Course (6 HOURS) Course Facilitator: Northern Negros State College of Science & Technology

Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN NEGROS STATE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Old Sagay, Sagay City, Negros Occidental
(034)722-4120, www.nonescost.edu.ph
COURSE MARRIAGE AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS
MODULE 3 LESSON 1: Managing Work, Technology, Careers and Family

(6 HOURS) Responsibilities
COURSE
LYZETTE L. SAYAM
FACILITATOR
FB
Lyzette L. Sayam-Magno
Messenger
CONTACT DETAILS
Email Ad lls_jan@yahoo.com.ph
Phone No./s 09124459531
Introduction
This lesson deals with work–life balance. Better time management will benefit all aspects of life.
This lesson will show how to focus on the important things, set accurate and achievable goals and how to
communicate better with work, peer and your family at home.
Learning Outcomes:
1. Demonstrate essential understanding of how important work-life balance/management in our daily
lives.
2. Recognize the signs that your life/family life is out of balance.
3. Describe the challenges in managing work, technology, careers, and family
responsibilities.
4. Learn ways to balance time in managing work, technology and careers.
Motivation
Reflect on the pictures above and ask yourself…

When was the last time your family ate a meal together?
Do your parents/family work to live, or live to work?
Be honest with your answers.
Write your answers on the space provided.
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This document is a property of NONESCOST Module 3 | Page 1

Unauthorized copying and / or editing is prohibited. (For Classroom Use Only) Prepared by: Lyzette L. Sayam-Magno, LPT, CAR
Teaching Points
Work and Family

The Value of Work
Work is a valuable part of life:
- Work brings purpose and order to each day
- Work provides something worthwhile to do
- Work provides income & other rewards
- Work allows you to feel proud of a job well done.
- Work can provide a sense of satisfaction or fulfillment for the contributions you make.
Work ethic - is a set of values based on the moral virtues of hard work and diligence. It is an attitude that
values hard work. People with good work ethic get things done.
There are two kinds of work for families:

Household Work – work that must be done for the well-being of the people who live in the household.
 Management skills for household work is similar to those for a business
- Using resources wisely
- Dealing with people
- Scheduling
- Cooperation
 Visible Jobs: Meals, Cleaning,
Laundry, lawn care, maintenance...
 Less-visible jobs: paying bills, cleaning refrigerator, planning meals
Income-Producing Work – This work provides money for needs and wants.
Amount of time required varies.
 Full-time: more time, but benefits and money are greater; more expectations
 Part-time: more flexibility, less time
In many families, more than one income is necessary.
 Income-producing jobs require a big time and energy commitment.
 So does household work.
 Combining the two is like having two full-time jobs.
 Problems happen when one person bears more of the load than the other.
Who does the work?
 All family members need to share in the work of the family.
Assigning Family Jobs:
- Sometimes influenced by tradition
- Younger families are less tradition-bound
- Time available and when it happens
- Individual skills
- Kids can make meaningful contributions
- All family members need to share in household work.
Communicating about household work:

 Agree on the household tasks that need to be done.
 Understand family members’ feelings and ideas about household work.
 Listen to suggestions for improving the system of getting the work done.
 Remain aware of time commitments
 Support each other when there are problems
 Know what to do when problems arise.

Family Life Affects Jobs:

 Home pressures reduce work effectiveness
 Family problems deplete emotional resources and cause distractions
 Lack of Family Training – has not learned good work ethic, etc.
 Job Loss – loss of family income; stress and anxiety
 Relocation – all family members may have to move
 Work challenges – deplete emotional energy for home
 Difficult Work Schedules – on call; conflicting work shifts; etc.
 Work Stress – tight deadlines, sales goals
Need to balance Work and Family Life
Why Is A Balance Important?

A balanced life is one where we spread our energy and effort – emotional, intellectual, imaginative,
spiritual and physical – between key areas of importance. The neglect of one or more areas, or anchor
points, may threaten the vitality of the whole
“Longer working hours and unpredictable work schedules can all add up to less flexibility, less
personal or family time, and ultimately, more stress”
Dr. Susan Black, President, Catalyst
Careers and jobs have their respective advantages. Careers may involve more money and higher
status, but jobs provide more employment flexibility. Jobs are easier to enter and leave and to adjust to
different personal and family needs.
Why Do People Get Out of Balance?

