries wherein few govt organizations / Union/State governments will purchase the
healthcare insurance for everyone & then give it for free/at affordable prices. प्रथम �व� के देशों म� कु छ
सरकारी सं �ान तमाम नाग�रकों के �लए �यं ही �ा� बीमा कं प�नयों से बीमा पॉ�लसी ख़रीदते ह� और िफर नाग�रकों को वह बीमा
पॉ�लसी मु� या िकफ़ायती दामों म� दी जाती है। इस प्रकार का मॉडल भारत म� अपनाया जाए।
61.1.3 🤒🤒🤒🤒🤒🤒ES21: Indian Healthcare Solutions: Patient Rights like UK, Sweden
⇒ Information asymmetry = one business party possesses more information than the other party =
they can exploit the situation. E.g. Nirav Modi knew the weaknesses of Punjab National Bank’s
LOU/SWIFT messaging system, while PNB did not know about Nirav Modi’s losses in diamond
business = Nirav Modi scammed PNB. (Ref Pillar: 1B2)
⇒ Similar information asymmetry exists even in Indian healthcare industry. जानकारी/सूचना क� कमी के
चलते �ापार म� एक �� दू सरे का ग़लत फ़ायदा उठाता है।
⇒ Treatment costs are not uniform across hospitals. Cancer treatment at 1 hospital could cost “X”
lakh ₹, & same treatment could cost “3.7X” lakh ₹ at another hospital. Similarly, cardio (6.8x),
injuries (5.9x), gastro (6.2x), and respiratory (5.2x) disease, But patient does not know what is
the price range for treatment across different hospitals, which hospital has better success rate in
saving the patients? Etc. . एक ही बीमारी क� अलग अ�तालों म� अलग अलग फ़�स होती है। मरीज़ को पता नहीं कौनसा
अ�ताल िकफ़ायती है, िकस अ�ताल म� लोग कम मरते ह�?
⇒ So just like banking industry uses credit rating agencies to pass the loan applications (Ref#1B2),
Govt should create rating agencies to assess the quality of doctors and hospitals. E.g. 2004: UK
→ National Health Service (NHS) → Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) → annual
appraisal of all doctors→ further analyses through artificial intelligence- public reports/datasets
released. So patients can know which hospital is better? what is the price range of various
surgeries etc. इं ��ड म� गुणव�ा प�रणाम �परेखा / ढांचे के अंतगर्त सभी डॉ�रों का सालाना सव��ण- इस डेटा को सावर्ज�नक
�प से प्र�ुत िकया जाता है तािक सबको पता चले अलग अलग बीमा�रयों क� फ़�स �ा होती है, कौनसा अ�ताल बेहतर है इ�ािद
⇒ 1992: Finland’s Status and Rights of Patients Law= hospitals require to release the data of how
many patients died. Ombudsman system where patients families can complain against hospital.
िफनल�ड म� मरीज़ों के अ�धकारों के �लए क़ानून- अ�तालों ने अ�नवायर् �प से मरीज़ों के मृ�ु दर का डेटा प्रका�शत करना होगा,
अ�ताल के �ख़लाफ़ �ाय देने के �लए �शकायत �नवारण अ�धकारी।

61.2 😷😷📔📔📔📔ES21VOL1CH1- CORONA SAVING LIVES & LIVELIHOOD

✋Note: On daily basis, new development occurring about new drugs, testing kits, vaccine
distribution policy, court judgements, new Apps and portals. You can find those updates at
Mrunal.org/current. In the handout, I have confined the discussion only up to the matters covered
in Economic Survey 2021, to ensure the compactness.
⇒ COVID-19 virus - SARS-CoV-2 - first identified in Wuhan city of China in December 2019.
⇒ Hungarian physician Ignaz Semmelweis. = father of Hand washing / hygiene & hospital
sanitisation.
61.2.1 😷😷📔📔📔📔Basic Reproduction Number R0
R0 value Meaning- एक सं क्र�मत �� िकतनी और लोगों को सं क्रमण फै लाएगा?
Less than 1 One Patient infecting less than one person = disease will gradually vanish.
Equal to 1 One Patient infecting one person. Disease will not vanish but it will not result
in an epidermic. बीमारी सं पूणर् �प से लु� तो नहीं होगी, िक�ु महामारी का बड़ा/�वकट �प नहीं ले
पाएगी।
Greater than 1 One patient infecting more than one person = epidemic possible.
> 10 or >100 Super spreader event. One patient infecting tens & hundreds of people.
61.2.2 😷😷📔📔📔📔Mitigation versus suppression
✋Mitigation [बीमारी का शमन] 👊👊Suppression [स�ूणर् दमन]
Objective Slow down the spread of pandemic by reducing Stop or reverse the spread of
the R0 (e.g. from R0=100 to R0=2) infection completely by
सं क्रमण के दर को पहेले क� तुलना म� कम करना। ensuring R0<1 सं क्रमण को सं पूणर्
�प से रोक देना
How? Not complete lockdown. allowing factories to run Nationwide complete
with 50% staff etc. Use mask-sanitizers, Social lockdown of everything. सं पूणर्
distancing, home quarantine, contact tracing, �प से तालाबं दी/क�ूर्
active surveillance etc. सं पूणर् �प से तालाबं दी नहीं
Implications? Without damaging the economy greatly, it’ll help Great damage to economy.
⏬death by 50% अथर्तांतर को बहोत �ादा हा�न प�ँ चाएँ अथर्तंत्र को अप्र�ा�शत हा�न
�बना मृ�ु दर म� 50% क� कटौती सं भव
⇒ Barbell strategy in finance = while making an investment in a risky situation you should first
hedge / protect yourself for the worst outcome initially. Then after new feedback/development
you should update your response state by step. बारबेल रणनी�त - अ�न��त प�र��तयों म� �नवेश करते व� सबसे
पहले “यिद ब�त ख़राब प�र��त होगी उससे �यं को सं भालना/सुर��त करना”। उसके बाद जैसे जैसे नई जानकारी सामने आये,
�नवेश के नए फ़ै सले लेते रहना।
⇒ So considering above angles, Indian policymakers followed a similar ‘barbell approach’. First
nationwide lock down to ‘save lives’ & ‘flatten the epidemic curve’ & reduce ‘R0’. Then gradual
unlock down to ‘save the livelihood.’ कोरोना महामारी म� भारत ने कु छ ऐसा ही िकया। सबसे पहले सबक� जान बचाने के

�लए �यं को सुर��त करने के �लए रा��ापी तालाबं दी। उसके बाद नई जानकारी और नए माहौल को देखते �ए धीरे धीरे लोकड़ाऊन
को खोला/ढीला गया बाक़� सब क� आजी�वका का भी र�ण हो सके ।
✋In the remaining chapter1vol1- economic survey 2021 has done great appreciation of government
lockdown policies. But in retrospect, when we compare the situation in Corona wave 2.0 most of that
appreciation looks redundant. इस पूरे प्रकरण म� कु ल �मलाकर सरकार क� पीठ थपथपायी गई है, हालाँिक कोरोना सं क्रमण क�
दू सरी लहर के बाद ये सब चीज़� / मुद्दे इतने �ादा आकषर्क नहीं िदख रहे ह�।
61.3 👻👻👻👻: 💊💊📯📯📯📯 ATMA-NIRBHAR BHARAT → MEDICINE / HEALTH
🎓🎓Homework: Corona science tech / vaccination angles
61.3.1 👻👻👻👻: 💊💊📯📯📯📯→ Ayushman Bharat National Digital Health Mission (15th Aug, 2020)
⇒ 2020-15th August speech. PM announced National Digital Health Mission रा��ीय िड�जटल �ा� �मशन
⇒ 2021-Oct: Actually launched with the name “Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM)”
⇒ Boss? Health Ministry → National Health Authority (NHA) (Recall PM-JAY walli organization
from Pillar1D. This is same NHA)
⇒ National Health Authority (NHA) will act as the Health Information Exchange and Consent
Manager (HIE-CM). Which doctors/hospitals can access person’s health data? Ans. Person will
give consent about that to NHA.
⇒ Person registers on portal/App using mobile number or Aadhar card. Not compulsory to give
Aadhar card number at present. He gets 14 digit health ID number.
⇒ Citizens to be given Unique Health ID (UHID) with personal records about diseases, diagnosis,
report, medication etc. (रोग, �नदान, �रपोटर्, दवा आिद)
⇒ UHID will be free of cost, voluntary, consent-based with opt-out feature. (�न: शु�, �ै��क और
सहम�त-आधा�रत. मरीज अपना डेटा हटवा/िडलीट भी करवा सकते ह� ).
⇒ Patients can share with doctors = saves time/trouble of keeping multiple files/xerox/X-rays etc.
⇒ Can person delete his account /data? Ans. Yes
⇒ Can a person add a nominee to access account? (e.g. PH person unable to use phone wants to
add his guardian/relative?) Ans. Yes.
⇒ It’ll also connect with digi-doctor, tele-medicine, e-pharmacy. (िडजी-�चिक�क , दू रभाष-दवाइया, ई-
औषधालय)
61.3.2 👻👻👻👻👻👻👻👻 PM AtmaNirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana [PMASBY] from 👜👜Budget-2021
कोरोना जैसी नई महामा�रयों को ढू ंढने और इलाज करने के �लए पैसा
⇒ Who? Health Ministry’s Scheme. Tenure? 2021 to 31/3/2026
⇒ Centrally sponsored scheme. State governments also required to contribute money.
⇒ To detect and cure of new and emerging diseases, deal with present and future pandemics.
⇒ Develop Primary, Secondary, And Tertiary Care Health Systems.

