196 Section 2 • Guide to Structure and Written Expression

Exercise 33.1

Focus: Choosing correctly between do and make.

Directions: Underline the word that correctly completes each sentence below. The first one is done
as an example.
1. The tips of high-speed dental drills are (done/made) oftungsten steel and often contain
diamonds.
2. A cottage industry is a form of manufacturing (done/made) at home.
3. Margaret Mead (did/made) fundamental contributions to both the theory and field work of
anthropology.
4. Many universities receive grants to (do/make) research for the federal government.
5. Research in genetics in the early nineteenth century (did/made) much to improve agriculture.
6. Futurologists study current trends to (do/make) predictions about the future.
7. Filmmaker George Lucas has (done/made) many advances in the production of motion pictures,
especially in the use of special effects.
8. The distinction between wildflowers and weeds is one that is often difficult to (do/make).
9. The helicopter can (do/make) jobs that no other aircraft can.
10. Yeast is added to dough to (do/make) bread light and porous.

Exercise 33.2

Focus: Choosing correctly between like and alike and like and as.
Directions: Underline the word that correctly completes each sentence below. The first one is done
as an example.
1. The government of the United States and that of Canada are (alike/like) in that both conduct a
complete census every ten years.
2. Fashion design, (as/like) all types of design, has been greatly aided by computers.
3. (Alike!Like) stars, galaxies tend to congregate in clusters.
4. Fungi are the most important decomposers of forest soil, just (as/like) bacteria are the most
important decomposers of grassland soiL
5. The spinal column is (alike/like) the brain in that its main functions can be classified as either
sensory or motor functions.
6. A peanut is not actually a nut but a legume (alike/like) peas and beans.
7. The stately Government House in Annapolis serves (as/like) the residence of the Governor of
Maryland.
8. The cetosaur was a dinosaur that looked much (as/like) the whales of today.
9. Fats are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and carbon atoms just (like/as) carbohydrates are.
10. One way pumpkins and watermelons are (like/alike) is that both grow on vines trailing along the
surface of the ground.
 Section 2 • Guide to Structure and Written Expression 197

Exercise 33.3

Focus: Choosing correctly between so, such, too, and as.

Directions: Underline the word that correctly completes each sentence below. The first one is done
as an example.
1. The mineral talc is ~such) soft that it can be scratched with a fingernail.
2. Oceanographers use rohots and unmanned submarines to explore parts of the ocean that are
(so/too) deep for people to explore safely.
3. (So/As) much paper money was printed during the Revolutionary War that it became almost
worthless.
4. The walking stick is an insect with (so/such a) close resemblance to a twig that it escapes the
notice of its enemies.
5. At present, solar cells are (so/too) expensive and inefficient to be used in the commercial
generation of electricity.
6. Acrylic plastics are very hard and are (so/as) clear as glass.
7. Founded in ]682, Norfolk developed (so/such a) prosperous sea trade that it quickly became the
largest town in the colony of Virginia.
8. Continental islands are (so/so much) close to continents that their plant and animal life are
identical to life on the mainland.
9. Timberline is the elevation on a mountainside above which temperatures he come (so/too) cold
for most trees to grow.
10. A few people have (such/too) good eyesight that they can actually see the brightest stars during
full daylight.

Exercise 33.4

Focus: Choosing correctly between other and another.

Directions: Underline the word that correctly completes each sentence below. The first one is done
as an example.
1. Lightning is a rush of electrical current from a cloud to the ground or from one cloud to
(another/other).
2. A ballet dancer's techniques and skills are very different from those of (another/other) dancers.
3. The commercial center of New York City, the island of Manhattan is joined to the (another/other)
boroughs by bridges and tunnels.
4. The legal surrender of a criminal suspect from one state or country to (another/other) is called
extradition.
5. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is one type of disease that is carried by ticks, and Colorado tick
fever is (another/other).
6. The art of photography has often been influenced by-and has influenced-(another/other) fine
arts.
7. William 0. Douglas was a Supreme Court justice for thirty-six years, longer than any
(another/other) justice in the history of the Court.
8. In physics, diffusion is the spread of one substance's molecules or atoms through those of
(another/other).
198 Section 2 • Guide to Structure and Written Expression

9. A basketball player may advance the ball by dribbling it or passing it to (another/other) player.
10. Limkins are water birds that eat snails and (another/other) mollusks.