- Unrealistic goals or lack of goals
- Lack of planning
- Need for approval
- Inadequate personal growth
- Inability to say no
- Desire to please
- Need for power
- Lack of self-awareness

Obstacles to the Wife Pursuing a Career

1. Responsibility for Children
- Wives tend to accommodate their work to their family rather than their family to their work.
- The needs of their children and husbands come before the requirements of a job (Sack &
Liddell, 1985).
2. Responsibility for Home
- Careers are also difficult for the married man because he has no wife at home to do those
things the traditional wife typically does.
- Husbands of employed wives usually aren’t much help. Most do not participate regularly in
household and family tasks (Smith & Reid, 1986).
- In general, as husband’s income goes up, his participation in housework goes down. Likewise,
as the wife’s income goes up the husband’s participation in housework increases.
3. The Husband’s Attitude
- If a husband is not supportive of his wife’s career, he can make it difficult for her to be
successful and happy.
- Not only can he grumble about her working, but he can refuse to move if she has an
opportunity for a promotion if she relocates to another city.
The Interface of Work and Family Life

- The family ecology perspective tells us that workplace requirements impact family living.
This mom’s military career certainly

affects her family life.at home
- The concepts sociological imagination and the family ecology perspective hold that family life is
influenced by cultural expectations and social structures external to it. The workplace is one such
influence.
- On the micro level, family researchers often look at the spillover from work situations into family life.
Work–life balance
- is a concept including proper prioritizing between "work" (career and ambition) and
"lifestyle"(Health, pleasure, leisure, family and spiritual development/meditation).
- Work life balance is synonymous with work-family balance or family support

Work life balance means spending 50%

of your time at work and 50% of your
time at home
Work plays an important role in the lives of most people. Work, whether paid or unpaid, also helps
us to shape our identity, gives a purpose to our existence, allows us – or forces us – to structure our time,
gives us a useful way to spend our days, contributes to our social status, and finally, brings us into contact
with others. Work-Life Balance does not mean an equal balance. Work-life balance is the ability to
experience a sense of control and to stay productive and competitive at work while maintaining a happy,
healthy home life with sufficient leisure. The right balance of one today may be different tomorrow. It also
differs when an individual is single, married, and if there are children and also when one starts a new
career as well as when one is nearing retirement.
The Six Components of Work-Life Balance

1. Self-Management
2. Time Management
3. Stress Management
4. Change Management
5. Technology Management
6. Leisure Management
Stress and Work Pressure

- Stress in the workplace can be defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses
that occur when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources, or
needs of the worker. Workplace stress can lead to poor health and even injury.
- There are limits to what people are capable of handling, and those limits differ from one
person to the other. When employees exceed these limits, they may find themselves facing
problems so serious that they are unable to solve them on their own. That is when they are
facing a work pressure problem.
- When an employee is unable to meet the demands of work a work pressure problem arises
that can lead to work stress. Work stress can eventually cause the employee to feel
excessively tired, exhausted and depressed, as well as to suffer physical ailments.
Signs and symptoms of stress

- Mental
- Emotional
- Physical
- Behavioural
- Stress and work pressure are main contributors to work life imbalance.

Causes of stress
External causes of stress
- Major life changes
- Work
- Relationship difficulties
- Financial problems
- Being too busy
- Children and family
Internal causes of stress (self-generated)
- Inability to accept uncertainty
- Doubt
- Negative self-talk
- Unrealistic expectations
- Perfectionism
- Lack of assertiveness
Imbalance of Work
An imbalance is fundamentally a lack of clearly defined and consistently enforced boundaries
between work life and personal life. When we fail to have a healthy work life balance, people end up
experiencing emotional stress, anxiety and depression. Employees who have the tools to balance their
professional and personal lives are happier, healthier, and more productive.
Reasons for Imbalance

- Increased responsibilities at work
- Increased responsibilities at home
- Longer working hours
- Personal Mindset
- Social Media
Solutions to Prevent Imbalance
- Time management
- Flexible Schedule
- Use technology
- Know it won’t always be perfect
- Be consistent and accountable
- Be flexible
- Set boundaries and learn to say NO

