1.5: Chapter 1 Exercises With Solutions: Exercise

1.
5: Chapter 1 Exercises with Solutions

In Exercises 1.5.1 - 1.5.8, find the prime factorization of the given natural number.
Exercise 1.5.1
80
Answer
80 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 5
Exercise 1.5.2
108
Exercise 1.5.3
180
Answer
180 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 5
Exercise 1.5.4
160
Exercise 1.5.5
128
Answer
128 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2
Exercise 1.5.6
192
Exercise 1.5.7
32
Answer
32 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2
Exercise 1.5.8
72
In Exercises 1.5.9-1.5.16, convert the given decimal to a fraction.
11/16/2020 1.5.1 https://math.libretexts.org/@go/page/22266

Exercise 1.5.9
0.648
Answer
There are three decimal places, so 0.648 = 648
1000
=
81
125
Exercise 1.5.10
0.62
Exercise 1.5.11
0.240
Answer
1000
=
6
25
Exercise 1.5.12
0.90
Exercise 1.5.13
0.14
Answer
There are two decimal places, so 0.14 = 14
100
=
7
50
Exercise 1.5.14
0.760
Exercise 1.5.15
0.888
Answer
1000
=
111
125
Exercise 1.5.16
0.104
In Exercises 1.5.17-1.5.24, convert the given repeating decimal to a fraction.
Exercise 1.5.17
¯
¯¯¯
¯
0. 27

Answer
¯
¯¯¯
¯ ¯
¯¯¯
¯
Let x = 0. 27. Then 100x = 27. 27. Subtracting on both sides of these equations.
¯
¯¯¯
¯
100x = 27. 27
¯
¯¯¯
¯
x = 0. 27
yields 99x = 27. Finally, solve for x by dividing by 99 : x = 27
99
=
3
11
.
Exercise 1.5.18
¯
¯¯¯¯¯¯
¯
0. 171
Exercise 1.5.19
¯
¯¯¯
¯
0. 24
Answer
¯
¯¯¯
¯ ¯
¯¯¯
¯
Let x = 0. 24. Then 100x = 24. 24. Subtracting on both sides of these equations
¯
¯¯¯
¯
100x = 24. 24
¯
¯¯¯
¯
x = 0. 24
99
=
8
33
Exercise 1.5.20
¯
¯¯¯¯¯¯
¯
0. 882
Exercise 1.5.21
¯
¯¯¯
¯
0. 84
Answer
¯
¯¯¯
¯ ¯
¯¯¯
¯
¯¯¯¯¯
¯
100x = 84. .84
¯
¯¯¯
¯
x = 0. 84
99
=
28
33
Exercise 1.5.22
¯
¯¯¯¯¯¯
¯
0. 384
Exercise 1.5.23
¯
¯¯¯
¯
0. 63
Answer
¯
¯¯¯
¯ ¯
¯¯¯
¯

¯
¯¯¯
¯
100x = 63. 63
¯
¯¯¯
¯
x = 0. 63
99
=
7
11
Exercise 1.5.24
¯
¯¯¯
¯
0. 60
Exercise 1.5.25
–
Prove that √3 is irrational.
Answer
–
Suppose that √3 is rational. Then it can be expressed as the ratio of two integers p and q as follows:
– p
√3 = (1.5.1)
q
Square both sides,

2
p
3 = (1.5.2)
2
q
then clear the equation of fractions by multiplying both sides by q : 2
2 2
p = 3q (1.5.3)
Now p and q each have their own unique prime factorizations. Both p and q have an even number of factors in their
2 2
prime factorizations. But this contradicts equation (1), because the left side would have an even number of factors in
its prime factorization, while the right side would have an odd number of factors in its prime factorization (there’s one
extra 3 on the right side).
– –
Therefore, our assumption that √3 was rational is false. Thus, √3 is irrational.
Exercise 1.5.26
–
Prove that √5 is irrational.
In Exercises 1.5.27-1.5.30, copy the given table onto your homework paper. In each row, place a check mark in each column
that is appropriate. That is, if the number at the start of the row is rational, place a check mark in the rational column. Note:
Most (but not all) rows will have more than one check mark.
Exercise 1.5.27
N W Z Q R
-2
-2/3
0.15
¯
¯¯
0. 2
–
√5