⇒ Focus on IT enabled surveillance, Integrated Public Health Labs, National Centre for Disease
Control etc.
61.4 👻👻 💉💉 📯📯📯📯: CORONA → VACCINE POLICY 2021
😰😰May-2021 🤩🤩June-2021 & AFTER
- Union took responsibility to buy vaccines - Pharma Companies’ 75% of vaccine
for 45+ age group. supply/production will be bought by
- States required to buy X% vaccines for 18- Union.
44 age group. - Remaining 25% by pvt hospitals. अब
मई-2021 महीने म� क� द्र सरकार क� टीका ख़रीद नी�त म� रा� सं शो�धत/सुधार क� �ई नयी नी�त जहां पर वै�ीन कं प�नयां
सरकारों ने भी अपने पैसों से 18 से 44 आयु के लोगों के �लए कु छ भारत को जो भी वै�ीन मुहैया कर रही है उसम� से तीन
वै�ीन ख़रीदनी थी. चौथाई �ॉक/ज�ा क� द्र सरकार ख़रीदेगी, बाक़� एक चौथाई
�ोक/ज�ा �नजी अ�ताल ख़रीद�गे।
But most of the states did not have enough - State Government will no longer have any
money/ International pharma companies were role in purchase/procurement.
not agreeing to engage with state-level - State Government to be responsible only
governments. िकंतु- �ादातर रा� सरकारों के पास इतना for distribution. रा�ों क� वै�ीन ख़रीदने कोई
पैसा नहीं था/ अंतररा��ीय क��नयां बेचने से ही मना कर देती थी। �ज़�ेदारी नहीं होगी, �सफ़र् �वतरण म� भू�मका होगी।
⇒ Which state will receive how much doses from Union Govt? Ans. Depends on 1) population, 2)
disease burden 3) progress of vaccination. [in these three parameters higher the number more
vaccine doses will be given to state] 4) wastage of vaccines= if more wastage in a State then union
will give less doses in future. [क� द्र सरकार क� इस िकस रा� को िकतनी वै�ीन देगी? जवाब= �जन रा�ों म� आबादी
�ादा होगी, रोगप्रकोप �ादा होगा और वै�ीन क� बबार्दी कम रही होगी- उन रा�ों को �ादा कोटा ज�ा �मलेगा]
⇒ Every citizen above the age of 18 will be vaccinated free at centres run by the Centre or a state
government. नाग�रकों को क� द्र और रा� सरकार के क� द्रों म� मु� म� टीका लगवाए जाएं गे।
⇒ if person wants to get vaccinated at private centre then Vaccine fee @pvt hospital= Rs 780 for
Covishield, Rs 1,410 for Covaxin; and is Rs 1,145 for Sputnik V. ADD EXTRA Rs. 150 service
charge. और अगर �� चाहे तो �नजी अ�तालों म� भी पैसा देकर टीका लगवा सकते ह�।
61.4.1 👻👻 💉💉 📯📯📯📯: Corona → Vaccine & Corona medicines pe 0% GST YES OR NO?
Covered in 📑📑Pillar#2: GST.
61.5 👻👻👻👻: 💊💊💊💊💊💊: CORONA → HEALTH APPS / PORTAL / ORG

61.5.1 🌐🌐�: COVAX Network to buy vaccine for member countries
⇒ �Boss? World Health Organisation, GAVI (Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation),
and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI).
⇒ Objective? This organisation / alliance buys vaccines for member countries. [ये सं �ा सद� देशों के
�लए कोरोना वेक�सन ख़रीदता है]

⇒ 😰😰Controversy? 1) Allegations that it is not making enough efforts to get sufficient vaccines for
the poor countries. 2) Punjab state government tried to buy vaccines from it but COVAX denied
saying we deal only with union government and not state governments.
61.5.2 👻👻👻👻👻👻: CoWIN (Covid Vaccine Intelligence Work) App & Portal
⇒ �Boss? Health ministry’s National Health Authority (NHA, same organization also looks after
PM-JAY ₹5lakh health insurance)
⇒ COWIN App & Portal helps people to register for vaccination slot and download the vaccine
certificate. [टीकाकरण के �लए पं जीकरण और प्रमाण पत्र उपल� करता है]
⇒ IF person does not have Aadhaar card then he can register with other documents like voter ID,
driving license, etc.[आधार काडर् आव�क नहीं]
⇒ 2021: PM Modi declared COWIN will be given Open source/free to all the nations, so other
nations don’t have to spend ₹₹ on developing similar software/app. [अ� देशों को मु� म� सो�वेयर द�गे]
COVAID ⇒ �Boss? NITI Aayog webportal (covaid.niti.gov.in)
[�चिक�ा उपकरण to facilitate the import/Donation of Corona relief material into India by
व�ुएँ दान देने के domestic and foreigers. e.g. Oxygen Cylinders, Oxygen Concentrators,
�लए] Ventilators, Rapid Detection Kits, Remdesivir etc.
🤳🤳🤳🤳 Department of Consumer Affairs monitors health-safety guidelines @retail
Suraksha Store stores, with help of tech-startups Safejob and Seekify. These tech-startups
initiative provide online training to kirana shop owners about Corona safety guidelines.
🤳🤳🤳🤳 ⇒ uses Bluetooth technology and GPS location data to track people infected
Aarogya Setu with Corona / came in close contact with infected patients.
2020-April ⇒ Developed by National Informatics Centre (NIC, under MEITY) with help
of NITI Aayog & private sector IT experts.
😰😰Controversy? Privacy / hacking / misuse of data. (नाग�रकों क� �नजता पर खतरा)
🤳🤳😷😷 Ministry of Science & Technology → CSIR → AarogyaPath Supply Chain
AarogyaPath Portal gives info about real-time availability of masks, PPE (Personal Protective
2020 Equipment), medicines and other critical healthcare supplies for Corona
Health Ministry →National Health Authority portal for Corona vaccine
Co-WIN
distribution/supply chain management, monitoring adverse/side effect etc.
Mission COVID Atma-Nirbhar: Ministry of Sci & Tech → Department of Biotechnology (DBT)
Suraksha given ₹900 cr to help companies develop Corona Vaccine😷😷😷😷
Niti Aayog & Dept of Biotechnology's Consortium for Affordable & Rapid
😷😷Project Card
Diagnostics (CARD) to ⏫ Indian production of coronavirus testing kits.
📊📊📊📊 Oxford University to how strict a country's Corona lockdown measures were.
Stringency Marks: 0 to 100 (100 = strictest). Scoring changes with time. E.g India <20 in
Index January, but 100 during March-April. िकस देश ने िकतने कठोर तालबं धी के कदम उठाए।

61.5.3 💊💊😷😷 → Health: Corona related Drugs/Kits

Diganostic kit: Corona Self Diagnostic kit developed by Defence Research and Development
DIPCOVAN Organisation's Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS)
laboratory. Can give result in 75 minutes & cost ₹75. This will be commercially
launched Delhi-based Vanguard Diagnostics company. डीआरडीओ द्वारा कोरोनावायरस
का घर पे ही �-परी�ण के �लए नई क�ट का �नमार्ण. ₹75 म� �मलेगी पर 75 �मनट म� नतीजा देगी
Corona Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)'s new oral drug 2-
Medicines: deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) drug can provide early relief from oxygen
2DG dependency among the Corona patients. Drugs Controller General of India
(DCGI) granted emergency use permission to it. कोरोना मरीज यह दवाई मुंह से लेगा तो
उसे ऑ�ीजन क� ज�रत कम होगी.
Amphotericin- ⇒ Myucomercosis is a black fungal infection occurring as a post-coronavirus
B complication. result in loss of vision if not treated immediately.
FOR ⇒ Excessive use of steroids in diabetes patients increases their vulnerability.
Mucormycosis ⇒ Myucomercosis is not contiguous from one person to another but, fungus
is present in a closed area and enters the respiratory system through air.
⇒ Antifungal injection Amphotericin-B required
Remdesivir This Anti-viral injection is meant to be used for critical/severe case of Corona.
But excessively prescribed even in normal cases → supply shortage of injection
and its black marketing. [अनाव�क �प से दे दनादन सभी मरीज़ों को दी गई �जसके चलते
स�ाई/आपू�त म� कमी �ई थी और कालाबाज़ारी म� शु� �ई थी]
61.6 🍴🍴 HRD → HEALTH → HUNGER, MALNUTRITION, FOOD SECURITY
61.6.1 🍴🍴📯📯📯📯:💳💳 → Hunger → NFSA → One Nation One Ration Card

By 2021-March, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution will…
− Connect all ration cards to a central server
− Give e-Point of Sale (e-PoS) machine to all PDS shops.
− Then a beneficiary of National Food Security Act (NFSA) can buy grain from any shop in the
country. It will especially help the seasonal migrant workers to avail the benefits both in their
home state and employment state. (प्रवासी मजदू र अपने वतन-रा� और रोजगार के �लए �जस रा� म� अ�ायी �प से
गए है उन दोनों रा�ों म� स�ा अनाज खरीद पाएं गे)
− 💼💼Budget-2021: 4 states and UTs yet to join. 86% beneficiaries covered.
🖱🖱IMPDS Integrated Management of Public Distribution System (IMPDS) ) to implement
portal national level portability.

🖱🖱Annavitran to display the sales data of subsidized foodgrains bought through e-Point of Sale
Portal (e-PoS) devices. राशन क� दकु ानों पर स�े अनाज क� �बक्र� के आँकड़े
61.6.2 👻👻👻👻🍴🍴📯📯📯📯 Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY)- free grains in
Corona
⇒ Corona → Atma-Nirbhar → PMGKAY: 80 crore poor people will to get 5 kg [wheat or rice] + 1
kg of pulses for free every month for the next three months.
⇒ Boss? Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution → FCI → releases the
foodgrains to State government. Funding: ₹1.5 lakh crores
⇒ Duration? Phase-1: from April to June 2020. Phase-2: July to November 2020. Then in 2021:
Scheme is extended, but only 5kg grain given, no pulses given.
61.6.3 🍴🍴📯📯📯📯 → Hunger → Malnutrition (कु पोषण) → Mission Poshan 2.0 (2021)
💼💼Budget-2021: we will launch Mission Poshan 2.0 by merging following two schemes
1) Poshan Abhiyan Going on since 2018 by Woman-Child ministry.
2) Supplementary - a subscheme of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)
Nutrition Scheme - Gives hot cooked meals and/or take home ration (rice, wheat flour,
(अनुपूरक पोषण योजना) kabuli chanaa, rajma, eggs, soyabean, jaggery, biscuit etc for to
children (6 months to 6 years), Pregnant Women, Lactating Mothers
and out-of-school Adolescent Girls (11-14 years).
Above scheme#1 + scheme#2 merged → Mission Poshan 2.0 (2021) under Women-Child Ministry
with following features: �मशन पोषण के िद्वतीय चरण के िदशा �नद�श जारी िकए गए।
 Take-home rations [घर ले जाने के �लए अनाज दाल इ�ािद राशन द�गे]
 Focus is on the 1,000 days between a mother’s pregnancy and her child’s second birthday. मिहला
के गभार्धान से लेकर ब�े के दू सरे ज� िदन तक के कु ल �मलाकर 1000 िदनों म� पोषण पर जोर िदया जाएगा
 🖱🖱 Poshan Tracker Portal: to moniter — pregnant women, lactating mothers, children and
adolescents. 🕵🕵 Boss? Women-Child Ministry. माता, ब�ों और िकशोरीओ के कु पोषण क� �नगरानी के �लए।
 🖱🖱 Poshan Gyan Portal: national digital repository / knowledge bank / Wikipedia type thing on
nutrition. 🕵🕵 Boss? NITI Aayog, in partnership with Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation etc orgs.
61.6.4 🍴🍴🍴🍴 → Global Hunger Index (GHI: वै��क भूख/�ुधा सूचकांक)
Annual reported by Concern Worldwide (Ireland) and Welthungerhilfe (Germany). Previously this
report was prepared by IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute).
To compute the GHI, they measure four indicators:
1. Undernourishment: Population whose caloric intake is insufficient
2. Child wasting: low weight for height.

