Grade

11
Self-Learning Module
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
in
Lesson: POLARITY: ITS NATURE AND PROPERTIES
Quarter: I Week: 2 Day and Time:

Learning competencies:
a. Determine if a molecule is polar or non-polar given its structure
b. Relate the polarity of a molecule to its properties

Learning Tasks:
Study Notebook WORKSHEET PERFORMANCE TASK
 Pre-Test (1-2)  PAGE 7 PAGE 4
 Post-Test (5)

I. INTRODUCTION
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the field of
Physical Sciences. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond
with the textbook you are now using.

The module has two lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Polarity of Molecules

 Lesson 2 – Properties of Molecules According to their Polarity

PRE-TEST
Choose the letter that corresponds to the best answer.
1. Which of the following can determine a molecule’s polarity?
A. EN difference C. Molecular geometry
B. Lewis structure D. All of these
2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a nonpolar molecule?
A. central atoms have no lone pairs C. symmetrical in structure
B. EN difference is less than 0.4 D. None of these
3. Which of the following contains a polar bond in an unsymmetrical arrangement?
A. Nonpolar bond C. Polar bond
B. Nonpolar molecule D. Polar molecule
4. It refers to the ability of a molecule to be dissolved in a solvent.
A. Boiling point C. Solubility
B. Melting point D. Surface tension
5. It refers to a certain temperature for a molecule to transition into a gaseous state.
A. Boiling point C. Solubility
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 B. Melting point D. Surface tension
6. What force pulls matter together?
A. Gravity C. Polar bond
B. Pressure D. None of these
7. The C-H bond is polarized toward the _____ atom and the C-Cl bond is polarized toward the _____atom.
A. Carbon, Carbon         C.Hydrogen, Chlorine        
B. Carbon, Chlorine         D. Hydrogen, Carbon
8. Which of the following has a nonpolar bond?
A. BF3 B. CCl4 C. H2O D. N2
9. What is the molecular geometry of CCl4, CHCl3, and CH2Cl2?
A. Linear             C. Tetrahedral        
B. Square planar         D. Triangular planar
10. Which of the three molecules in Question #9 are polar?
A. CCl4 and CHCl3            C. CCl4 and CH2Cl2 
B. CHCl3 and CH2Cl2                      D. All of the molecules are polar
_________________
III. A. DISCUSSION OF CONCEPTS

Lesson

1 Polarity of Molecules

Polarity of Molecules
When atoms join to form molecules, they are held together by bonds. These bonds can be
classified by the extent of transfer or sharing of electrons between atoms.
A bond formed between two nonmetals that share electrons are called a covalent bond. It can be
subdivided into two general types: polar and non-polar bond. In polar bond, the electrons are unequally
shared between two bonded atoms which result in the development of partial positive (δ+) and partial
negative (δ–) charges. The direction toward which shared electrons are pulled is indicated by a polar arrow
( ˫ ). In a nonpolar bond, electrons are equally shared, and a charge is evenly distributed over the two
bonded atoms.
Polarity determines whether electrons are shared equally or not. A polar molecule results when a
molecule contains polar bonds in an unsymmetrical arrangement. Nonpolar molecules are of two types.
Molecules whose atoms have equal or nearly equal electronegativities have zero or very small dipole
moments. The second type of nonpolar molecule has polar bonds, but the molecular geometry is
symmetrical allowing the bond dipoles to cancel each other.
Take note that in a diatomic molecule, the polarity of the bond is the same with the polarity of the
molecule, while in a polyatomic molecule, the polarity of the bonds and the polarity of the molecule may
not be the same.