Benefits from Work Life Balance
To Individual To Organization
Feeling more rested Increased

Self-Satisfaction Improved morale
and energized productivity
Improved on-the-job Better team work

More value and More fulfillment
and off-the-job and communication
balance in daily life from work
relationship
Management at Home
 A balanced life depends on how the work is shared at home.
 Family members benefit when they each do their assigned jobs cheerfully.
Management at Home
Guidelines for Managing at Home
 List work to be done
 Evaluate standards
 Assign tasks to family members
 Set up a schedule
 Evaluate progress
Tools for Managing at Home

 A Family Calendar – accessible to all

 Family Meetings – on a regular basis
 Family Bulletin Board – for lists, etc
Assessment
Answer the following questions in a short /long bond paper with 3-4 sentences only.
1. Is it true that wives are likely to have a career as husbands? Why and why not? 10pts
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2. Is it true that wives who stay at home with their children report that they are personally happier than
wives who are employed outside the home? Why and why not? 10pts
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3. “Work Hard, Work Smart”, how is this important in Work life balance? 10 pts
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4. Compare and contrast family work vs. paid work. 10 pts
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Additional Activity
1. The main bread-winner in the family has been made redundant. What can all the others do to
support that person and help to keep things going through the difficult time ahead?
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Based on your answer above make your Family Home Management Plan on how the work is
shared at home using graphic organizer.

MODULE 3 LESSON 2:B. Couple and family therapy

(6HOURS)
COURSE
LYZETTE L. SAYAM
FACILITATOR
FB
Messenger
CONTACT DETAILS
Phone No./s 09124459531
Introduction
Managing issues in couple and family therapy can be of great help in building a strong foundation
of couple and family relationships. This lesson focus on the different factors about issues in couple and
family therapy and how these factors affect family relationships.
Learning Outcomes:
1. Discuss factors of legal issues in couple and family therapy.
2. Identify problems of couples/family bring to marriage therapy.
3. Develop an in-depth understanding on the importance of addressing legal issues in couple and
family therapy.
Motivation
Start reading here…
A young couple married when they were both 20 years old. One spouse developed alcoholism
during the first 5 years of the marriage. The couple’s life increasingly became chaotic and painful for
another 5 years, when finally, at age 30, the substance-abusing spouse enter treatment and, over the
course of 18 months, attained a solid degree of sobriety. Suddenly, lack of communication and difficulties
with intimacy came to the force for the non-substance-abusing spouse, who now often feels sad and
hopeless about the marital relationship. The non-substance-abusing spouse finds, after 18 months of the
partner’s sobriety, that the sober spouse is “no longer fun” or still does not want to make plans for another
child.
Almost all young couples encounter communication and intimacy issues during the first decade of
the relationship. In an alcoholic marriage or relationship, such issues are regularly pushed into the
background as guilt, blame, and control issues are exacerbated by the nature of addictive disease and its
effectives on both the relationship and the family.
The possible complexities of the above situation illustrate both the relevance of the family therapy
to substance abuse treatment and why family therapy requires a complex, systems perspective.
(Quantum Units Continuing education, Published on July 4, 2016)
Give your opinion why the husband/wife became substance-abusing spouse.

What impact does a parent abusing substances have on his or her children?
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Teaching Points
What is Family Therapy?

Family therapy is a collection of therapeutic approaches that share a belief in family-level
assessment and intervention.
Models of Family Therapy

Systems theory recognizes that:
- A whole system is more than the sum of its parts.
- Parts of the system are interconnected.
- Certain rules determine the functioning of a system.
- Systems are dynamic, carefully balancing continuity against change.
- Promoting or guarding against system entropy (i.e., disorder or chaos) is a powerful
dynamic in the family system balancing change of the family roles and rules.
Challenges and Threats to Filipino Families

Filipino Families today are more exposed to a growing number of diverse life threatening problems
than any other generation has ever been.
The following are the Threats to Filipino Families:
1. Disintegration of family
Increasing fragility of marriage
- Among the many factors which contribute to the fragility of urban Filipino families is the
loosening control on the young.
- Today young people are more independent and are allowed greater freedom. The increased
mobility of young people for recreation and leisure purposes has made it difficult for parents to
monitor them.
Delinquency among adolescents

Juvenile Delinquency - can be explained by the failure of social control which is one of the
responsibilities of the family.