Answer
N W Z Q R
0 x x x x
-2 x x x
-2/3 x x
0.15 x x
¯
¯¯
0. 2 x x
–
√5 x
Exercise 1.5.28
N W Z Q R
10/2
-6
¯
¯¯
0. 9
–
√2
0.37
Exercise 1.5.29
N W Z Q R
-4/3
12
0
−−
√11
¯
¯¯
1.3
6/2
Answer
N W Z Q R
-4/3 x x
12 x x x x x
0 x x x x
−−
√11 x
¯
¯
1.3
¯
x x
6/2 x x x x x
Exercise 1.5.30
N W Z Q R

-3/5
−−
√10
1.625
10/2
0/5
11
In Exercises 1.5.31-1.5.42, consider the given statement and determine whether it is true or false. Write a sentence explaining
your answer. In particular, if the statement is false, try to give an example that contradicts the statement.
Exercise 1.5.31
All natural numbers are whole numbers.
Answer
True. The only difference between the two sets is that the set of whole numbers contains the number 0.
Exercise 1.5.32
All whole numbers are rational numbers.
Exercise 1.5.33
All rational numbers are integers.
Answer
False. For example, 1
2
is not an integer.
Exercise 1.5.34
All rational numbers are whole numbers.
Exercise 1.5.35
Some natural numbers are irrational.
Answer
False. All natural numbers are rational, and therefore not irrational.
Exercise 1.5.36
Some whole numbers are irrational.
Exercise 1.5.37
Some real numbers are irrational.
Answer
True. For example, π and √2 are real numbers which are irrational.

Exercise 1.5.38
All integers are real numbers.
Exercise 1.5.39
All integers are rational numbers.
Answer
True. Every integer b can be written as a fraction b/1.
Exercise 1.5.40
No rational numbers are natural numbers.
Exercise 1.5.41
No real numbers are integers.
Answer
False. For example, 2 is a real number that is also an integer.
Exercise 1.5.42
All whole numbers are natural numbers.
In Exercises 1.5.43-1.5.54, solve each of the given equations for x.
Exercise 1.5.43
45x + 12 = 0
Answer
45x + 12 = 0
⟹ 45x = −12
12 4
⟹ x =− =−
45 15
Exercise 1.5.44
76x − 55 = 0
Exercise 1.5.45
x − 7 = −6x + 4
Answer

x − 7 = −6x + 4
⟹ x + 6x = 4 + 7
⟹ 7x = 11
11
⟹ x =
7
Exercise 1.5.46
−26x + 84 = 48
Exercise 1.5.47
37x + 39 = 0
Answer
37x + 39 = 0
⟹ 37x = −39
39
⟹ x =−
37
Exercise 1.5.48
−48x + 95 = 0
Exercise 1.5.49
74x − 6 = 91
Answer
74x − 6 = 91
⟹ 74x = 97
97
⟹ x =
74
Exercise 1.5.50
−7x + 4 = −6
Exercise 1.5.51
−88x + 13 = −21
Answer
− 88x + 13 = −21
⟹ − 88x = −34
−34 17
⟹ x = =
−88 44
Exercise 1.5.52
−14x − 81 = 0

Exercise 1.5.53
19x + 35 = 10
Answer
19x + 35 = 10
⟹ 19x = −25
25
⟹ x =−
19
Exercise 1.5.54
−2x + 3 = −5x − 2
In Exercises 1.5.55-1.5.66, solve each of the given equations for x.
Exercise 1.5.55
6 − 3(x + 1) = −4(x + 6) + 2
Answer
6 − 3(x + 1) = −4(x + 6) + 2
⟹ 6 − 3x − 3 = −4x − 24 + 2
⟹ − 3x + 3 = −4x − 22
⟹ − 3x + 4x = −22 − 3
⟹ x = −25
Exercise 1.5.56
(8x + 3) − (2x + 6) = −5x + 8
Exercise 1.5.57
−7 − (5x − 3) = 4(7x + 2)
− 7 − (5x − 3) = 4(7x + 2)
⟹ − 7 − 5x + 3 = 28x + 8
⟹ − 5x − 4 = 28x + 8
⟹ − 5x − 28x = 8 + 4
⟹ − 33x = 12
12 4
⟹ x =− =−
33 11
Exercise 1.5.58
−3 − 4(x + 1) = 2(x + 4) + 8
Exercise 1.5.59
9 − (6x − 8) = −8(6x − 8)

