UJIAN TENGAH SEMESTER

DINAMIKA TANAH DAN KEGEMPAAN

Dosen Pengampu : Prof. Yusep Muslih Purwana, S.T., M.T., Ph.D

Dikerjakan oleh :

Addina Salam Arrasyidi

I0118003

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK SIPIL

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
2021
Absen = 1
Diketahui undamped free vibration (X = 1):

Beban = 20X,X kN = 201,1 kN

Simpangan = X,X cm = 1,1 cm = 0,011 m
Massa = 10X,X kg = 101,1 kg

a. Derermine the stiffness of the system, natural frequency (rad/sec and

Hertz), and natural period.
b. Plot displacement time history for the duration of 5 second, and determine
the displacement for 1 second, 2 second, and 5 second
c. If damping ratio of 10% is given to the system, plot time history for 5
second for each damping.
a. Determine the stiffness of the system, natural frequency (rad/sec and Hertz),
and natural period.
Stiffnes of the system
𝐹
k =
𝑢0
201,1
=
0,011
= 18282 kN/m
Natural frequency (rad/sec and Hertz)
𝑘
𝜔0 = √
𝑚

18282
= √ 101,1
= 13,447 rad/sec
1
𝑓0 = 𝜔
2𝜋 0
1
= 2𝜋 13,447
= 2,1402 Hertz

Natural Period
1
𝑇0 =
𝑓
1
=
2,1402
= 2,1402 sec

b. Plot displacement time history

Plot displacement time history (5 Sec)
𝑢0 = 0,011 m
𝑢̇ 0 = 0
𝑢̇
u (t) = 𝜔0 sin 𝜔0 t + 𝑢0 cos 𝜔0 t
0
karena nilai 𝑢̇ 0 = 0 , maka :
u (t) = 𝑢0 cos 𝜔0 𝑡
u (t) = 0,011 cos 13,447 t
u (0,1) = 12,2 cos 13,447x0,1
= 0,0025 m
t u (m) 1.25 -0.00498 2.55 -0.01061 3.85 0.000707
0 0.011 1.3 0.002214 2.6 -0.01011 3.9 -0.00628
0.05 0.008606 1.35 0.008443 2.65 -0.00521 3.95 -0.01054
0.1 0.002466 1.4 0.010997 2.7 0.001962 4 -0.01021
0.15 -0.00475 1.45 0.008764 2.75 0.008276 4.05 -0.00543
0.2 -0.00989 1.5 0.002716 2.8 0.010988 4.1 0.001708
0.25 -0.01073 1.55 -0.00451 2.85 0.008917 4.15 0.008105
0.3 -0.0069 1.6 -0.00978 2.9 0.002964 4.2 0.010973
0.35 -6.4E-05 1.65 -0.01079 2.95 -0.00428 4.25 0.009065
0.4 0.006801 1.7 -0.0071 3 -0.00966 4.3 0.003211
0.45 0.010706 1.75 -0.00032 3.05 -0.01083 4.35 -0.00404
0.5 0.00995 1.8 0.006597 3.1 -0.00729 4.4 -0.00953
0.55 0.004864 1.85 0.010643 3.15 -0.00058 4.45 -0.01088
0.6 -0.00234 1.9 0.010057 3.2 0.006389 4.5 -0.00748
0.65 -0.00853 1.95 0.005093 3.25 0.010576 4.55 -0.00083
0.7 -0.011 2 -0.00209 3.3 0.010158 4.6 0.006178
0.75 -0.00869 2.05 -0.00836 3.35 0.005319 4.65 0.010502
0.8 -0.00259 2.1 -0.01099 3.4 -0.00184 4.7 0.010254
0.85 0.004632 2.15 -0.00884 3.45 -0.00819 4.75 0.005543
0.9 0.009838 2.2 -0.00284 3.5 -0.01098 4.8 -0.00158
0.95 0.010762 2.25 0.004397 3.55 -0.00899 4.85 -0.00802
1 0.007001 2.3 0.00972 3.6 -0.00309 4.9 -0.01096
1.05 0.000193 2.35 0.010812 3.65 0.00416 4.95 -0.00914
1.1 -0.0067 2.4 0.007197 3.7 0.009597 5 -0.00333
1.15 -0.01068 2.45 0.00045 3.75 0.010856
1.2 -0.01 2.5 -0.00649 3.8 0.00739
 Grafik Time History 5 second
0.015