Domestic Violence
Physical, psychological and verbal abuse
Domestic Violence - takes place when the victim and the perpetrator are either related to each
other by blood or affinity, or live in the same household.
Types of Domestic Violence

- Rape
- Incest
- Spouse Battering
- Sexual harassment
- Physical, verbal, psychological and economic abuse
2. Substance abuse
Refers to continued use of substances that affect the way a user functions physically and
socially. It results to social or occupational impairment.
The dangers of drug abuse

Once a person starts using drugs and succumbs to repeated use, it becomes hard and
painful to quit on his or her own volition. The most frightening effect of drug use is dependence.
Why do children and young adults use drugs?

The most common reason given by children and young adults is that these prohibited drugs
are relatively easy to get. Pushers roam neighborhoods where children could be easily lured and
victimized.
Other reasons which are more serious and should be given immediate attention are:
1. Abusive parents
2. Family problems
3. Peer pressure
4. insecurity
5. The feeling that parents have given up on the child
6. Accessibility or visibility of some kind of inhalant in the home such as rugby of thinner.
Ways to help children say “NO TO DRUGS”

1. Educate about drugs
2. Listen intently to your children
3. Make them feel good about themselves
4. Never use put-down words
5. Praise them for their efforts & accomplishments
6. Do not dwell on failures
7. Be a model for your kids by being vice-free
8. Support your kids especially when they are faced with peer pressure
When children are into drugs, the following are advisable:

1. Calm down. Berating your child only makes the problem worse
2. Go beyond telling your child to stop drugs now.
3. Think together with your child and ask why. Listen and try to understand your child’s
reasons taking drugs.
4. Make the issue a family matter.
5. Encourage your child to get help.
6. Go through family counselling 7.Contact a medical specialist and your nearest rehabilitation
center.
3. Parental absenteeism
- Today, the family is broken because of the diminishing opportunities for them to be one.
- The real meaning of family has been distorted. Family is equated with material possessions.
- Many parents leave their young children to seek better economic opportunities.
- Many parents replace their presence with the latest gadgets.
- Absence of parents destroys the solidarity in the family.
4. Economic difficulties
- Economic difficulties is one of the biggest challenges being faced by many families today.
- As a result of this, children are malnourished, cannot go to school and instead work to
augment family income at a very young age. Children and young people in the streets are
exposed to all kinds of hazards (addiction, exposure to toxic substances and pollution) with
negative impact on their health and overall development.
5. Absence of family goals and deteriorating values
- Families who don’t have goals to live in a day to day existence. The absence of values and
goals to guide family decisions and activities can cause members to lose sight of what is truly
worthwhile.
- Values are strong feelings or beliefs about issues, ideas or things that are considered
important by the person.

-Individuals and families have different values. It influences a person’s most important
decisions about friends, sexual relationship, family education, work and money.
- Failure of parents to recognize higher meaning and purpose of the family can lead to
materialism, instant gratification and pleasure as life’s chief goals.
6. Rising incidence of early sexual involvement and teenage pregnancies
- Too Early Sexual Involvement This refers to engaging in some form of sexual encounter or
sexual intercourse at an early age.
7. Strong negative influence of media on the family
- Too much exposure to violent crimes and sex in the media brings damage to the upbringing of
children.
- Because of media, the interpersonal relationship in the family seems to have been neglected.
- Family ties that used to be very close are being threatened.
- Media has become the babysitter, taking the place of busy parents.
Problems of the Filipino Family