Answer
9 − (6x − 8) = −8(6x − 8)
⟹ 9 − 6x + 8 = −48x + 64
⟹ − 6x + 17 = −48x + 64
⟹ − 6x + 48x = 64 − 17
⟹ 42x = 47
47
⟹ x =
42
Exercise 1.5.60
−9 − (7x − 9) = −2(−3x + 1)
Exercise 1.5.61
(3x − 1) − (7x − 9) = −2x − 6
Answer
(3x − 1) − (7x − 9) = −2x − 6
⟹ 3x − 1 − 7x + 9 = −2x − 6
⟹ − 4x + 8 = −2x − 6
⟹ − 4x + 2x = −6 − 8
⟹ − 2x = −14
⟹ x =7
Exercise 1.5.62
−8 − 8(x − 3) = 5(x + 9) + 7
Exercise 1.5.63
(7x − 9) − (9x + 4) = −3x + 2
Answer
(7x − 9) − (9x + 4) = −3x + 2
⟹ 7x − 9 − 9x − 4 = −3x + 2
⟹ − 2x − 13 = −3x + 2
⟹ − 2x + 3x = 2 + 13
⟹ x = 15
Exercise 1.5.64
(−4x − 6) + (−9x + 5) = 0
Exercise 1.5.65
−5 − (9x + 4) = 8(−7x − 7)
Answer

−5 − (9x + 4) = 8(−7x − 7)
⟹ −5 − 9x − 4 = −56x − 56
⟹ −9x − 9 = −56x − 56
(1.5.4)
⟹ −9x + 56x = −56 + 9
⟹ 47x = −47
⟹ x = −1
Exercise 1.5.66
(8x − 3) + (−3x + 9) = −4x − 7
In Exercises 1.5.67-1.5.78, solve each of the given equations for x. Check your solutions using your calculator.
Exercise 1.5.67
−3.7x − 1 = 8.2x − 5
Answer
First clear decimals by multiplying by 10.
− 3.7x − 1 = 8.2x − 5
⟹ − 37x − 10 = 82x − 50
⟹ − 37x − 82x = −50 + 10
⟹ − 119x = −40
40
⟹ x =
119
Here is a check of the solutions on the graphing calculator. The left-hand side of the equation is evaluated at the
solution in (a), the right-hand side of the equation is evaluated at the solution in (b). Note that they match.
Exercise 1.5.68
8.48x − 2.6 = −7.17x − 7.1
Exercise 1.5.69
2 4
− x +8 = x +4
3 5
Answer
First clear fractions by multiplying by 15.

2 4
− x +8 = x +4
3 5
⟹ − 10x + 120 = 12x + 60
⟹ − 10x − 12x = 60 − 120
⟹ − 22x = −60
−60 30
⟹ x = =
−22 11
Exercise 1.5.70
−8.4x = −4.8x + 2
Exercise 1.5.71
3 1
− x +9 = x +7
2 4
Answer
3 1
− x +9 = x +7
2 4
⟹ − 6x + 36 = x + 28
⟹ − 6x − x = 28 − 36
⟹ − 7x = −8
8
⟹ x =
7
Exercise 1.5.72

2.9x − 4 = 0.3x − 8
Exercise 1.5.73
5.45x + 4.4 = 1.12x + 1.6
Answer
5.45x + 4.4 = 1.12x + 1.6
⟹ 545x + 440 = 112x + 160
⟹ 545x − 112x = 160 − 440
⟹ 433x = −280
280
⟹ x =−
433
Exercise 1.5.74
1 4
− x +5 = − x −4
4 5
Exercise 1.5.75
3 2
− x −8 = x −2
2 5
Answer
3 2
− x −8 = x −2
2 5
⟹ − 15x − 80 = 4x − 20
⟹ − 15x − 4x = −20 + 80
⟹ − 19x = 60
60
⟹ x =−
19