0.01

0.005
Displacement (m)

Time (second)
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-0.005

-0.01

-0.015

Determine the displacement for 1 second, 2 second, and 5 second.

Simpangan saat 1 detik adalah = 0.007001 m
Simpangan saat 2 detik adalah = -0.00209 m
Simpangan saat 5 detik adalah = -0.00333 m
 c. If damping ratio of 10%, is given to the system, plot time history for 5 second for each damping.
Damping ratio 10%
 = 10 %

𝜔𝑑 = 𝜔0 √1 − 2

= 13,447 √1 − 0,12
= 13,38 rad/sec
𝑢̇ + 𝜔0𝑢0
u (t) = 𝑒 −𝜔0 𝑡 ( sin 𝜔𝑑 𝑡 + 𝑢𝑜 cos 𝜔𝑑 𝑡)
𝜔0
0̇+ 0,1𝑥13,447𝑥0,011
u (0,1) = 𝑒 −0,1𝑥13,447 𝑥0,1 ( sin 13,38 𝑥0,1 + 0,011 cos 13,38 𝑥0,1)
13,447
= 0,008709 m
u u
8.E-01 -3.E-03 -1.E-03 2.E+00 -1.E-02 -1.E-03 3.E+00 -6.E-03 -1.E-04 3.E+00 5.E-03 9.E-05 4.E+00 1.E-02 4.E-05
t (normal) (10%)
9.E-01 5.E-03 1.E-03 2.E+00 -7.E-03 -9.E-04 3.E+00 -1.E-02 -3.E-04 3.E+00 -2.E-03 2.E-05 4.E+00 9.E-03 4.E-05
0.E+00 1.E-02 1.E-02
9.E-01 1.E-02 3.E-03 2.E+00 -3.E-04 -3.E-04 3.E+00 -1.E-02 -3.E-04 3.E+00 -8.E-03 -5.E-05 4.E+00 3.E-03 2.E-05
5.E-02 9.E-03 9.E-03
1.E+00 1.E-02 3.E-03 2.E+00 7.E-03 4.E-04 3.E+00 -5.E-03 -2.E-04 4.E+00 -1.E-02 -9.E-05 4.E+00 -4.E-03 5.E-07
1.E-01 2.E-03 3.E-03
1.E+00 7.E-03 2.E-03 2.E+00 1.E-02 8.E-04 3.E+00 2.E-03 -3.E-05 4.E+00 -9.E-03 -9.E-05 4.E+00 -1.E-02 -2.E-05
2.E-01 -5.E-03 -3.E-03
1.E+00 2.E-04 5.E-04 2.E+00 1.E-02 8.E-04 3.E+00 8.E-03 1.E-04 4.E+00 -3.E-03 -5.E-05 4.E+00 -1.E-02 -3.E-05
2.E-01 -1.E-02 -7.E-03
1.E+00 -7.E-03 -1.E-03 2.E+00 5.E-03 5.E-04 3.E+00 1.E-02 2.E-04 4.E+00 4.E-03 3.E-06 5.E+00 -7.E-03 -2.E-05
3.E-01 -1.E-02 -8.E-03
1.E+00 -1.E-02 -2.E-03 2.E+00 -2.E-03 3.E-05 3.E+00 9.E-03 2.E-04 4.E+00 1.E-02 5.E-05 5.E+00 -8.E-04 -1.E-05
3.E-01 -7.E-03 -5.E-03
1.E+00 -1.E-02 -2.E-03 2.E+00 -8.E-03 -4.E-04 3.E+00 3.E-03 1.E-04 4.E+00 1.E-02 7.E-05 5.E+00 6.E-03 4.E-06
4.E-01 -6.E-05 -9.E-04
1.E+00 -5.E-03 -1.E-03 2.E+00 -1.E-02 -6.E-04 3.E+00 -4.E-03 -2.E-05 4.E+00 7.E-03 6.E-05 5.E+00 1.E-02 2.E-05
4.E-01 7.E-03 3.E-03
1.E+00 2.E-03 3.E-05 2.E+00 -9.E-03 -6.E-04 3.E+00 -1.E-02 -1.E-04 4.E+00 7.E-04 3.E-05 5.E+00 1.E-02 2.E-05
5.E-01 1.E-02 6.E-03
1.E+00 8.E-03 1.E-03 2.E+00 -3.E-03 -3.E-04 3.E+00 -1.E-02 -2.E-04 4.E+00 -6.E-03 -1.E-05 5.E+00 6.E-03 2.E-05
5.E-01 1.E-02 5.E-03
1.E+00 1.E-02 2.E-03 2.E+00 4.E-03 9.E-05 3.E+00 -7.E-03 -1.E-04 4.E+00 -1.E-02 -4.E-05 5.E+00 -2.E-03 5.E-06
6.E-01 5.E-03 3.E-03
1.E+00 9.E-03 1.E-03 2.E+00 1.E-02 4.E-04 3.E+00 -6.E-04 -6.E-05 4.E+00 -1.E-02 -5.E-05 5.E+00 -8.E-03 -6.E-06
6.E-01 -2.E-03 -4.E-04
2.E+00 3.E-03 6.E-04 2.E+00 1.E-02 5.E-04 3.E+00 6.E-03 4.E-05 4.E+00 -5.E-03 -4.E-05 5.E+00 -1.E-02 -1.E-05
7.E-01 -9.E-03 -3.E-03
2.E+00 -5.E-03 -3.E-04 2.E+00 7.E-03 4.E-04 3.E+00 1.E-02 1.E-04 4.E+00 2.E-03 -1.E-05 5.E+00 -9.E-03 -1.E-05
7.E-01 -1.E-02 -4.E-03
2.E+00 -1.E-02 -1.E-03 2.E+00 4.E-04 1.E-04 3.E+00 1.E-02 1.E-04 4.E+00 8.E-03 2.E-05 5.E+00 -3.E-03 -9.E-06
8.E-01 -9.E-03 -4.E-03
 Grafik Rekapitulasi Time History
0.015