3. Child stunting: low height for age. caused by (chronic) long-term insufficient nutrients
4. Child mortality (0-5 age)
GHI 2018 Index 2019 (Released Index 2020 (Released 2020-Oct)
2019-Oct)
First rank? 15 17 nations: Bulgaria, 17 nations given 1st rank- Brazil, Chile, China etc.
Chile, Cube etc.
India’s rank 103/119 102 /117 94/107
India’s GHI 32.0 30.3 Score: 27.2, ⏬score = hunger is declining still
score ‘serious’ hunger category
Bottommost Central African Republic (CAR) in 107: Chad
both years
Report’s Forced Challenge Of Hunger & One Decade To Zero Hunger linking Health And
THEME? Migration Climate Change Sustainable Food System
& Hunger
Separately, UNICEF’s State of the World’s Children report for 2019, highlighted that in India, every
second child is affected by some form of malnutrition.
Although NITI Aayog Vice Chairman Rajiv Kumar defends, “International surveys’ methodologies
are faulty, otherwise as per Indian Govt’s own surveys there has been ⏫ in India.” (वै��क / आंतररा��ीय
सं �ाओ के �गनती करने के तरीकों म� ही गलती है, हम गलत नहीं है)
61.6.5 🍴🍴🍴🍴 → State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World report
− Annual report by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), WHO & a few other org.
− It uses the Food Insecurity Experience Scale developed by FAO.
61.6.6 🍴🍴🍴🍴 → Food Waste Index Report 2021 [अ� बबार्दी सूचकांक]
By United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Found that 50 kg of food is waste/thrown
away per person every year in Indian homes.
62 🎓🎓HRD → EDUCATION (�श�ा)

(Definition) Education is the process of imparting knowledge in a systematic manner, usually at a
school or university. एक �ू ल या �व��वद्यालय म�, �व��त तरीके से, �ान प्रदान करने क� प्रिक्रया को �श�ा कहते है।
62.0 �📯📯📯📯NEW EDUCATION POLICY 2020 (नई �श�ा नी�त)
✅ Edu Policy=Already Learned in Win20 Series.

https://Mrunal.org/download
62.1 🎓🎓EDU → NIPUN BHARAT

तीसरी क�ा के ब�ों पढ़ने और ग�णत क� बु�नयाद को बहेतर करो योजना

- �Boss? Education ministry.

- To improve the foundational literacy and numeracy of Class3 students by 2026-27.
- Nipun Bharat = National Initiative for Proficiency In Reading With Understanding And
Numeracy
62.2 🎓🎓EDU → CBSE CLASS12 RESULT 30:30:40 FORMULA
कोरोना के चलते 10-12th क� बोडर् परी�ाएं �ई रद्द। तो �फर ब�ों को आगे क� क�ा/कोलेज म� दा�ख़ला कै से �मलेगा
Corona-2021: Central Board of School Education (CBSE) canceled the Class12 board exams. Student
to get marksheet based on following system
Class10 Class12 [30:30:40 formula]
Class10 Students to be given marks based on Class12 Students to be given marks based on
⇒ 20 marks for Internal Assessment, ⇒ Class 10 (30 percent),
⇒ 10 marks for Periodic/Unit Test, ⇒ Class 11 (30 percent)
⇒ 30 for Half Yearly/Mid-Term ⇒ Class 12 (40 percent from school’s internal
Examinations, exam/mid-term/pre-board exam).
⇒ 40 marks for Pre-Board Examinations If student unhappy with above, then he can
= 100 marks. appear in physical exam once the pandemic
situation eases.
62.3 🎓🎓📊📊 EDU → RANKING
🎓🎓ASER ⇒ by NGO Pratham
Report- ⇒ Due to corona, a phone survey of nearly 60,000 children in rural India (instead
2020 of doing physical/face to face survey)
⇒ Only 1/3rd of survey children had access to online learning;
⇒ Highlighted sad data about the digital divide in e-learning. (गरीब ब�ों के पास मोबाइल
इं टरनेट लैपटॉप क� सु�वधा नहीं वगैरह)
🎓🎓Perfor - by EDUCATION Ministry for 2019-20. To monitor performance of school. It
mance collects data from
Grading - 1) Unified District Information System for Education Plus (UDISE),
- 2) National Achievement Survey (NAS), 3) Mid-Day Meal.
Index
- Ranking: It has 10 levels. Level 1 indicates top-notch performance.
(PGI)
- No state had reached Level 1. Punjab achieved highest score and Meghalaya
lowest score. �वद्यालय गुणव�ा परी�ण के �लए �श�ा मं त्रालय का PGI सूचकांक �जसम� पं जाब को सबसे
�ादा और मेघालय को सबसे कम अंक �मले ह�
NIRF - National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) by Edu Ministry.
Done - Separate rankings for following categories- overall, universities, engineering,
annually management, college, pharmacy, medical, architecture, law, dental and research
since 2016 institutions.
- 2021: Overall #1= IIT Madras. Research #1 = IISC Bengaluru. College#1:
Miranda

🎓🎓QS Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) World University Rankings by UK based org

Ranking - 2021-June it released ranking 2022: IISc Bengaluru #1 research institute.
- Since 2017 onwards, only 3 Indian institutes in Top-200 ranking- IIT-Bombay,
IIT-Delhi, Indian Institute of Science (IISc, Bengaluru).
63 💇💇💇 HRD → SKILLING, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, RECRUITMENT
Meaning & Significance:

- (Definition) Skill (कौशल) is the special ability to perform a task in a proficient manner. (िकसी कायर्
को कु शल तरीके से करने क� �वशेष �मता को कौशल कहते है)
63.0.1 💇💇💇)📯📯📯📯 Skill India4 → PMKVY phase 3.0 (2020)
⇒ Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) Phase 1.0= 2015-16
⇒ Phase 2.0= 2016 to 31/3/2020
⇒ Phase 3.0=target to training 8 lakh people in 2020-21. in this phase, more powers given to
district administration to cater local demand. �ानीय उद्योगों क� ज़�रत के िहसाब से कौशल �वकास कायर्क्रमों के
आयोजन के �लए �जला प्रशासन को अ�त�र� स�ा/छू ट दी गई
64 🤲🤲💸💸 HRD → POVERTY (गरीबी)
Definition: Poverty is the lack of sufficient money to meet the minimum standard of living-
including food, clothing, shelter, health and education. भोजन, कपड़े, आश्रय, �ा� और �श�ा सिहत जीवन के
�ूनतम �र को पूरा करने के �लए पयार्� धन/पैसों क� कमी को गरीबी कहेते है।
64.0 �💸💸💸💸POVERTY REMOVAL: DBT → E-RUPI
- (Origin) E-rupi is an SMS /QR Code based Prepaid Cashless Electronic Voucher created by
National Payment Corporation of India (NPCI) using its UPI Platform. [�ूआर कोड आधा�रत प्रीपेड
नगदीरिहत इले��ॉ�नक रसीद �जसे भारतीय रा��ीय भुगतान �नगम (एनपीसीआई) ने अपने यूपीआई �ेटफॉमर् का उपयोग कर बनाया]
- It is also supported by finance ministries Department of Financial Services and Health ministry’s
National Health Authority (NHA) [�व� मं त्रालय के �व�ीय सेवा �वभाग और �ा� मं त्रालय के रा��ीय �ा�
प्रा�धकरण ने भी इसक� मदद क� है]
64.0.1 �💸💸💸💸E-Rupi: Challenges in Physical Procurement/DBT
Suppose the government wants to give Rs.500 worth shoes to schoolchild of a poor family. Following
as the ways to accomplish it. [मान ली�जए सरकार �ू ल के गरीब ब�ों को ₹500 के जूते देना चाहती है]
Method तरीका How? 😰😰Problem सम�ा

Physical Government ⇒ 😰😰Minister/IAS demand bribe from

procurement (Minister/IAS) buys Bata/Lakhani/XYZ to Approve the government
[सरकार भौ�तक shoes from purchase tender. [सरकारी ठे का पा�रत करवाने के �लए �र�त]
��प म� जूतों क� Bata/Lakhani/XYZ ⇒ 😰😰Substandard quality of shoes may be
ख़रीद कर� और company → send to purchased from crony company who paid bribes.
ग़रीब ब�ों दे,] school principal → ⇒ 😰😰District education Officer (DEO), School
Delivered to Child principal may siphon/selloff shoes to the retail
[लेिकन यहाँ मं त्री, अफ़सर, stores instead of giving to poor children [जूतों का
�वद्यालय के हेडमा�र पैसे या गबन. हेड मा�र गरीब जूतों के ब�े जूते क� दक
ु ान को बेच दे]
जूतों का ग़बन कर� ऐसा डर] ⇒ 😰😰Shoe Size mismatch → Child may get the
“sarkaari” shoes but may not wear it= waste of
taxpayer’s money. [जूते ब�े के पैर के नाप के बराबर ना हो]
Direct benefit Govt transfers ₹500 to 😰😰Father may use DBT money on Vimal, liquor and
transfer father’s account gambling instead of buying shoes for the child
(DBT: प्र�� Govt transfers ₹500 to 😰😰Child may use DBT money to buy Chocolates or
लाभ अंतरण) child’s account Video Games instead of shoes.
64.0.2 �💸💸💸💸 E-Rupi: How does it fix Problems in Physical Procurement/DBT?

⇒ Govt (e.g. Education department) deposits money in a bank account (e.g. SBI) → NPCi
generates E-rupi code. [Thus it is “pre-paid” by Government for beneficiary]
⇒ Government sends this E-Rupi QR Code/SMS Code to father→ ke “Use this Rs.500 to buy shoes
for child” [सरकार लाभाथ� के मोबाइल फ़ोन पर इ-�पी नामक कोड भेजेगा, के वल जूता ख़रीदने के �लए इ�ेमाल हो सके ]
⇒ Father takes child to the shoe store, buys the shoes Pays via E-rupi digital code. Shoestore then
sends E-rupi code to banker (e.g. SBI) to redeem money (which was deposited by Govt).
⇒ Suppose Child prefers Bata (₹800 ka more comfortable leather shoe) over Lakhani (₹500 ka less
comfortable rubber shoe) → Father pays E-Rupi QR(₹500)+Father’s own cash (300)= buy Bata.
Thus E-rupi gives more freedom to the beneficiary to purchase the goods as per their
requirement/preference. [लाभाथ� को अपनी पसं द और ज़�रत के िहसाब से सामान ख़रीदने का अवसर/ �तं त्रता �मले]
⇒ IF Footware store “X”’s staff very arrogant then father may goto Footware Store “Y” = Dignity &
Power to customer. Unlike PDS stores where beneficiary has to stand in long queues and often
get humiliated by the shopkeeper for asking questions abt quality of rice/wheat/sugar/edible oil.[
सरकारी राशन क� दक ु ान पर अगर ग़रीब लाभाथ� अनाज क� गुणव�ा या खाद्य तेल म� �मलावट क� कोई �शकायत करे तो उसे
दक ु ानदार ज़लील करता था . लेिकन E-rupi के चलते ग्राहक को �तं त्रता �मलती है िक यिद कोई दक
ु ानदार बतमीजी करता है तो
ग्राहक दू सरी दक
ु ान चला जाएगा. ]
⇒ Money will ultimately go to the best quality shoe maker (e.g. Bata). Less scope for corruption/
purchase of substandard quality shoes by taking bribes by the Minister/IAS = crony capitalism