Exercise 1.5.76
4 1
− x −8 = − x +5
3 4
Exercise 1.5.77
−4.34x − 5.3 = 5.45x − 8.1
Answer
− 4.34x − 5.3 = 5.45x − 8.1
⟹ − 434x − 530 = 545x − 810
⟹ − 434x − 545x = −810 + 530
⟹ − 979x = −280
280
⟹ x =
979
Exercise 1.5.78
2 1
x −3 = − x −1
3 4
In Exercises 1.5.79-50, solve each of the given equations for the indicated variable.
Exercise 1.5.79
P = IRT for R
Answer

P = I RT
⟹ P = (I T )R
P (I T )R
⟹ =
IT IT
P
⟹ =R
IT
Exercise 1.5.80
d = vt for t
Exercise 1.5.81
v = v0 + at for a
Answer
v = v0 + at
⟹ v − v0 = at
v − v0
⟹ =a
t
Exercise 1.5.82
x = v0 + vt for v
Exercise 1.5.83
Ax + By = C for y
Answer
Ax + By = C
⟹ By = C − Ax
C − Ax
⟹ y =
B
Exercise 1.5.84
y = mx + b for x
Exercise 1.5.85
A = πr
2
for π
Answer
2
A = πr
A
⟹ =π
2
r
Exercise 1.5.86
S = 2π r
2
+ 2πrh for h

Exercise 1.5.87
kqq
F =
r2
0
for k
Answer
kqq0
F =
r2
2
⟹ Fr = kq q0
2
Fr
⟹ =k
qq0
Exercise 1.5.88
Q
C =
mT
for T
Exercise 1.5.89
V
t
=k for t
Answer
V
=k
t
⟹ V = kt
V
⟹ =t
k
Exercise 1.5.90
λ =
h
mv
for v
Exercise 1.5.91
P1 V1 P2 V2
n1 T1
=
n2 T2
for V2
Answer
Cross multiply, then divide by the coefficient of V .
2
P1 V1 P2 V2
=
n1 T1 n2 T2
⟹ n2 P1 V1 T2 = n1 P2 V2 T1
n2 P1 V1 T2
⟹ = V2
n1 P2 T1
Exercise 1.5.92
π =
nRT
V
i for n
Exercise 1.5.93

Tie a ball to a string and whirl it around in a circle with constant speed. It is known that the acceleration of the ball is
directly toward the center of the circle and given by the formula
2
v
a = (1.5.5)
r
where a is acceleration, v is the speed of the ball, and r is the radius of the circle of motion.
i. Solve formula (1) for r.
ii. Given that the acceleration of the ball is 12 m/s2 and the speed is 8 m/s, find the radius of the circle of motion.
Answer
Cross multiply, then divide by the coefficient of r.
2
v
a =
r
2
ar = v
2
v
r =
a
To find the radius, substitute the acceleration a = 12m/s and speed v = 8 m/s.
2
2 2
v (8) 64 16
r = = = = (1.5.6)
a 12 12 3
Hence, the radius is r = 16/3m, or 5 1
3
meters.
Exercise 1.5.94
A particle moves along a line with constant acceleration. It is known the velocity of the particle, as a function of the
amount of time that has passed, is given by the equation
v = v0 + at (1.5.7)
where v is the velocity at time t, v0 is the initial velocity of the particle (at time t = 0), and a is the acceleration of the
particle.
i. Solve formula (2) for t.
ii. You know that the current velocity of the particle is 120 m/s. You also know that the initial velocity was 40 m/s and the
acceleration has been a constant a = 2m/s . How long did it take the particle to reach its current velocity?
2
Exercise 1.5.95
Like Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation, the force of attraction (repulsion) between two unlike (like) charged
particles is proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the distance between them.
q1 q2
F = kC (1.5.8)
2
r
In this formula, k ≈ 8.988 × 10 Nm /C and is called the electrostatic constant. The variables q1 and q2 represent the
C
9 2 2
charges (in Coulombs) on the particles (which could either be positive or negative numbers) and r represents the distance
(in meters) between the charges. Finally, F represents the force of the charge, measured in Newtons.
i. Solve formula (3) for r.
ii. Given a force F = 2.0 × 10
12
N , two equal charges q1 = q2 = 1C , find the approximate distance between the two
charged particles.
Answer

Cross multiply, then divide by the coefficient of r.
q1 q2
F = kC
2
r
2
Fr = kC q1 q2
kC q1 q2
2
r =
F
Finally, to find r, take the square root.