The following steps and examples will help us in determining whether a molecule is polar or nonpolar.
1. Draw the Lewis structure of a given molecule.
2. In a diatomic molecule, if atoms are the same, the POLAR
3. molecule is nonpolar. If atoms are different, the molecule
is polar. (See figure 1.)
NONPOLAR

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 1. Fig. 1. Example of
polar and nonpolar
bond Draw the

In a polyatomic molecule, identify each bond as either polar or nonpolar by finding the
electronegativity difference. Use a periodic table of elements in identifying the electronegativity
of each atom.
 If the difference in electronegativity of the bond is greater than 0.4, it is polar and if it is equal to
0.4 or lesser, it is nonpolar. If ALL of the bonds are nonpolar, the molecule is nonpolar. However, if
the molecule has polar bonds, continue with the steps.

In the case of CO2, the electronegativity difference between carbon and oxygen is 0.89 which is greater
than 0.4. It indicates that the bonds are polar.

3.If the central atom has no lone pairs with all the atoms bonded to POLAR the
central atom are the same, the molecule is symmetrical, therefore, it is
considered to be nonpolar. If the central atom has lone pairs or the
atoms bonded to the central atom are different, the molecule is
asymmetrical, therefore, it is polar. (See figure 2) NONPOLAR

Since the central atom of CO2 has no lone pairs and the
terminal atoms are identical, it is symmetrical, therefore, a
nonpolar. Fig. 2. Example of
a polar and
In the case of H2O, although the terminal atoms are nonpolar molecule
identical, the central atom has lone pairs making it asymmetrical,
therefore, it is considered polar.

Vocabulary
1. Molecules - are particles made up of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together
2. Diatomic molecule – a type of molecule composed of only two atoms
3. Polyatomic molecule - a type of molecule with three or more atoms

Lesson Properties of Molecules

2 According to their
Polarity
Properties of Molecules According to their Polarity

The properties of molecules to be discussed in this section are solubility, melting point, and boiling
point.

Solubility
 When we say solubility, it is the ability of a molecule to be dissolved in a solvent.
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  Solubility uses the "like dissolves like" rule which means that molecules with the same type of
polarity (polar to polar; nonpolar to nonpolar) will be soluble in one another while molecules with
differing polarities (polar to nonpolar) will be insoluble in one another. Polar molecules are soluble
in water, while nonpolar molecules are soluble in oils and fats.
 An example is an alcohol (containing oxygen and hydrogen) and water (H 2O). Have you noticed that
alcohol can easily be mixed in the water? This is because both substances are polar. Another
example is oil (containing carbon and hydrogen only) and water. What happens when they are
mixed? They separate. Since oil is nonpolar and water is polar, oil cannot be dissolved.

Melting and Boiling Point

 The melting point is the temperature at which a molecule changes from a solid-state to a liquid, or
melts while the boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it can change its state from
a liquid to a gas.
 The polarity of the molecules determines the forces of attraction between the molecules. Polar
molecules are attracted by the opposite charge effect (the positive end of one molecule is attracted
to the negative end of another molecule). Therefore, it has a stronger attraction as compared to
nonpolar molecules. So, how does it relate to the boiling and melting point? The stronger the
forces of attraction, the higher the boiling and melting point, or the greater the polarity, the higher
the boiling and melting point of a substance with similar sizes.

PERFORMANCE TASK
Directions: Answer the question briefly but substantially. Write your answer on a whole sheet of
paper. You can use your local dialect or any language that you are comfortable with
in explaining your answer.

1.As a student, what are the methods that you can do or suggest in cleaning up oil spill at sea,
knowing that oil and water have different polarity?