Just like families all over the world, the Filipino family faces various problems. Some of these
problems are as follows:
1. Immaturity, inadequate preparation for family life, and personality incompatibility.
- This problem is caused by early marriage, most likely, these young people are
inadequately prepared for family life. Most often, these young couples tend to think only of
themselves, thus constant quarrelling and bickering.
2. Economic instability
- The average Filipino family earns income which is below the poverty line.
- Some of the heads of the family are out of work, forcing the spouse to seek employment.
- Sometimes, the eldest child is also forced to work in order to add to the family’s meagre
income.
3. Urbanization
- Due to inadequate income and lack of job opportunities in the province, the family moves
to the city thinking that life will be easier and comfortable for them. Consequently, life in the
city gets congested leading to more problems like pretty crimes, unemployment, etc.
4. The kabit system
- This is common among Filipino family.
- Husband and wife often quarrel, resulting in “broken homes”
5. Increase in the number of working mothers
- Due to insufficient income, the woman is forced to work, and cannot fully discharge her
duties and responsibilities at home.
6. Lack of leisure activities
- Because of the desire of the head of the family to give his/her family a quality life, he/she
gets engrossed in his/her job, and forgets his/her duties to his/her family.
-
Not even a single hour for leisure and recreation is set aside. Subsequently, the children
are left alone most of the time.
7. Unhealthy and unsanitary living condition
- The Filipino family is generally classified as a low-earning family.
- The head of the family has to satisfy the economic needs of his/her family first. His/her
income is just enough to support the needs of the children.
8. Large number of children
- Large number of children means more mouths to feed. With a meagre income, eating
three times a day becomes a problem.
Marital Therapy
Sometimes it is impossible for spouses to resolve a conflict by themselves. Contacting a marriage
therapist is an alternative.
Problems Couples Bring to Marriage Therapy

1. Sex
- Extramarital affairs
- Disagreement about when sex occurs
- Sexual dysfunction
- Lack of sexual desire etc.
2. In-laws
- Borrowing money from in-laws
- Loaning/giving money to in-laws
- Living with in-laws etc.
3. Recreation
- No sharing of leisure time
- Disagreement over what is fun
- Where to spend vacation etc.
4. Children
- Discipline of children
- Number of children
- Retarded, autistic, or otherwise handicapped child etc.
5. Communication
- Don’t love spouse
- Spouse is impatient
- Too little time spent communicating etc.
6. Money
- Wife’s job or husband’s job
- Conflict over who buys what
- Debts etc.
7. Religion
- Which church to attend
- Breaking vows
- Church donations etc.
8. Friends
- Too few or many friends
- Different friends
- Time with friends etc.
9. Alcohol or Drugs
- Spouse drinks/smoke too much marijuana

- Spouse takes too many pills

- Violence as a consequence of drinking etc.
5 types of Therapy
1. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
- CBT is a time-limited therapy that focuses on the ‘here and now’ ’rather than your
childhood.
- It examines the relationship between our situation, mindset, thoughts, emotions, behaviour,
and physical reactions.
- It trains you to automatically question whether or not your thoughts are facts, which slow
down your reaction time and helps you feel more emotionally stable.
- CBT is ideal for people who want a therapy that works towards solutions, with clear goals,
and practical techniques.
2. Counselling
- A counsellor can help you find ways to deal with your difficulties and understand how you’re
feeling.
- Counselling can be particularly useful for people who are going through a difficult time such
as bereavement, relationship problems, work-stress or other life-changing situations.
Relationship and Family Counseling

Relationship and family counseling is a professional service having two goals:
 Helping individuals, couples, and families gain insight into the actually or potentially
troublesome dynamics of their relationship(s).
 Teaching clients more effective and supportive communication techniques
3. Mindfulness-Based Therapies
- These therapies focus on teaching you to become the observer of your thoughts and
feelings.
4. Humanistic Therapy
- Use as a range of theories and practices to help you understand and enhance your mental
wellbeing.
- This approach suits people interested in exploring their lives and looking at their issues
from a wide range of angles.
5. Interpersonal Therapy
- Focuses on you and your relationships with others and is based on the idea that poor
mental well-being is rooted within our interpersonal relationships.
Assessment
Directions: Answer the following questions in 3-5 sentences only.
1. Differentiate juvenile delinquency between domestic violence and give one specific example
each.(15pts)

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____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________.
Example of Juvenile Delinquency Example of Domestic Violence
2. Parental absenteeism is one of the most common problems in the Filipino families. Give at least
3 effects of this to Filipino families.(10pts)
Additional Activity (20pts)

Make a reflective writing compose of two paragraph in your personal point of view of why marital
therapy is important in couple/family.
Please observe proper margin.