−−−−− −
kC q1 q2
r =√ (1.5.9)
F
To find the distance between the charged particles, substitute k C

9 2
= 8.988 × 10 Nm / C
2
,
q = q = 1C, and F = 2.0 × 10 N .
12
1 2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
9
(8.988 × 10 ) (1)(1)
r =√ (1.5.10)
12
2.0 × 10
A calculator produces an approximation, r ≈ 0.067 meters.
Perform each of the following tasks in Exercises 1.5.96-1.5.99.

i. Write out in words the meaning of the symbols which are written in setbuilder notation.
ii. Write some of the elements of this set.
iii. Draw a real line and plot some of the points that are in this set.
Exercise 1.5.96
A = {x ∈ N : x > 10}
Answer
i. A is the set of all x in the natural numbers such that x is greater than 10.
ii. A = {11, 12, 13, 14, …}
iii.
Exercise 1.5.97
B = {x ∈ N : x ≥ 10}
Exercise 1.5.98
C = {x ∈ Z : x ≤ 2}

Answer
i. C is the set of all x in the integers such that x is less than or equal to 2.
ii. C = {… , −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2}
iii.
Exercise 1.5.99
D = {x ∈ Z : x > −3}
In Exercises 1.5.100-1.5.103, use the sets A, B, C, and D that were defined in Exercises 1.5.96-1.5.99. Describe the following
sets using set notation, and draw the corresponding Venn Diagram.
Exercise 1.5.100
A∩B
Answer
A ∩ B = {x ∈ N : x > 10} = {11, 12, 13, …}
Exercise 1.5.101
A∪B
Exercise 1.5.102
A∪C
Answer
A ∪ C = {x ∈ Z : x ≤ 2 or x > 10} = {… , −3, −2 − 1, 0, 1, 2, 11, 12, 13 …}
Exercise 1.5.103
C ∩D
In Exercises 1.5.104-1.5.111, use both interval and set notation to describe the interval shown on the graph.

Exercise 1.5.104
Answer
The filled circle at the endpoint 3 indicates this point is included in the set. Thus, the set in interval notation is [3, ∞),
and in set notation {x : x ≥ 3} .
Exercise 1.5.105
Exercise 1.5.106
Answer
The empty circle at the endpoint −7 indicates this point is not included in the set. Thus, the set in interval notation is
(−∞, −7) , and in set notation is {x : x < −7} .
Exercise 1.5.107
Exercise 1.5.108
Answer
The empty circle at the endpoint 0 indicates this point is not included in the set. Thus, the set in interval notation is
(0, ∞) , and in set notation is {x : x > 0} .
Exercise 1.5.109
Exercise 1.5.110
Answer

The empty circle at the endpoint −8 indicates this point is not included in the set. Thus, the set in interval notation is
(−8, ∞) , and in set notation is {x : x > −8} .
Exercise 1.5.111
In Exercises 1.5.112-1.5.119, sketch the graph of the given interval.
Exercise 1.5.112
[2, 5)
Answer
Exercise 1.5.113
(−3, 1]
Exercise 1.5.114
[1, ∞)
Answer
Exercise 1.5.115
(−∞, 2)
Exercise 1.5.116
{x : −4 < x < 1}
Answer
Exercise 1.5.117
{x : 1 ≤ x ≤ 5}
Exercise 1.5.118

{x : x < −2}
Answer
Exercise 1.5.119
{x : x ≥ −1}
In Exercises 1.5.120-1.5.127, use both interval and set notation to describe the intersection of the two intervals shown on the
graph. Also, sketch the graph of the intersection on the real number line.
Exercise 1.5.120
Answer
The intersection is the set of points that are in both intervals (shaded on both graphs). Graph of the intersection:
[1, ∞) = {x : x ≥ 1}
Exercise 1.5.121
Exercise 1.5.122
Answer
There are no points that are in both intervals (shaded in both), so there is no intersection. Graph of the intersection:
no intersection
Exercise 1.5.123

Exercise 1.5.124
Answer
The intersection is the set of points that are in both intervals (shaded in both). Graph of the intersection:
[−6, 2] = {x : −6 ≤ x ≤ 2}
Exercise 1.5.125
Exercise 1.5.126
Answer
The intersection is the set of points that are in both intervals (shaded in both). Graph of the intersection:
[9, ∞) = {x : x ≥ 9}
Exercise 1.5.127
In Exercises 1.5.128-1.5.135, use both interval and set notation to describe the union of the two intervals shown on the graph.
Also, sketch the graph of the union on the real number line.
Exercise 1.5.128