0.01

0.005
Displacement (m)

0 Damped
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Undampe

-0.005

-0.01

-0.015
Time (second)

Determine the displacement for 1 second, 2 second, and 5 second.

Simpangan saat 1 detik adalah = 0.002179 m
-5
Simpangan saat 2 detik adalah = 3.30094x10 m
-6
Simpangan saat 5 detik adalah = -9.01136x10 m
 Earthquake P-wave and S-wave Travel Time
24
23
22
y = 0.0072x3 - 0.2347x2 + 3.9715x + 0.1719
21
20
19
18
17
16
TRAVEL TIME (minutes)

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7 y = 0.005x3 - 0.1502x2 + 2.2874x + 0.0559
6
5 Poly. (S wave)
4
3 Poly. (P wave)
2
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
EPICENTER DISTANCE (x10^3 km)
a. Tentukan jarak episenter terhadap stasiun pencatat tersebut
b. Perkirakan besarnya surface wave magnitude (Ms)
2a. Memplot titik Tabel 2.1 dan Tabel 2.2 ke Grafik.Berikut :
Tabel 2.1 Grafik P-wave Tabel 2.2 Grafik P-wave

Nilai X Nilai Y Nilai X Nilai Y

0,000 0 0,000 0 Earthquake P-wave and S-wave Travel Time
0,425 1 0,250 1 25
0,875 2 0,500 2 24
23
1,400 3 0,700 3
22
1,975 4 0,999 4 21
2,480 5 1,250 5 20
3,225 6 1,580 6 19
3,980 7 18
1,900 7
17
4,700 8 2,225 8