will decrease. [लाभाथ� वो सामान ख़रीदेगा जो उ� गुणव�ा का है. इससे पहले कं प�नयां मं त्री अफ़सरों को �र�त �खलाकर,
लाभाथ�ऑ को घिटया िक़� का सामान दे दी थी= वो प�पाती पूंजीवाद कम होगा]
⇒ Father will not be able to use this QR code At Gutkha Parlor, Liquor Shop or Gambling Den.
[ल��त व�ुओ ं के अलावा िकसी अ� चीज़ क� ख़रीद म� ही इ-�पी कोड इ�ेमाल नहीं हो पाएगा]
⇒ District education Officer (DEO) or School principal cannot siphon shoes to blackmarket.
⇒ Footwear store accepted the E-rupi payment → money transfer takes place through banks = less
scope for evading GST, Income Tax, Corporation Tax. [unlike cash transactions] [िड�जटल तरीक़े से
ब�क खाते म� पैसों का लेन देन होगा तो करचोरी और कालेधन के अवसर भी �ापारी के �लए कम होंगे]
⇒ E-Rupi issued on mobile phone. = Less touchpoints between the beneficiary and government
officials. Beneficiary need not stay in queue to get the physical vouchers from govt office = less
scope for bribery and harassment [कोड सीधे लाभाथ� के मोबाइल फोन म� आ जाएगा। गरीब आदमी ने सरकारी द�र के
ध�े नहीं खाने होंग,े सरकारी बाबू को �र�त नहीं देनी होगी]
64.0.3 �💸💸💸💸 E-Rupi: potential applications in Future [भ�व� म� उपयोग]
- Food for mother, child and poor families under various schemes. Medicines for TB, Corona etc.
Fertilizer subsidies for farmers [खाद्य दवाइयां उवर्रक क� स��डी दी जा सके गी]
- Even private sector companies can issue it for 1] employees e.g. Gym membership, golf club
membership, hotel tourism travel. 2] use it for corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs.
[�नजी कं प�नयां भी कमर्चा�रयों को �व�वध चीजों के �लए दे सकती ह�. कारपोरेट सामा�जक दा�य� अदायगी म� भी इसका इ�ेमाल हो
सकता है]
Conclusion: Appreciable step by government to deliver the entitlements to the poor families in
targeted and leakproof manner. This will help in a long way in increasing the accountability,
transparency and efficacy of Direct benefit transfer (DBT) programs. [सरकार का प्रशं सनीय कदम. गरीब
प�रवारों को ल��त �प से और �रसावमु� तरीके से सरकारी योजनाओं का लाभ �मले, �जससे प्र�� लाभ अंतरण योजनाओं क�
जवाबदेही, पारद�शता और प्रभावका�रता बढ़ेगी।]
64.1 📙📙📙📙📙📙⚡👷👷 ⏫ECONOMIC GROWTH TO ⏬POVERTY SAYS 📙📙📙📙ES21

⇒ Inequality= degree of gap in the distribution of assets, income or consumption among people. [
असमानता यानी क� ��यों क� सं प��, आमदनी तथा उपभोग म� िकतनी खाई/ �वषमता है]
⇒ Poverty = Very low assets, income, consumption. It could be measured in relative terms or in
absolute terms. 📙📙📙📙ES21 argues that our focus should be to remove Absolute poverty. [ग़रीबी
यानी सं प�� आमदनी उपभोग क� कमी। ऐसे ही ग़रीबी सापे� या �नरपे� हो सकती है। आ�थक सव��ण �नरपे� ग़रीबी हटाने क�
वकालत करता है]
⇒ Critics argue that capitalism, rapid economic growth increases inequality- as evident in USA-
IT/Tech companies’ CEOs earning million$ while many young Americans forced to do two jobs
just to pay the home loan/education loans. Etc. [तेज आ�थक वृ�द्ध से असमानता बढ़ती है. अमरीका म� एक तरफ़

कं पनी के CEO मोटी तन�ाह पाते ह�, जबिक कई आम नौजवान अपने क़ज़र् चुकाने के �लए दो अलग अलग नौक�रयां करने को
मजबूर।]
Thus, there is an inverse relationship between economic growth and equality.
However, 📙📙📙📙ES21Vol1ch4: argues that:
⇒ Income Redistribution = taxing the rich→ using the money for poverty welfare. [अमीरों के कराधान
क� रक़म से ग़रीब क�ाण योजनाएं चलायी जाए- तो आय का पुन�वतरण होता है ]
⇒ ⏫ GDP growth→ more rich people→ ⏫ Tax collection→ ⏫ more income redistribution
possible. In other words, if size of GDP pie chart grows bigger, then more people will be lifted out
of poverty. [आ�थक वृ�द्ध से अमीरों क� सं �ा बढ़ेगी तो कराधान क� आमदनी बढ़ेगी= �जससे आय का �ादा पुन�वतरण सं भव]
⇒ However, ⏫ GDP growth = ⏫ inequality = gap between the rich & poor may increase e.g.
poor person’s income may ⏫ by 10% while rich people’s income may ⏫ by 200%. आ�थक वृ�द्ध से
आय क� असमानता तो बढ़ेगी.
⇒ But, we’ve to ⏫ GDP growth to remove absolute poverty / BPL e.g. not able to spend even
Rs.1000 per month in city area. िक�ु िफर भी हमने आ�थक वृ�द्ध को बनाना है तािक �नरपे� �प से ग़रीबी को कम िकया
जा सके .
⇒ American Political philosopher John Rawls: Govt should prefer a distribution system which
maximizes the income of the poorest and provides basic liberties. So, 📙📙📙📙ES21 uses his
argument to justify that even if economic growth increases inequality still, it helps poor people
earn more money so economic growth is desirable. अमरीक� राजनै�तक �चतं क जॉन रो� के मुता�बक़- सरकार ने
ऐसी पुन�वतरण �व�ा प्रणाली बनानी चािहए �जसम� अ� प्रणा�लयों क� तुलना म� गरीबो को �ादा रक़म तथा बु�नयादी �तं त्रता
�मल रही हो. इस तकर् के आधार पर आ�थक सव��ण सुझाव देता है क� आ�थक वृ�द्ध को तेज़ी से बढ़ाने क� को�शश करनी चािहए
�ोंिक भले तेज आ�थक वृ�द्ध से आय क� असमानता बढ़ेगी िक�ु िफर भी ग़रीब के हाथ म� पहले से �ादा पैसा आएगा.
⇒ [📙📙📙📙ES21 then wrote lengthy paragraphs about Maxmin principle, game theory, Feldstein's
experiment, permanent income hypothesis- but that much academic depth gives poor cost:
benefit from exam point of view. so we will not invest more time]
64.1.1 📙📙📙📙📙📙⚡👷👷 Trickle Down in China [आ�थक वृ�द्ध का नीचे क� ओर टपकना]
⇒ Trickle Down= Economic growth→ ⏫ when rich people’s wealth ⏫→ they will do more
investment shopping→ ⏫ jobs, income for workers. जब अमीरों क� सं प�� बढ़ेगी तो अमीर �ादा �नवेश और
ख़रीदारी कर�गे �जससे गरीबों को रोज़गार और अ�त�र� आमदनी �मलेगी।
⇒ While some critics argue that “trickle down” does not work very efficiently in real life because
rich person continues to underpay the poor, even if rich person’s own income continues to
increase. Etc. therefore economic growth does not trickle down to the poor people. हालाँिक कु छ
आलोचकों का मानना है िक इस तरह से आ�थक वृ�द्ध गरीबों क� ओर बहती/टपकती नहीं, �ोंिक चाहे आ�मर पहले से �ादा अमीर हो
जाए, वह ग़रीब को पहले से �ादा तन�ाह नहीं देता।

⇒ However, World Bank research found China’s economic growth have really trickled down
because Chinese government initiated following reforms 1) compulsory education till ninth
standard 2) Focus on rural healthcare 3) Focused on minimum wages & pension. हालाँिक �व� ब�क क�
चीनी आ�थक वृ�द्ध पर सं शोधन से मालूम �आ िक आ�थक वृ�द्ध ग़रीबो क� ओर बह सकती है, जब चीन क� तरह �ू ली �श�ा को
अ�नवायर् िकया जाए, ग्रामीण �ा�, �ूनतम वेतन और प�शन पर ज़ोर िदया जाए।
64.1.2 📙📙📙📙📙📙⚡👷👷 Moderate Inequality =NOT BAD! Says 📔📔📔📔ES21
⇒ 📙📙📙📙ES20 had cited Tamil Saint Thiruvalluvar that wealth creation is not a bad thing, as long as
it is created through ethical means. पैसा कमाना कोई ग़लत बात नहीं है जब तक नै�तक �प से कमाया जा रहा हो।
⇒ 📙📙📙📙ES21 cited some new American surveys showing-
⇒ 1) Americans wish that a CEO should earn $7 for every $1 earned by a factory worker. CEO
deserves this much more salary because of his qualification and talent. But if the income gap is
bigger than this level= disliked. कं पनी के CEO को मज़दू र क� तुलना म� सात गुना �ादा तन�ाह �मले उसे अमरीक�
लोग ग़लत नहीं मानते �ोंिक CEO को उसक� प्र�तभा मेहनत वृ�द्ध के िहसाब से �ादा पैसा �मलना चािहए। तो यिद सात गुना से
�ादा तन�ाह �मल रही हो तो वे उस ��त/प्रणाली को नापसं द करते ह�।
⇒ 2) Americans wish that if rich people should have 3x times more wealth than poor. But if the
income gap is bigger than this level= disliked. अमीरों के पास गरीबों क� तुलना म� तीन गुना से �ादा सं प�� हो उस
��त/प्रणाली को अमे�रक� नापसं द करते ह�।
⇒ 4) self-interest: people will tolerate, support or reject inequality depending on what favours their
own position. �� अपने �-िहत के देखते �ए, असमानता को बदार्� करेगा, समथर्न करेगा, अ�ीकार करेगा
⇒ 5) Thus, people do not want total equality in income. Moderate level of inequality is considered
“just/reasonable” because some people deserve to earn more money because of their hard work
and talent. यानी क� अमरीक� सव��ण से यह �ात होता है िक लोग सं पूणर् �प से आय म� समानता नहीं चाहते। आय म� म�म �प
क� असमानता �ायपूणर् औ�च� पूणर् है, �ोंिक वो कु छ लोगों को उनक� मेहनत/प�रश्रम के िहसाब से अ�त�र� पैसा �मलना चािहए।
64.1.3 📙📙📙📙📙📙⚡👷👷 Conclusion: Eco Growth⏫ → Poverty⏬
⇒ Economic growth has a far greater impact on removing poverty than on removing inequality.
आ�थक वृ�द्ध असमानता को कम करने क� तुलना म� गरीबी को �ादा कम करती है।
⇒ Considering India’s stage of development, India must continue to focus on economic growth to
lift the poor out of poverty. Because, Redistribution is only feasible in a developing economy if
the size of the economic pie grows। भारत क� वतर्मान �वकास को देखते �ए, सरकार ने आ�थक वृ�द्ध पर ज़ोर देना चािहए
तािक गरीबों को ग़रीबी से बाहर �नकाला जा सके । �ोंिक यिद सकल घरेलू उ�ाद क� थाली का आकार बढ़ेगा तभी उसम� से ग़रीबों के
िह�े म� पहले से मोटी रोटी आएगी।
64.1.4 🤲🤲💸💸📏📏 Oxfam Inequality Index वै��क असमानता सूचकांक
⇒ UK’s NGO Oxfam International’s ‘Commitment to Reducing Inequality (CRI) Index’
⇒ It measures Govt’s ‘seriousness’ in reducing inequality by 3 dimensions 1) Govt’s spending on
social sector 2) progressive taxation 3) labour rights.
⇒ 2018 Ranking: #1: Denmark, #147: India, #157: Nigeria (lowest)
⇒ 2020-Jan: Oxfam presented a report in WEF-Davos summit that 1% Indian hold four times more
wealth than 70% of poor and it would take a female domestic worker in India 22,277 years to
earn what a top CEO of a technology company makes in one year.