Answer
The union is the set of all points that are in one interval or the other (shaded in either graph). Graph of the union:
(−∞, −8] = {x : x ≤ −8}
Exercise 1.5.129
Exercise 1.5.130
Answer
The union is the set of all points that are in one interval or the other (shaded in either graph). Graph of the union:
(−∞, 9] ∪ (15, ∞)
= {x : x ≤ 9 or x > 15}
Exercise 1.5.131
Exercise 1.5.132
Answer
The union is the set of all points that are in one interval or the other (shaded in either). Graph of the union:

(−∞, 3) = {x : x < 3}
Exercise 1.5.133
Exercise 1.5.134
Answer
The union is the set of all points that are in one interval or the other (shaded in either). Graph of the union:
[9, ∞) = {x : x ≥ 9}
Exercise 1.5.135
In Exercises 1.5.136-56, use interval notation to describe the given set. Also, sketch the graph of the set on the real number
line.
Exercise 1.5.136
{x : x ≥ −6 and x > −5}
Answer
This set is the same as {x : x > −5} , which is (−5, ∞) in interval notation. Graph of the set:
Exercise 1.5.137
{x : x ≤ 6 and x ≥ 4}

Exercise 1.5.138
{x : x ≥ −1 or x < 3}
Answer
Every real number is in one or the other of the two intervals. Therefore, the set is the set of all real numbers
(−∞, ∞) . Graph of the set:
Exercise 1.5.139
{x : x > −7 and x > −4}
Exercise 1.5.140
{x : x ≥ −1 or x > 6}
Answer
This set is the same as {x : x ≥ −1} , which is [−1, ∞) in interval notation. Graph of the set:
Exercise 1.5.141
{x : x ≥ 7 or x < −2}
Exercise 1.5.142
{x : x ≥ 6 or x > −3}
Answer
This set is the same as {x : x > −3} , which is (−3, ∞) in interval notation. Graph of the set:
Exercise 1.5.143
{x : x ≤ 1 or x > 0}
Exercise 1.5.144
{x : x < 2 and x < −7}
Answer
This set is the same as {x : x < −7} , which is (−∞, −7) in interval notation. Graph of the set:

Exercise 1.5.145
{x : x ≤ −3 and x < −5}
Exercise 1.5.146
{x : x ≤ −3 or x ≥ 4}
Answer
This set is the union of two intervals, (−∞, −3] ∪ [4, ∞) . Graph of the set:
Exercise 1.5.147
{x : x < 11 or x ≤ 8}
Exercise 1.5.148
{x : x ≥ 5 and x ≤ 1}
Answer
There are no numbers that satisfy both inequalities. Thus, there is no intersection. Graph of the set:
Exercise 1.5.149
{x : x < 5 or x < 10}
Exercise 1.5.150
{x : x ≤ 5 and x ≥ −1}
Answer
This set is the same as {x : −1 ≤ x ≤ 5} , which is [−1, 5] in interval notation. Graph of the set
Exercise 1.5.151
{x : x > −3 and x < −6}
In Exercises 1.5.152-1.5.163, solve the inequality. Express your answer in both interval and set notations, and shade the
solution on a number line.
Exercise 1.5.152
−8x − 3 ≤ −16x − 1

Answer
− 8x − 3 ≤ −16x − 1
⟹ − 8x + 16x ≤ −1 + 3
⟹ 8x ≤ 2
1
⟹ x ≤
4
Thus, the solution interval is (−∞, 1
4
] = {x|x ≤ 1
4
} .
Exercise 1.5.153
6x − 6 > 3x + 3
Exercise 1.5.154
−12x + 5 ≤ −3x − 4
Answer
− 12x + 5 ≤ −3x − 4
⟹ − 12x + 3x ≤ −4 − 5
⟹ − 9x ≤ −9
⟹ x ≥1
Thus, the solution interval is [1, ∞) = {x|x ≥ 1} .
Exercise 1.5.155
7x + 3 ≤ −2x − 8
Exercise 1.5.156
−11x − 9 < −3x + 1
Answer
− 11x − 9 < −3x + 1
⟹ − 11x + 3x < 1 + 9
⟹ − 8x < 10
5
⟹ x >−
4
Thus, the solution interval is (− 5
4
, ∞) = {x|x > −
5
4
} .
Exercise 1.5.157