Post-Test
Directions: Read the statements carefully to get the correct answer.
1. Which of the following DOES NOT determine a molecule’s polarity?
A. EN difference C. molecular geometry
B. Lewis structure D. None of these
2. Which of the following can determine a molecule to be nonpolar?
A. central atoms have no lone pairs C. symmetrical in structure
B. EN difference is less than 0.4 D. All of these
3. When a molecule contains polar bonds in an unsymmetrical arrangement, it is considered _____.
A. polar bond C. nonpolar bond
B. polar molecule D. nonpolar molecule
4. It is the temperature at which a molecule can change its state from a liquid to a gas.
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 A. boiling point C. solubility
B. melting point D. surface tension
5. It is the force that pulls matter together.
A. gravity C. polar bond
B. pressure D. None of these
6. The C-Cl bond is polarized toward the _____ atom and the C-H bond is polarized toward the _____atom.
A. carbon, carbon         C. chlorine, carbon    
B. carbon, hydrogen            D. chlorine, hydrogen
7. The following are examples of polar bond EXCEPT for _____.
A. N2 B. CCl4 C. BF3 D. H2O
8. The molecular geometry of CCl4, CHCl3, and CH2Cl2 is ______.
A. linear             C. tetrahedral        
B. square planar         D. triangular planar
9. Which of the following molecules are polar?
A. CCl4 and CHCl3            C. CCl4 and CH2Cl2 
B. CHCl3 and CH2Cl2                      D. all of the molecules are polar
10. Which of the following are nonpolar molecules?
A. CH4, CH2O, CH3Cl        C. CH4, Cl2        
B. CH2O, CH3Cl          D. Cl2, CH2O
ANSWER KEY
PRE-TEST POST-TEST

1.D D

2. D D

3. D B

4. C A

5. A C

6. C C

7. B A

8. D C

9. C B

10. B C

References
A. Books
Bauer, R. C., Birk, J. P., and Marks, P. S. (2016). General Chemistry (Books I and II). McGraw-Hill Education.
Abiva Publishing House. Inc.
B. Online Sources
Ophardt, C. E. (2003). Virtual Chembook. Elmhurst College. Retrieved from
http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/210polarity.html and
http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/163boilingpt.html#:~:text=Molecules
%20have%20different%20degrees%20of,the%20higher%20the%20boiling%20point.

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 RFLECTIVE ASSESSMENT
1. What concepts or skills did you learn well?

2. What concepts or skills was difficult to understand?

3. What activities did you enjoy the most?

4. What activity was hard to execute?

5. Did you ask help from your teacher? (Yes or No).

If Yes, did you immediately receive the needed assistance?
Was the given assistance helpful for you to understand better the lesson?

ROSALES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SENIOR DEPARTMENT
Don Antonio Village, Rosales, Pangasinan

INSTRUCTION: Detach and submit this Worksheet together with the activity sheets.

WORKSHEET
Name: Subject
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Grade/Section: :

Subj. Teacher: Week: 2

I. SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Read each statement/s or questions carefully. Choose the correct answer. Write your answer on the
space provided.
_____1.It is a bond that formed between two non-metals that share electrons.
a.Covalent bond b. Hydrogen bond c. Ionic bond d. Van der Waals Interactions
_____2. A covalent bond can be subdivided into_______________general types.
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
_____3. Which of the following bonds shows that electrons are unequally shared between two
bonded atoms which results in the development of the partial positive and partial negative charge?
a. polar bond b. non-polar bond c. polarity d. Van der Waals Interactions
_____4. Which of the following bond shows that electrons are equally shared, and a change is evenly
distributed over the two bonded atoms?
a. polar bond b. non-polar bond c. polarity d. Van der Waals Interactions
_____5. It determines whether electrons are shared equally or not.
a. diatomic molecule b. molecule c. polarity d. solubility
_____6. These are particles made up of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together.
a. covalent b. molecules c. polarity d. solubility

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 _____7. It is the ability of a molecule to be dissolved in a solvent.
a. boiling b. melting c. polarity d. solubility
_____8. It is the temperature at which molecule changes from a solid state to a liquid, or melts.
a. boiling point b. melting point c. polarity d. solubility
_____9. It is the temperature at which it can change its state from a liquid to gas.
a. boiling point b. melting point c. polarity d. solubility
_____10. It is a type of molecule that is composed of only two atoms.
a. covalent b. diatomic c. ionic d. polyatomic
II.Molecular Sketches.
Direction: Complete the table below.
MOLECULES LEWIS DOT STRUCTURE POLARITY (POLAR/ NON-POLAR
1. BF3

2. NH3