⇒ 2021-Jan: Report Theme ‘The Inequality Virus’: Rich Indians’ wealth ⏫by 35% during
lockdown = ₹13 trillion- This amount is large enough to give cheque of ₹94,000 to each poor
person / run Health ministry for 10 years/MGNREGA scheme for 10 years. E-learning business
for exponential growth Whereas poorest 20% families mein only 9% have internet. Coronavirus
spread higher in poor families because live in congested unhygienic place, common
toilet/water/spitting points.
64.1.5 🤲🤲💸💸📏📏 Global Wealth Report 2020 released in 2020-Oct

⇒ By Credit Suisse, an Investment banking company of Switzerland.
⇒ Inequality is high in India. richest 10% of Indians own more than 70% of the country’s wealth.
⇒ More than 70% of Indians have personal wealth below $10,000
65 👩👩 HRD/EDU → WEAKER SECTION → WOMEN & CHILDREN
65.0 👶👶 HRD WEAKER SECTION → ORPHAN CHILDREN

PM CARES for - �Boss? Women and Child Development Ministry
Children Scheme - To identify the children who lost both the parents during Corona, and
help them [कोरोना म� अनाथ �ए ब�ों क� मदद करो योजना]
Bal Swaraj portal National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) Bal Swaraj
portal for children in need of care and protection. And it is also used for
helping children/orphans who lost both their parents in Corona.
65.1 👩👩👩📯📯📯📯- 3 UMBRELLA SCHEMES TO COVER ALL WOMEN SCHEMES
2021-March, Ministry of Women and Child Development announced that existing schemes will be
clubbed into 3 umbrella schemes. Reason? More effective monitoring & implementation.
प्रभावी �प से �नगरानी और अमल करने के �लए वतर्मान योजनाओं को तीन छतरी योजनाओं के नीचे वग�कृ त िकया गया है
Sr Umbrella Scheme Schemes included Amt 2021
1. Saksham Anganwadi and ICDS and its components like - Anganwadi 20,105 cr
POSHAN 2.0 Services, Poshan Abhiyan, Scheme for Adolescent
मिहला िकशोरी और ब�ों के Girls, National Creche Scheme
�लए- भोजन पोषण इ�ा�द
2. Mission VATSALYA Child Protection Services and Child Welfare 900 cr
बाल सुर�ा और क�ाण Services. 📑📑More in Pill#6C weaker section
3. Mission Shakti (Mission A. SAMBAL (One Stop Centre, Mahila 3,109 cr
for Protection and Police Volunteer, Women's
Empowerment for Helpline/Swadhar/Ujjawala/Widow
Homes etc.)

Sr Umbrella Scheme Schemes included Amt 2021

Women) मिहला सुर�ा और B. SAMARTHYA (Beti Bachao Beti Padhao,
सश��करण Creche, Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana
Yojana/ Gender Budgeting/Research.
65.2 👩👩👩📊📊 REPORT → UNDP → GENDER INEQUALITY INDEX (GII)
In UNDP’s Annual Human Development Report, �लगं असमानता सूचकांक (GII) measures inequality
between women & men in 3 dimensions
3 Dimensions Indicators & Data: 2020’s Report → India Norway
Note: these datasets copied from UNDP report.
They may not always match with 📙📙📙📙ES21or
NITI Data. [यहाँ पर आंकड़े अंतररा��ीय �रपोटर् से �लए ह� वो
अपने सरकारी �रपोटर् के आँकड़ो से थोड़े अलग हो सकते ह� ]
1) Reproductive Maternal Mortality Ratio: Number of deaths due 133 2
Health to pregnancy-related causes per 100,000 live
(प्रजनन �ा�) births. [मातृ मृ�ु अनुपात]
Adolescent Birth Rate: Number of births to 13 5
women aged 15–19 per 1,000 women in that age
2) % of females aged 25/> who at least enrolled till 27% (for 95% (for
Empowerment Secondary Education [कम से कम मा��मक �र तक men 47%) men also
सश��करण दा�ख़ला] 95%)
Share of seats in parliament 14% 41%
3) Labour Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR:श्रम श�� 21% (for 60% (for
Market [श्रम क� भागीदारी दर ) Proportion of the females (15 men its men its 67%)
बाज़ार म� मिहलाओं years/>) who’re employed or seeking work as 76%)
क� ��त] a % of the total female working-age population.
Plug above values in GII formula, you get score → 0.488 0.045
Based on score, you give ranks India#123 Norway#6
Swiz#1
- Lower GII score = less inequality = better rank will be given.
- 2020’s Ranking: Switzerland #1, Denmark#2…, Norway #6, India #123…... Yemen #162.
- India’s rank fallen from 122 (as per 2019-Report) to 123 (as per 2020-Report)
- While UNDP’s HDI index ranked 189 nations, GII covers 162, due to lack of data for some
nations / some nations don’t have system of parliament.

65.3 👩👩👩📊📊 REPORT → WEF → GLOBAL GENDER GAP REPORT

Annual report by the World Economic Forum since 2006, to measure
Gender Gap Across Four Pillars & India’s Rank → 2020 2021-
(Release Released
in 2019- in March-
Dec) 2021
1) Economic Opportunity: Female labour force participation rate, 149 😥😥 151
wage equality, number of women in managerial / senior executive
position. (आ�थक अवसर)
2) Educational Attainment: female literacy, enrollment rate at 112 😥😥 114
primary secondary tertiary level (�श�ा प्रा��)
3) Health & Survival: Life Expectancy at Birth, Sex Ratio. 150 😥😥 155
4) Political Empowerment: How many females in Parliament, how 18 😥😥 51
many ministers, how many became Prime Minister or President?
Overall Rank of India → 112 😥😥 140
Bottom Ranker [सब से �न� �र पर यह देश है] Yemen Afghani
(153) (156)
Top Ranker = Iceland since last 12 years. Iceland Iceland
2021’s report found 1) It will take more than 135 years to bridge the gap between male and female
development. 2) Corona has increased in the jobloss and gender gap for women.
👴👴 ♿ HRD/EDU → WEAKER SECTION → ELDERLY/PH
👴👴 SAGE Initiative - �Boss? Social Justice Ministry

�ाटर्अप कं प�नयों को बुजगु � - Use Startup companies to help senior citizens. (e.g. delivering food,
क� मदद करो योजना medicine, home care etc)
- Senior care Ageing Growth Engine (SAGE) project
♿ Unique - �Boss? Divyangjan Department [�वकलांगों को एक और नया काडर् दे दो योजना]
Disability - It is a photo ID card for physically handicapped persons So they can
Identification benefit from various government schemes
(UDID) Card
🤲🤲 SMILE Scheme - �Boss? Social Justice Ministry
[�भखा�रयों को कौशल - Beggars rehabilitation program
रोज़गार देके पुनः �ापन - SMILE scheme (Support for Marginalized Individuals for Livelihood
करो योजना] and Enterprise scheme).

66 ��
� � 🌿🌿 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
66.0 📊📊📊📊 UNDP’S HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT (मानव �वकास �रपोटर्)

- New York: United Nations → Economic & Social Council (ECOSOC) → United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP:सं यु� रा�� वकास कायर्क्रम) prepares this annual report since 1990,
based formula devised by Economists Mahbub ul Haq (Pak) & Amartya Sen (India). Mahbub ul
Haq was the first to give human dev concept
- 2018’s Report published in 2018-Sept. It didn't have any ‘theme’, just a statistical update.
- 2019’s Theme: Beyond income, beyond averages, beyond today: Inequalities in human
development in the 21st century.
- 2020’s Theme: next frontier human development and anthropocene. [Earth’s history is divided
into time series known as eons, eras, periods, epochs, and ages. Officially the current epoch is
called 'Holocene' (began approx 11,000 yrs ago) although unofficially called Anthropocene - to
mark the impact of human activity.]
UNDP’s report provides FIVE indices of Human Development viz.
FIVE INDICES 2019 Report (Released in Dec’19) 2020 Report (Released in Dec’20)
(started from) #1-5 🧔🧔 India #bottom #1-5 🧔🧔 India #bottom
1990: Human Norway, 129 189: Niger :#1: Norway, 131😰😰⏬ 189: Niger
Development Index Swiz, #2:(Tie Ireland
(HDI) Ireland, & Swiz)
Germany, #4: (Tie
HongKong HongKong &
Iceland), #6:
German
2010: Doesn’t 27.9% 91.9% Same data as last year.
Multidimensional measure Indians are South
Poverty Index rich poor Sudanese
(MPI). It doesn’t nations are poor
give ‘rank’ but % of
poor people.
(Ref: Poverty
section)
2010: Gender 1: Swiz,5: 122 162: Yemen 1: Swiz, 123😰😰⏬ 162: Yemen
Inequality Index Norway 2: Denm,

FIVE INDICES 2019 Report (Released in Dec’19) 2020 Report (Released in Dec’20)
(started from) #1-5 🧔🧔 India #bottom #1-5 🧔🧔 India #bottom
(GII) (Ref: Women 3: Sweden
section) 4: [tie Nether,
�लगं असमानता सूचकांक Belgi]
6: Norway
2014: Gender - Group#1: Norway, Swiz, US, UK etc Same as previous report
Development Index - Group#5: India, Niger, Chad & their
(GDI). Doesn’t give friend-circle
‘rank’, it clubs
nations into group 1
to 5
2010: Inequality Not important / poor cost benefit in chasing it for exam
Adjusted HDI
66.0.1 📊📊📊📊UNDP → Human Development Index (HDI:मानव �वकास सूचकांक)