4x − 8 ≥ −4x − 5
Exercise 1.5.158
4x − 5 > 5x − 7
Answer
4x − 5 > 5x − 7
⟹ 4x − 5x > −7 + 5
⟹ − x > −2
⟹ x <2
Thus, the solution interval is (−∞, 2) = {x|x < 2} .
Exercise 1.5.159
−14x + 4 > −6x + 8
Exercise 1.5.160
2x − 1 > 7x + 2
Answer
2x − 1 > 7x + 2
⟹ 2x − 7x > 2 + 1
⟹ − 5x > 3
3
⟹ x <−
5
Thus, the solution interval is (−∞, − 3
5
) = {x|x < −
3
5
} .
Exercise 1.5.161
−3x − 2 > −4x − 9
Exercise 1.5.162
−3x + 3 < −11x − 3
Answer

− 3x + 3 < −11x − 3
⟹ − 3x + 11x < −3 − 3
⟹ 8x < −6
3
⟹ x <−
4
Thus, the solution interval is (−∞, − 3
4
) = {x|x < −
3
4
} .
Exercise 1.5.163
6x + 3 < 8x + 8
In Exercises 13-50, solve the compound inequality. Express your answer in both interval and set notations, and shade the
solution on a number line.
Exercise 1.5.164
2x − 1 < 4 or 7x + 1 ≥ −4
Answer
2x − 1 < 4 or 7x + 1 ≥ −4
⟹ 2x < 5 or 7x ≥ −5
5 5
⟹ x < or x ≥−
2 7
For the union, shade anything shaded in either graph. The solution is the set of all real numbers (−∞, ∞) .
Exercise 1.5.165
−8x + 9 < −3 and −7x + 1 > 3
Exercise 1.5.166
−6x − 4 < −4 and −3x + 7 ≥ −5
Answer
− 6x − 4 < −4 and − 3x + 7 ≥ −5
⟹ − 6x < 0 and − 3x ≥ −12
⟹ x >0 and x ≤4
⟹ 0 <x ≤4

The intersection is all points shaded in both graphs, so the solution is (0, 4] = {x|0 < x ≤ 4} .
Exercise 1.5.167
−3x + 3 ≤ 8 and −3x − 6 > −6
Exercise 1.5.168
8x + 5 ≤ −1 and 4x − 2 > −1
Answer
Add texts here. Do not delete this text first.
Exercise 1.5.169
−x − 1 < 7 and −6x − 9 ≥ 8
Exercise 1.5.170
−3x + 8 ≤ −5 or −2x − 4 ≥ −3
Answer
Exercise 1.5.171
−6x − 7 < −3 and −8x ≥ 3
Exercise 1.5.172
9x − 9 ≤ 9 and 5x > −1
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
−7x + 3 < −3 or −8x ≥ 2
Answer

Exercise 1.5.1
3x − 5 < 4 and −x + 9 > 3
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
−8x − 6 < 5 or 4x − 1 ≥ 3
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
9x + 3 ≤ −5 or −2x − 4 ≥ 9
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
−7x + 6 < −4 or −7x − 5 > 7
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
4x − 2 ≤ 2 or 3x − 9 ≥ 3
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
−5x + 5 < −4 or −5x − 5 ≥ −5
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
5x + 1 < −6 and 3x + 9 > −4
Answer

Exercise 1.5.1
7x + 2 < −5 or 6x − 9 ≥ −7
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
−7x − 7 < −2 and 3x ≥ 3
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
4x + 1 < 0 or 8x + 6 > 9
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
7x + 8 < −3 and 8x + 3 ≥ −9
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
3x < 2 and −7x − 8 ≥ 3
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
−5x + 2 ≤ −2 and −6x + 2 ≥ 3
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
4x − 1 ≤ 8 or 3x − 9 > 0
Answer