TRAVEL TIME (minutes)

16
5,600 9 2,580 9 15
6,500 10 2,950 10 14
7,600 11 13
3,300 11
12
8,825 12 3,775 12 11
10 12,9 4,100 13 10
4,550 14 9
8 P-wave
5,025 15
7
5,500 16 S-wave
6
6,000 17 5
6,5 18 4
7,025 19 3
2
7,58 20
1
8,075 21 0
8,8 22 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
9,6 23 EPICENTER DISTANCE (x10^3 km)
10 23,4
Menarik Garis Trendline, digunakan trendline polynomial order 3 dan disajikan persaman garis P-wave dan S-wave

24
Earthquake P-wave and S-wave Travel Time
23
22
21 y = 0,0072x3 - 0,2347x2 + 3,9715x + 0,1719
20
19
18
17
Poly. (S wave)
TRAVEL TIME (minutes)

16
15
Poly. (P wave)
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5 y = 0,005x3 - 0,1502x2 + 2,2874x + 0,0559
4
3
2
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
EPICENTER DISTANCE (x10^3 km)

Didapat persamaan:
P-wave
y = 0,005x3-0,1502x2+2,2874x+0,0559 (Persamaan 2.1)
S-wave
y = 0,0072x3-0,2347x2+3,9715x+0,1719 (Persamaan 2.2)
Setelah mendapat nilai tersebut dibuat formula excel untuk menetukan nilai
Jarak Epicenter berdasarkan nilai Lag Time.
Lag Time = S-wave – P-wave
y(S-wave) = 0,0072x3 - 0,2347x2 + 3,9715x + 0,1719
y(P-wave) = 0,005x3 - 0,1502x2 + 2,2874x + 0,0559
Lag time = 0,0022 x3 - 0,0845x2 + 1,6841x + 0,116 (Persamaan 2.3)
Misal didapat nilai
S-wave = 7.30
P-wave = 7.37
Lag Time = 11 – 7
= 7 menit
Input nilai Lag Time ke Persamaan 2.3
7 = 0,0022x3 - 0,0845x2 + 1,6841x + 0,116
0 = 0,0022x3 - 0,0845x2 + 1,6841x + 0,116 - 7
0 = 0,0022x3 - 0,0845x2 + 1,6841x - 6,884
0,0022x3 - 0,0845x2 + 1,6841x + -6,884 = 0 (Persamaan 2.4)
Dengan Persamaan 2.4 menentukan faktor persamaannya.
Dalam kasus ini kami melakukan trial titik jarak episenter dengan batas grafik
nilai 0,001 hingga 10 dalam 103 km untuk menentukan faktornya.
Nilai Jarak Episenter yang digunakan ketika menghasilkan nilai Persamaan
2.4 sebesar 0,00. (*digunakan formula Vlookup)
Berikut tampilan hasil uji titik Jarak Epicenter terhadap Persamaan 2.4 :

Nilai persamaan 2.4 = 0 Nilai Epicenter

-3,882315984 0,001
-3,880632138 0,002
-3,87894846 0,003
-3,877264952 0,004
-3,875581612 0,005
……. …..
6,704383304 9,996
6,705037533 9,997
6,705691726 9,998
6,706345881 9,999
6,707 10,000
Dari hasil perhitungan diatas maka jarak episentrum didapatkan jarak sebesar 5304 km
2b. Surface Wave Magnitude

A = 500 um

 = 5304.5/111



Ms = log10(500)+1.656log10(47.788)+1.818

Ms = 7.2979

a. Mo = u x Af x D
Mw = 2/3 log10 (Mo)
Af = 500 x 500 = 250000 km^2 = 2500X10^6 M^2
U = 2kn/m^2
Diket 3m
Mo = 15000000000000

b. Mw = 2/3 log10 (Mo)

= 2.784060839