It’s the geometric average of three basic dimensions of human development:
Table 1: पैदा होता → पढ़ता → पैसे कमाता
Dimension Indicators 🧔🧔 India Norway
Healthy Life Life expectancy at birth yrs (आयु सं भा�वता) 69.7 82.4
Knowledge Expected years of schooling 12 18
�ान Mean years of schooling 6.5 13
Standard of Per capita gross national income (GNI:सकल रा��ीय प्र�त �� $6,681 $66,494
Living आय) in US$ (PPP Exchange rate @2017)
(जीवन �र)
Plug above values in HDI formula you get HDI score between 0.000 to 0.645 0.957
1.000 (higher score is better)→
Based on above HDI Scores,
- Nations are given rank: Norway #1, India #131 in 2020’s Report.
- Nations are clubbed into groups: 1) Very High Human Development (उ�तम मानव �वकास)2) High
Human Development 3) Medium Human Dev (India is here) 4) Low Human Development. ‘
66.1 📊📊📊📊 UNSDSN → WORLD HAPPINESS REPORT
Annual report by United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network since 2012
- Citizens are asked to give score 0 to 10 on how happy they’re for following parameters: income,
freedom, healthy life expectancy, social support by friends & relatives, generosity & corruption.
Ranking 2019 2020 2021
Theme / focus Happiness & Community environments life under
area for happiness Covid-19
Most Happy #1 Finland Finland Finland

India** @140😰😰 @144😰😰 @139

Most unhappy South Sudan Afghan#153 Afghan#149
⇒ In 2020- the report even ranked ‘cities’ for happiness. But poor cost benefit chasing.
⇒ China, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh - all are more happier than us. ये बात कु छ
हजम नहीं होती है.
66.2 📊📊📊📊📊📊📊📊 BARE NECESSITIES INDEX (BNI) BY 📙📙📙📙ES21
⇒ Nobel Winner Economist Dr. Amartya Sen defines poverty as a failure to achieve certain
minimum basic needs. Therefore, access to “the Bare Necessities” such as Food, Housing,
Water, Sanitation, Electricity, Clean Cooking Fuel are a Sine-Qua-Non / Prerequisite for
poverty alleviation and a decent life. [अम�र् सेन के िहसाब से ग़रीबी का मतलब है �ूनतम ज़�रतों या �मताओं को
हा�सल करने म� �वफलता. अत: ग़रीबी उ�ूलन के �लए भोजन, आवास, पेयजल, ��ता, �बजली इ�ािद ज़�री/ �ूनतम
आव�कता क� चीजे/सु�वधाए लोगो को �मले यह अ�नवायर् है]
⇒ So, 📙📙📙📙ES21Vol1Ch10 prepared a Bare Necessities Index to quantify this approach. (उ� सोच/
��कोण के मात्रा�क �प से मू�ांकन के �लए आ�थक सव��ण ने बनाया है ‘ज़�री आव�कता / बु�नयादी आव�कता सूचकांक’)
⇒ With 5 Dimensions viz., water, sanitation, housing, micro-environment, and other facilities and
26 indicators.
5 26 indicators (सं के तक). [Note: following table contains only
dimensions[आयाम] notable/imp/exam-worthy indicators, & NOT all 26 indicators.]
💦💦1) Water 📊📊Indicators: (सं के तक)
पानी ⇒ Source of Water? tanker-truck/ river, dam, stream etc [आपके घर म� पेय जल
कै से हा�सल करते ह� ],
⇒ Distance from water source [आपका घर पेयजल स्रोत से िकतना दू र है],
⇒ Method of collection: through tap, carrying pot over head etc. [पानी कै से
जमा करते है? नल से, सर पे मटके पे लाते है?]
🔍🔍Implications: [प्रभाव /असर]
If water source away from home→ Water hauling→ daughters' education
suffers, since they will have to fetch water. [यिद पेय जल का स्रोत घर से ब�त दू र होगा -
लड़िकयों क� �श�ा म� हा�न, �ोंिक उ�� रोज़ पानी भरने के �लए दू र दू र तक चलते जाना होगा]
📯📯Related Scheme: Jal Jeevan Mission for Piped water supply
🚽🚽2) Sanitation 📊📊Indicators: nature of toilet, whether exclusive use for household /
��ता community toilet? etc [शौचालय का प्रकार]
🔍🔍Implications of Open Defecation: [खुले म� शौच का मानव जीवन पर प्रभाव /असर]
⇒ Infection, Disease, IMR/MMR [खुले म� शौच से बीमा�रयां / मृ�ु]
⇒ safety and modesty, ⏬School attendance of girls, women
Unconsciously ⏬Intake of food and water so as to avoid going in the
daytime → Malnutrition. [सुर�ा और ग�रमा को �ान म� रखते �ए िदन के समय खुले म�
शौच म� न जाना पड़े इस�लए लड़िकयाँ �ू ल नहीं जाती, मिहलाएँ भोजन और पानी कम लेती है �जसे
कु पोषण क� सम�ा बढ़ती है]

5 26 indicators (सं के तक). [Note: following table contains only

dimensions[आयाम] notable/imp/exam-worthy indicators, & NOT all 26 indicators.]
📯📯Related Scheme: Swachh Bharat Mission
🏠🏠3) Housing 📊📊Indicators: House condition, Nature of wall and roof etc. [मकान और छत क�
मकान आवास ��त]
🔍🔍Implications: Dilatated House = vulnerability to Crime, Disaster,
Diseases. [जजर्�रत मकान म� अपराध, आपदा, और बीमा�रयों का प्रभाव/भे�ता �ादा]
📯📯Related Scheme: Pradhan Mantri Aawas Yojana
🦟🦟4) Micro- 📊📊Indicators:
Environment ⇒ Drainage system of the household [गटर �व�ा का प्रकार]
सू� पयार्वरण ⇒ flies/mosquitoes problem during the last 365 days. Did govt authorities
came to tackle that problem? [म�र क� सम�ा के �लए �ा �पछले एक वषर् म� सरकार
मदद करने आयी थी?]
🔍🔍Implications: Vulnerability to Diarrhea jaundice malaria etc. [उ� सु�वधाएँ
नहीं होंगी तो बीमा�रयों का प्रकोप �ादा]
🍜🍜5) Other 📊📊Indicators:
facilities ⇒ 🔌🔌Electricity (📯📯Related Scheme: Saubhagya Yojana)
अ� सु�वधाएँ ⇒ 🍜🍜Cooking fuel: LPG, firewood, dung cake (📯📯Related Scheme:
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana) [रसोई म� इ�ेमाल होने वाले �धन का प्रकार]
⇒ 🍜🍜Kitchen type [रसोईघर का प्रकार], Bathroom [�ानगृह का प्रकार]
🔍🔍Implications:
⇒ Wood / charcoal / dung / kerosene → Indoor air pollution → Mother
and child health ⏬। लकड़ी /गोबर = घर म� वायु प्रदू षण के चलते �ा� को नुक़सान
⇒ Firewood / dung collection: 1) Girls / daughters' education suffers in this
labour. 2) Deforestation. �धन के �लए लकड़ी बटोरने के च�र म� बेिटयों क� �श�ा को
हा�न , जं गलों क� कटाई से पयार्वरण को नुक़सान
⇒ Electricity =Mobile internet television radio usage⏫: Education of
child, Democratic awareness of adults. �बजली उपल� होगी तो मोबाइल इं टरनेट
टेली�वज़न का प्रयोग बढ़े, �जससे ब�ों क� �श�ा तथा वय� म� देश द�ु नया के समाचार और
चुनावी/लोकतां�त्रक जागृ�त बढ़ती है
⇒ Based on availability of above facilities → Arithmetic Mean (Average) → Bare Necessities Index
score will be computed → score range from 0 to 1. (उ� सु�वधाओं क� उपल�ता के िहसाब से औसत �नकाला
जाएगा और एक सूचकांक बनेगा)
⇒ Higher the score/value of index, better is the access to the bare necessities (सूचकांक म� �जतने �ादा
मा�र् �मल�गे वो अ�� बात होगी)
⇒ green, yellow and red, colors will be used in the maps show the level of a State in providing
access to bare necessities to its households. (भारत के नक़्शे पर �व�भ� रंगों म� इसे अंिकत िकया जाएगा)

⇒ Using above data, 📙📙📙📙ES21also created sub-indices such as Drinking Water Accessibility
Index, Sanitation Index etc [उ� डेटा क� मदद से आ�थक सव��ण ने कु छ और भी घटक-सूचकांक बना िदए जैसे पेयजल
उपल�ता सूचकांक, ��ता सूचकांक इ�ािद]
66.2.1 📊📊📊📊📊📊📊📊 BNI index Findings (सूचकांक से �ा त� सामने आए?)
😍😍Highest progress Kerala, Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, Uttarakhand, Delhi, Goa, Mizoram,Sikkim
😢😢Lowest progress Odisha, Jharkhand, West Bengal and Tripura (इन रा�ों म� प्रग�त अ�� नहीं)
Area wise Score is better for urban areas than rural areas (गाँव के मुक़ाबले शहरों म� ज़�री-
आव�कताएं अ�धक मात्रा म� उपल�)
⇒ Economic Survey appreciated schemes for ⏫ bare necessities such as Swachh Bharat Mission
(SBM), National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP), Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana
(PMAY), Saubhagya, and Ujjwala Yojana. [ज़�री आव�कता उपल� करवाने म� मोदी सरकार क� �व�वध योजनाओं
क� प्रशं सा क� गई- आ�थक सव��ण द्वारा]
⇒ BNI has ⏫ for all the states from 2018 (Modi-raj) compared to 2012 (Congress Raj).
Consequently, from 2012 to 2018’s National Family Health Surveys show ⏬in infant mortality,
health outcomes improved etc. Here 📙📙📙📙ES21’s tone is similar to Thalinomics (Ref Pillar4C).
कु ल �मलाकर 2012 क� तुलना मे 2018 म� ज़�री आव�कता सूचकांक म� बढ़ोतरी �ई. जो दशार्ती है िक कांग्रेस सरकार क� अपे�ा
मोदी सरकार ने बेहतर काम िकया. इससे पहले महँ गाई वाले थालीनो�म� मुद्दे म� भी आ�थक सव��ण कु छ ऐसी ही बात� कर चुका है.
66.2.2 📊📊📊📊📊📊📊📊 ✍BNI index Analysis: Conclusion / Significance? [�न�षर् /मह�]
⇒ Tracking BNI will help in following ways [इस सूचकांक पे �नगरानी रखने से �न� फ़ायदे होंग]े
⇒ SDG monitoring. E.g. Goal 6 focuses on water and sanitation, Goal 7 electricity and clean
cooking fuel. (सतत् �वकास ल�ों म� भारत क� प्रग�त पर �नगरानी म� मदद)
⇒ Schemes implementation can be improved with real time monitoring, geo-tagging of assets,
social audit, direct benefit transfers wherever possible. (इस सूचकांक द्वारा �मले आंकड़ों को देखते �ए �व�भ�
योजनाओं को �ादा प्रभावी �प से, �ादा सतकर् ता से लागू िकया जाए।)
⇒ Improved the Transparency, Accountability, Good-Governance. (पारद�शता, जवाबदेहीता और सुशासन म�
मदद होगी)
67 🌱🌱 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDG)

India has tasked NITI Aayog to monitor the SDG implementation in India, tie up with Union
ministries, State governments, academia, civil society & other stakeholders.
 2018-Dec: NITI prepared ‘Baseline (आधार रेखा) Report of the SDG India Index’, which contains
baseline vs targets to be achieved for each goal & how much progress by the States.
 Accordingly, NITI assigns “SDG Goal Score (0-100)” to each State & UT & classifies them into
following categories:
67.0 🌱🌱 📐📐 📊📊 NITI’S SDG INDIA INDEX: OVERALL SCORING

##
In the latest 2021-June’s report, NITI/Newspapers Then created multiple sub-index/categories
using the scores e.g. Which state is number one in drinking water, Solar panel etc. = but very poor
cost benefit in memorising all those factual GK.