Exercise 1.5.1
2x − 5 ≤ 1 and 4x + 7 > 7
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
3x + 1 < 0 or 5x + 5 > −8
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
−8x + 7 ≤ 9 or −5x + 6 > −2
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
x − 6 ≤ −5 and 6x − 2 > −3
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
−4x − 8 < 4 or −4x + 2 > 3
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
9x − 5 < 2 or −8x − 5 ≥ −6
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
−9x − 5 ≤ −3 or x + 1 > 3
Answer

Exercise 1.5.1
−5x − 3 ≤ 6 and 2x − 1 ≥ 6
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
−1 ≤ −7x − 3 ≤ 2
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
0 < 5x − 5 < 9
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
5 < 9x − 3 ≤ 6
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
−6 < 7x + 3 ≤ 2
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
−2 < −7x + 6 < 6
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
−9 < −2x + 5 ≤ 1
Answer

In Exercises 51-62, solve the given inequality for x. Graph the solution set on a number line, then use interval and setbuilder
notation to describe the solution set.
Exercise 1.5.1
1 x 1 1
− < + <
3 2 4 3
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
1 x 1 1
− < − <
5 2 4 5
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
1 1 x 1
− < − <
2 3 2 2
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
2 1 x 2
− ≤ − ≤
3 2 5 3
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
x+1
−1 < x − <2
5
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
2x−1
−2 < x − <4
3
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
x+1 x+1
−2 < − ≤2
2 3
Answer

Exercise 1.5.1
x−1 2x−1
−3 < − ≤2
3 5
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
x < 4 −x < 5
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
−x < 2x + 3 ≤ 7
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
−x < x + 5 ≤ 11
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
−2x < 3 − x ≤ 8
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
Aeron has arranged for a demonstration of “How to make a Comet” by Professor O’Commel. The wise professor has
asked Aeron to make sure the auditorium stays between 15 and 20 degrees Celsius (C). Aeron knows the thermostat is in
Fahrenheit (F) and he also knows that the conversion formula between the two temperature scales is C = (5/9)(F − 32).
a) Setting up the compound inequality for the requested temperature range in Celsius, we get 15 ≤ C ≤ 20 . Using the
conversion formula above, set up the corresponding compound inequality in Fahrenheit.
b) Solve the compound inequality in part (a) for F. Write your answer in set notation.
c) What are the possible temperatures (integers only) that Aeron can set the thermostat to in Fahrenheit?
Answer

Exercise 1.5.1
Add exercises text here.
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
Answer
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Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
Answer
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Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
Answer

Exercise 1.5.1
Answer
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Answer
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Answer
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Answer
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Answer
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Answer
Exercise 1.5.1
Answer

Exercise 1.5.1
Answer
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Answer

Exercise 1.5.1
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1.

5: Chapter 1 Exercises with Solutions

In Exercises 1.5.9-1.5.16, convert the given decimal to a fraction.

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In Exercises 1.5.17-1.5.24, convert the given repeating decimal to a fraction.

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yields 99x = 27. Finally, solve for x by dividing by 99 : x = 27

yields 99x = 24. Finally, solve for x by dividing by 99 : x = 24

yields 99x = 84. Finally, solve for x by dividing by 99 : x = 84

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yields 99x = 63. Finally, solve for x by dividing by 99 : x = 63

Square both sides,

then clear the equation of fractions by multiplying both sides by q : 2

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In Exercises 1.5.43-1.5.54, solve each of the given equations for x.

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In Exercises 1.5.55-1.5.66, solve each of the given equations for x.

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⟹ − 37x − 82x = −50 + 10

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⟹ − 10x + 120 = 12x + 60

⟹ − 10x − 12x = 60 − 120

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⟹ 545x + 440 = 112x + 160

⟹ 545x − 112x = 160 − 440

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⟹ − 434x − 530 = 545x − 810

⟹ − 434x − 545x = −810 + 530

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Hence, the radius is r = 16/3m, or 5 1

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Finally, to find r, take the square root.

To find the distance between the charged particles, substitute k C

A calculator produces an approximation, r ≈ 0.067 meters.

Perform each of the following tasks in Exercises 1.5.96-1.5.99.

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In Exercises 1.5.112-1.5.119, sketch the graph of the given interval.

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(−∞, −8] = {x : x ≤ −8}

= {x : x ≤ 9 or x > 15}

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Thus, the solution interval is (−∞, 1

Thus, the solution interval is [1, ∞) = {x|x ≥ 1} .

Thus, the solution interval is (− 5