Exercise 33.5

Focus: Choosing correctly between because of or because and similar expressions.

Directions: Underline the word that correctly completes the sentences below. The first one is done
as an example.
1. (Although/Despite) cats cannot see in complete darkness, their eyes are much more sensitive to
light than humans' eyes.
2. (Because!Because of) cheese is essentially a concentrated form of milk, it contains the same
nutrients as milk.
3. (Although/In spite of) its frightening appearance, the octopus is shy and completely harmless.
4. (Because!Because of) its acute sense of smell, the bloodhound is often used in tracking.
5. (When/During) the female oriole is absent from the nest, the male oriole stands guard.
6. (Although/Despite) their light weight, aluminum alloys can be very strong.
7. (Although/In spite of) Adlai Stevenson was never elected preSident, he was one of the
preeminent American politicians of the mid-twentieth century.
8. Snakebirds were not given their name because they eat snakes, but (because!because of) their
long, slender necks resemble snakes.
9. In the sixteenth century, it was thought that a compass needle pointed north (because!because
of) some mysterious influence of the stars.
10. (Although/Despite) it can occur in adults, chicken pox is classified as a disease of childhood.
11. Opinion polls are often used (while/during) political campaigns to find out how voters feel about
candidates and issues.
12. Geneticists often experiment with bacteria and viruses (because!because ot) those organisms
reproduce so quickly.

Exercise 33.6

Focus: Choosing correctly between much or many and similar words.

Directions: Underline the word that correctly completes each sentence below. The first one is done
as an example.
1. (Many/Much) industrial products can be made from soybeans.
2. Desert plants compete fiercely for the (few/little) water that is available.
3. The American designer Louis Comfort Tiffany took (many/much) of his inspiration from nature.
4. A (few/little) simple precautions can prevent accidents at home and on the job.
5. In a formal debate, the same (number/amount) of persons speak for each team, and both teams
are granted an equal (number/ amount) of time in which to make their arguments.
6. Bats do (few/little) damage to people, livestock, or crops.
7. Even small (numbers/amounts) of zinc can have a significant effect on the growth of plants.
 Section 2 • Guide to Structure and Written Expression 199

8. The adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney, secrete (many/much) important hormones.
9. (Many/Much) of the stories in John Weems' biography of George Washington are difficult to
believe.
10. Folk artists have (few/little) or no formal art training.

Exercise 33.7

Focus: Choosing correctly between other commonly confused words.

Directions: Underline the word that correctly completes each sentence below. The first one is done
as an example.
1. At eight weeks of ~old), red foxes begin to get their adult markings.
2. The Missouri River is about (double/twice) as long as the Colorado River.
3. Catherine Esther Beacher established schools in Connecticut and Ohio, and (after/afterwards)
founded the American Women's Educational Association.
4. (Most/Almost) antibiotics are antibacterial agents, but some are effective against fungal,
protozoal, or yeast infections.
5. In 1941, nylon was first used to make stockings, and the year (ago/before), it was first used to
make toothbrush bristles.
6. Chuck Berry was one of the (soonest/earliest) and most influential performers of rock music.
7. Long before Columbus, various thinkers believed that the Earth was (around/round).
8. Apricots, which are (some/somewhat) smaller than peaches, are known for their delicate taste.
9. Huge radio telescopes aimed into space may someday (say/tell) us whether intelligent life exists
elsewhere in the universe.
10. One of Canada's most beautiful botanical gardens is Butchart Gardens (near/nearly) Victoria,
British Columbia.
11. Since 1945, the average size of American farms has more than (doubled/twice).
12. When the Hopi Indians perform the Snake Dance, the dancers handle (alive/live) rattlesnakes.
13. Around eighty-five (percentage/percent) of the bauxite produced in the United States is mined in
Arkansas.
·
II
14. Artist Clementine Hunter continued to paint until she was over 100 years (age/old).
.
I:
15. The period immediately (after/afterwards) the Civil War is known as Reconstruction.
16. (No/Not) plant has a nervous system, and most respond very slowly to stimuli in their
environment.
17 . (Most/Almost) every county in the United States has agricultural extension agents who provide
·• help to farmers.
18. Murals (say/teU) narrative stories through visual images.
19. Forests cover (near/nearly) half the land area of Tennessee.
20. Giraffes hardly (ever/never) sleep more than twenty minutes a night.