Score → 2018’s Report 2019’s (Released in Dec’19) 2020’s (Relesed in 2021-Jun)##

Monitoring 13 goals 16 goals. 17 goals
Aspirant: 0- आकां�ी: Assam, Not any Not any
49 Bihar, UP
Performer: अ�ा प्रदशर्न: Among these most pathetic/lowest scorer is Bihar.
50-64 Remaining Others: Jharkhand, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Odisha
State/UT etc.
Front अग्रणी: ⇒ Best: Kerala(70) & ⇒ Best: Kerala(75) &
Runner: 65- Himachal, Chandigarh (70). Chandigarh (79).
99 Kerala, TN, ⇒ Then Himachal, Tamil ⇒ Himachal, Tamil Nadu,
Chandigarh & Nadu, Andhra, Andhra, Telangana,
Puducherry Telangana, Karnataka, Karnataka, Goa, Sikkim,
Goa, Sikkim, & Uttarakhand, Gujarat,
Puducherry = total 10 Maharashtra, Mizoram,
States/UT Punjab, Haryana, Tripura,
⇒ Puducherry, Delhi,
Lakshadweep, Andaman
and Nicobar, J&L, Ladakh
⇒ Total 22 State/UT
Achiever: 100 सफल: all SDG goals achieved but no one here YET.
67.1 🌱🌱 📔📔📔📔ES21 ON SDG & ENVIRONMENT

67.1.1 📙📙📙📙ES21 Climate Change damages Indian economy [जलवायु प�रवतर्न से भारतीय अथर्तंत्र को ख़तरा]
⇒ 2018- India lost US$ 37 billion due to cyclones, floods and landslides- said Global Climate Risk
Index (prepared by Germany-based think tank “greenwatch”)
⇒ International Labour Organisation says by 2030: Global warming ⏫→ Heat stress→ workers
will be able to do less work → jobloss, lower wages, construction sector will suffer. [गम� क� तीव्रता
बढ़ने से मज़दू र पहले से कम मात्रा म� काम कर पाएं गे, �जस से उनक� तन�ाह म� कमी होगी]
⇒ Solution? 1) Heat prevention measures for workers [खुले इलाक़े म� कायर्रत मज़दू रों को गम� से बचाने के �लए
प्रबं ध] 2) Insurance, pension, skilling for alternate jobs for workers in construction sector. [मकान
�नमार्ण �ेत्र के मज़दू रों को प�शन, बीमा, वैक��क रोज़गार के �लए कौशल प्र�श�ण िदया जाए.]
67.1.2 📙📙📙📙ES21: Climate Risk & Pandemic Risk Insurance need to be encouraged
जलवायु प�रवतर्न जो�खम तथा आपदा जो�खम के �ख़लाफ़ बीमा लेना ज़�री/ उसे प्रो�ािहत िकया जाए
⇒ 2003: SARS Virus outbreak. The organisers of Wimbledon tennis tournament had taken a
pandemic insurance. They received compensation = could use the money for covering up their
financial losses. [�वबं लडन टे�नस प्र�तयो�गता म� SARS महामारी के नुक़सान क� भरपाई- एसे बीमे से �ई थी]
⇒ Many farmers do not take crops insurance because poor / illterate, previous negative experience
of not receiving compensation, etc. Need to reform & Popularize PM-Fasal Bima Yojana (Ref
Pillar#1D) [कई िकसान फ़सल बीमा नहीं ले रहे �ोंिक उ�� जानकारी नहीं है/ या भूतकाल म� फ़सल नुक़सान पर बीमा कं पनी ने

मुआवज़ा नहीं िदया था, इस�लए �नराश/ठगे �ए िकसान फ़सल बीमा नहीं ख़रीदते. प्रधानमं त्री फ़सल बीमा योजना म� इसके �लए ज़�री
सुधार िकए जाएं .]
⇒ Karnataka state govt “Varun Mitra” weather advisory system = it informs both the farmer as well
as the insurance company about the upcoming adverse weather events. 📙📙📙📙ES21 appreciated
its efficient working, recommended its replication at all India level. [कनार्टक रा� सरकार द्वारा हवामान क�
जानकारी िकसानों और बीमा कं प�नयों को दी जाती है।ऐसी प्रणाली को पूरे भारत म� लागू िकया जाए- कहा आ�थक सव��ण ने]
67.1.3 📙📙📙📙ES21: solar energy misused for groundwater exploitation
⇒ KUSUM Scheme = farmers given subsidised solar pumps. (Ref Pillar5 Energy Infrastructure).
⇒ But then what if those are solar pumps are misused for overuse/exploitation of groundwater.
⇒ Therefore, such energy schemes must have provisions to encourage water conservation. [स��डी
पर �मले सोलर प� द्वारा यिद िकसान दे दनादन भू-जल का द�ु पयोग/ अ�तउपयोग कर� तो पयार्वरण/प्रकृ �त का फ़ायदा कम नुक़सान
�ादा है। इस�लए ऐसी योजनाओं म� ��-ऊजार् के साथ साथ जल-सं चय का भी �ाल रखना चािहए।]
68 🪒🪒WIN21: REJOINDER/ADDENDUM- PPT YES, HANDOUT NO

I started this Win21 Series in Mid-Feb-2021. Today we are in Oct-Week1. In between this time,
some developments occurred which are not in previous text-handouts of Win21 Series or PCB3
Batch such as
1) Non-Fungible Token, 8) General Insurance 11) Retrospective Tax
2) El-salvador bitcoin, Business Amendment,
3) RBI CPS Membership (Nationalisation) 12) Variable Capital
4) Monetary policy Amendment Bill, 2021 Companies (VCC),
Updates 9) Department of Public 13) Ordnance Factory
5) Sectoral On-Tap Enterprises (DPE) Board abolished &
Windows shifted to FinMin. Essential Defence
6) GSAP 10) Pradhan Mantri Services Bill ,
7) Payment Bank balance Swasthya Suraksha 14) E-Rupi (But, Covered
limit changed IBC Nidhi, in Pillar6 HDT)
Prepack, DICGC Bill,
Above will be covered in Powerpoint of last video lecture in the series schedule on 5th Oct, 2021.
⇒ https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-win21-economy-final-roundup-b4-prelims-
endgame/PSEWT7AG (FREE Unlock Code “Mrunal.org”)
⇒ Presently, don’t want to break structure of the systematic/structured/Pillarwise PDFs of Win21
series, with one more rejoinder/addendum PDF containing khichdi of all pillars.
⇒ So, I'll add above topics in 'text-handout' of respective pillars in Win22 next year.
कु ल �मलाकर बात यह है िक उ� टॉ�पक आज रात के ले�र के पावर पॉइंट म� म� पढ़ा दू ंगा, लेिकन ह�ड आउट म� नहीं डाल रहा �ं .

68.0 🔠🔠❓MOCK QUESTIONS FOR PRELIMS
As such, I don’t like spoonfeeding Hints/ Answers but prelim exam is near so I
don’t want students wasting time/BP searching answers on internet.
🔠🔠❓Broadly both birth and death rates are low in _ _ _ stage of demographic transition model?
[UPSC-CAPF-2021]
(a) High stationary (b) Early expanding stage (c) Late expanding (d) Low stationary stage
💡💡Hint: Word association “LOW” not matching with “Expanding” or “High” . Eliminate.
🔠🔠❓Which one of the following is a pull factor for migration? [UPSC-CAPF-2021]

(a) Natural disaster (b) High wage (c) Housing shortage (d) Low income
💡💡Hint: What do u think will ‘ATTRACT’ people to come?
🔠🔠❓The widespread deaths due to starvation and epidemics are the characteristics of _ _ _ .
[UPSC-CAPF-2021] (a) famine (b) poverty (c) civil war (d) malnutrition
💡💡Hint: [NCERT Class9 Social Science] Famine is characterised by wide spread deaths due to
starvation and epidemics caused by forced use of contaminated water or decaying food and loss of
body resistance due to weakening from starvation.
🔠🔠❓Which one of the following States ranked first on Sustainable Development Goal India
Index, 2020-21 released by NITI Aayog? [UPSC-CAPF-2021]
(a) Himachal Pradesh (b) Tamil Nadu (c) Kerala (d) Goa
💡💡Hint: Kiskaa Model bahut “Mahaan” hai? as per theHindu columnists?
🔠🔠❓NIDHI is an umbrella scheme for the promotion of (CDS-2021-i)

(a) young and aspiring innovators. (b) scientific research.
(c) primary health care. (d) primary education in rural areas.
Hint: Nidhi mein “i” for “_ _ _ ” word association kro.
🔠🔠❓Which one of the following statements about the DDU – GKY is not correct?(CDS-2021-i)
(a) It is a skill training programme. (b) It is for rural youth from poor families.
(c) Its objective is placement in wage employment.
(d) It relies entirely on skill training by Government agencies.
💡💡Hint: Guessmaster-giri rule#1 https://mrunal.org/gm#1
🔠🔠❓Which one of the following approaches of human development was initially proposed by the

International Labour Organisation (ILO) and emphasised on health, education, food, water supply,
sanitation and housing ? (CDS-2021-i)
(a) Welfare approach (b) Basic needs approach
(c) Income approach (d) Capability approach
[💡💡Hint: UPSC lifted from 11-12 NCERT Human Geography. Roti-Paani-Makaan basic needs?]
🔠🔠❓ Find correct Statements. [UPSC-IES-2021]

1. NISHTHA is a teachers training program.
2. SVANidhi is a scheme to facilitate artisans to access affordable working capital load.
3. SATYABHAMA is a scheme to promote research and development in science and technology.
4. Manodarpan is a scheme to promote tourism in rural parts of India.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 4 only (c) 3 and 4 only (d) 2 only
[💡💡Hint: UPSC professor not drafted properly. Satyabhama for mining research but by elimination
accept as true. Manodarpan= schoolkids who lost mind playing too much PUBG in Corona, Ref
Win20 series Pillar6. Svanidhi for Street vendor, Ref Pillar1D Handout]
🔠🔠❓Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding the National Education Policy
2020 in India? [Asked in UPSC-IES-2021]
(a) It proposes sweeping changes in the Education system from pre-primary to PhD and skill
development.
(b) universities from among top 100 in the world will be able to set up campuses in India
(c) It expects that India will achieve 60% GER by 2030
(d) It suggests NAAC to be merged with UGC and AICTE
[💡💡Hint: Win20 Series Pillar6 Handout OR Guessmaster-giri rule#1 https://mrunal.org/gm#1]
🔠🔠❓ National Institutional Ranking Framework 2021, ____ got overall top ranking? [IES-2021]
(a) Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (b) Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru
(c) Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (d) Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
🔠🔠❓ Economic survey 2020-21 has designed a Bare Necessities Index for poor households with 5
dimensions. Which of the following dimensions are measured in it? (आ�थक सव��ण 2020-21 ने गरीब
प�रवारों के �लए पांच आयामों वाले बु�नयादी आव�कता सूचकांक तैयार िकया है इससे िकस आयाम को मापा जाता है)
1. Water and Sanitation ( जल और ��ता) 2. Housing (आवास)
3. Ownership of Land and Cattle (भू�म और मवे�शयों का �ा�म�) 4. Micro-Environment ( सू� पयार्वरण)
Answer Codes: a) only 1, 2 and 3 [b) only 2 and 4 [c) only 3 [d) only 1, 2 and 4
🔠🔠❓Find correct statement(s) about Global Gender Gap Report 2021. (सही कथन खोज�)

1. Global Gender Gap Report is published by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
(�ोबल ज�डर गैप �रपोटर् सं यु� रा�� वकास कायर्क्रम (यूएनडीपी) द्वारा प्रका�शत क� जाती है)
2. Iceland obtained the first rank. (आइसल�ड ने प्रथम �ान प्रा� िकया है )
3. India’s rank is 140. (भारत का �ान 140 है)
4. India’s rank has improved compared to last year. (�पछले साल क� तुलना म� भारत क� र�क म� सुधार �आ है)
Answer Codes: a) Only 1 and 3 [b) Only 3 and 4 [c) Only 1 and 4 [d) Only 2 and 3
68.1 📡📡MRUNAL’S ECONOMY COURSE FOR UPSC PRELIMS & MAINS

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69 � MAINS ANSWER WRITING KI PIPUDI🎺🎺🎺🎺
During Corona pandemic the response of Government of India was focused first on MOCK
saving lives and then on saving livelihoods. Elaborate (कोरोना महामारी के दौरान भारत सरकार क�
प्र�तिक्रया पहले जीवन बचाने और िफर आजी�वका बचाने पर क� िद्रत थी)
Healthcare sector of India is marked by lower level of accountability and transparency MOCK
compared to the first world countries. Suggest some novel ways to fix this. [भारत का �ा�
सेवा �ेत्र म� प्रथम �व� के देशों क� तुलना म� �न� �र क� जवाबदेही और पारद�शता है। इसे ठीक करने के �लए कु छ नए
तरीके सुझाएं ।]
Even though there is an inverse relationship between the economic growth and equality, MOCK
it is necessary for India to pursue higher level of economic growth. Do you agree? Justify

your stand. (भले ही आ�थक वृ�द्ध और समानता के बीच एक �वपरीत सं बं ध है, भारत के �लए आ�थक वृ�द्ध के उ�
�र का पीछा करना आव�क है। �ा आप सहमत ह�? अपने मं त� को ता�कक �पसे समझाइए.।)
“E-rupi increases the efficacy of Direct-Benefit Transfer by making the entitlement more MOCK
targeted and leak-proof.” Substantiate/Elucidate. (ई-�पी पात्रता को अ�धक ल��त और �रसाव-मु�
बनाकर प्र��-लाभ अंतरण क� प्रभावका�रता को बढ़ाता है. उदाहरण द्वारा सा�बत क��जए)
COVID-19 pandemic accelerated class inequalities and poverty in India. Comment. 2020
(को�वड -19 महामारी ने भारत म� वगर् असमानताओं एवं गरीबी को ग�त दे दी है । िटप�ी क��जए )
“The incidence and intensity of poverty are more important in determining poverty 2020
based on income alone”. In this context analyse the latest United Nations GS2
Multidimensional Poverty Index Report. ("के वल आय पर आधा�रत गरीबी के �नधार्रण म� गरीबी का
आपतन और तीव्रता अ�धक मह�पूणर् है"। इस स�भर् म� सं यु� रा�� ब�आयामी गरीबी सूचकांक क� नवीनतम �रपोटर् का
�व�ेषण क��जए ।)
In order to enhance the prospects of social development, sound and adequate health care 2020
policies are needed particularly in the fields of geriatric and maternal health care. GS2
Discuss. (साम�जक �वकास क� सं भावनाओं को बढ़ने के क्रम म�, �वशेषकर जरा�चिक�ा एवं मातृ �ा� देखभाल के
�ेत्र म� सु�ढ़ और पयार्� �ा� देखभाल स��ी नी�तयों क� आव�कता है l �ववेचन क��जए ।) GSM2-2020
How have digital initiatives in India contributed to the functioning of the educational 2020
system in the country? Elaborate your answer. (भारत म� िड�जटल पहल ने िकस प्रकार से देश क� �श�ा GS1
�व�ा के सं चालन म� योगदान िकया है? �व�ृत उ�र दी�जए ।) GSM1-2020. This is not typing mistake.
UPSC indeed asked this in GSM1 even though not ‘fitting’ in syllabus of GSM1.
National Education Policy 2020 is in conformity with the Sustainable Development 2020
Goal-4 (2030). It intends to restructure and reorient education system in India. Critically GS2
examine the statement. (रा�ी� य �श�ा �न�त 2020 धारणीय �वकास ल�-4 (२०3०) के साथ अनु�पता म� है ।
उसका �ेय भारत म� �श�ा प्रणाली क� पुनःसं रचना और पुनः�ापना है l इस कथन का समालोचना�क �न�र�ण क��जए)
Explain intra-generational and inter-generational issues of equity from the perspective 2020
of inclusive growth and sustainable development. (समावेशी सं वृ�द्ध एवं सं पोषणीय �वकास के प�रप्रे�
म�, आंतपीढ़ी एवं अंतपीढ़ी सा�ा के �वषयों क� �ा�ा क��जए।)
70 📆📆STAY TUNED FOR UPCOMING EVENTS

📆📆October-2021  Answerkey, Analysis, Future Strategy After Prelims-2021 at
Week2 https://Mrunal.org/Prelims
📆📆October-2021 to  Mains Model Answers for GSM-2020 (last years Mains exam) at
January-2022 https://Mrunal.org/Mains
📆📆October Week4  Next Full length Economy Batch targeting UPSC Prelims &
Mains-2021 at https://unacademy.com/@mrunal.org
📆📆Feb 2022 onwards  (FREE) Win22 Series for economy updates for Prelims &
Mains-2021 at https://Mrunal.org/Download

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💾💾 Download Handout from Mrunal.org/DOWNLOAD OR Telegram: https://t.

Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Pillar#6: HRD- Health, Education, Poverty, SDG

Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Series Pillar#6: HRD→ Page 172

60 👫👫HRD → Census (जनगणना) ............................................................................................................................175

Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Series Pillar#6: HRD→ Page 173

Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Series Pillar#6: HRD→ Page 174

67.0 🌱🌱 📐📐 📊📊 NITI’s SDG India Index: overall scoring..........................................................................201

60 👫👫HRD → CENSUS (जनगणना)

Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Series Pillar#6: HRD→ Page 175

60.2 👫👫👫👫DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS → NAT. FAMILY HEALTH SURVEY (NFHS-5)

Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Series Pillar#6: HRD→ Page 176

61 💊💊 HRD → HEALTH (�ा�)

61.0.2 🦗🦗🦗🦗🦗🦗 Communicable Diseases: Malaria free country:

Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Series Pillar#6: HRD→ Page 177

61.0.5 💸💸💸🍽🍽15th FC: Sector Specific Grants (�ेत्र-�व�श� अनुदान)-Health

Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Series Pillar#6: HRD→ Page 178

(More in 📑📑Pillar#2B) Report#2: (2021-26) Amount

Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Series Pillar#6: HRD→ Page 179

Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Series Pillar#6: HRD→ Page 180

61.2 😷😷📔📔📔📔ES21VOL1CH1- CORONA SAVING LIVES & LIVELIHOOD

Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Series Pillar#6: HRD→ Page 181

🎓🎓Homework: Corona science tech / vaccination angles

Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Series Pillar#6: HRD→ Page 182

61.5 👻👻👻👻: 💊💊💊💊💊💊: CORONA → HEALTH APPS / PORTAL / ORG

Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Series Pillar#6: HRD→ Page 183

Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Series Pillar#6: HRD→ Page 184

61.5.3 💊💊😷😷 → Health: Corona related Drugs/Kits

61.6 🍴🍴 HRD → HEALTH → HUNGER, MALNUTRITION, FOOD SECURITY

61.6.1 🍴🍴📯📯📯📯:💳💳 → Hunger → NFSA → One Nation One Ration Card

Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Series Pillar#6: HRD→ Page 185

61.6.4 🍴🍴🍴🍴 → Global Hunger Index (GHI: वै��क भूख/�ुधा सूचकांक)

Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Series Pillar#6: HRD→ Page 186

62 🎓🎓HRD → EDUCATION (�श�ा)

✅ Edu Policy=Already Learned in Win20 Series.

62.1 🎓🎓EDU → NIPUN BHARAT

Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Series Pillar#6: HRD→ Page 187

- �Boss? Education ministry.

Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Series Pillar#6: HRD→ Page 188

🎓🎓QS Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) World University Rankings by UK based org

Meaning & Significance:

64 🤲🤲💸💸 HRD → POVERTY (गरीबी)

Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Series Pillar#6: HRD→ Page 189

Physical Government ⇒ 😰😰Minister/IAS demand bribe from

64.0.2 �💸💸💸💸 E-Rupi: How does it fix Problems in Physical Procurement/DBT?

Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Series Pillar#6: HRD→ Page 190

64.1 📙📙📙📙📙📙⚡👷👷 ⏫ECONOMIC GROWTH TO ⏬POVERTY SAYS 📙📙📙📙ES21

Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Series Pillar#6: HRD→ Page 191

Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Series Pillar#6: HRD→ Page 192

Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Series Pillar#6: HRD→ Page 193

64.1.5 🤲🤲💸💸📏📏 Global Wealth Report 2020 released in 2020-Oct

65 👩👩 HRD/EDU → WEAKER SECTION → WOMEN & CHILDREN

65.0 👶👶 HRD WEAKER SECTION → ORPHAN CHILDREN

Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Series Pillar#6: HRD→ Page 194

Sr Umbrella Scheme Schemes included Amt 2021

Mrunal’s Economy Win21 Series Pillar#6: HRD→ Page 195

65.3 👩👩👩📊📊 REPORT → WEF → GLOBAL GENDER GAP REPORT

👴👴 ♿ HRD/EDU → WEAKER SECTION → ELDERLY/PH

👴👴 SAGE Initiative - �Boss? Social Justice Ministry