MODULE 3
LESSON 3: C. Remarriage and Step-Families
(6 HOURS)
COURSE
LYZETTE L. SAYAM
FACILITATOR
FB
Messenger
CONTACT DETAILS
Phone No./s 09124459531
Introduction
This lesson emphasizes the legal points of remarriage under Philippine Law. It also includes the
different factors of remarriage and stepfamilies; the strengths, weakness, and benefits.
Learning Objectives:
1. Articulate legal points about remarriage under Philippine Law.
2. Recognize factors affecting the relationships of remarriage and step-families.
3. Share insights about personal views of remarriage and step families.
Motivation
Agree or disagree?
Conflict in stepfamilies can be due to personalities of the family? Why or why not?
Teaching Points
Dissolution of Marriage
A. Divorce – It is a complete dissolution of marriage in which both parties can marry again.
- Most of the grounds for divorce have existed after the marriage.
- Divorce is implemented in the United States and many other countries except in the
Philippines.
Grounds for Divorce
The following are grounds for divorce in most countries:
1. Cruelty – inflicting unnecessary physical or emotional pain on either spouse.
2. Abandonment – the spouse leaves home voluntarily and has no intention of returning home for
a certain period of time.
3. Incarceration or confinement in prison for a set number of years.
4. Impotency or physical inability to engage in sexual intercourse, if it is not disclosed before
marriage.
5. Adultery or concubinage
6. Incurable insanity
7. Drug addiction or habitual alcoholism
8. Refusal or neglect to provide suitable support for the spouse
9. Irreconcilable differences
B. Annulment - refers to the legal process of filing a petition in the appropriate court seeking a judicial
declaration of making a marriage null and void or from the beginning as if no marriage
took place.
The following are the grounds for nullifying marriage under the new Code;
1. Lack of parental consent

2. Insanity of one of the parties
3. Fraud; however, if free cohabitation between two parties occurs after null knowledge of the
fraud, marriage is ratified.
4. Force, intimidation, or undue influence
5. Impotency
6. Affliction of sexually transmissible disease found to be serious and which appears incurable.
Legal Separation- refers to the legal process of filling a petition in the appropriate court seeking a judicial
declaration of legal separation for married couples.
Art.55. A petition for legal separation may be filed on any of the following grounds:
1. Repeated physically violence or grossly abusive conduct directed against the petitioner;
2. Physical violence or moral pressure to compel the petitioner, apolitical affiliation;
3. Attempt of respondent to corrupt r induce the petitioner, a common child, or a child of the
petitioner, to engage in prostitution, or connivance in such corruption or inducement;
4. Final judgment sentencing the respondent to imprisonment of more than six yrs; even if
pardoned;
5. Drug addiction or habitual alcoholism of the respondent;
6. Lesbianism or homosexuality of the respondent;
7. Contracting by the respondent of a subsequent bigamous marriage, whether in the Philippines
or abroad;
8. Sexual infidelity or perversion;
9. Attempt by the respondent against the life of the petitioner; or
10. Abandonment of petitioner by respondent without justifiable cause for more than one year.
Remarrying in the Philippines

Divorce is not allowed under Philippine law, but remarriage is possible under the following
circumstances:
Death of a spouse
Republic Act 10655 of 2015 has repealed the law stating that women must wait 301 days after the death of
a spouse before they can remarry or risk being held criminally liable for premature marriage. Thus, women
no longer have to wait out the prescribed period in order to legally remarry, regardless of the period of the
spouse’s passing.
If a widow whose spouse died in the Philippines wishes to re-marry a foreign national, she/he must present
a death certificate issued on National Statistics Office (NSO) security paper, and authenticated by the
Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA). On the other hand, a widow whose spouse died in another country
must present a certified true copy of the death certificate, ideally with an English translation, and the
document must be authenticated by the ministry of foreign affairs of the country where the death certificate
was issued.
Presumptive death
Those who wish to remarry on the account of presumptive death of a spouse may do so by asking first the
court for a declaration of presumptive death. This is governed by Article 41 of the Family Code of the
Philippines, as amended, and only possible under the ordinary presumptions with the following conditions:
 Your spouse has been missing for four consecutive years
 You have a well-founded belief that your absentee spouse is dead
 You have exerted great effort to locate your absentee spouse, and to establish contact

 You have filed a summary proceeding for the declaration of presumptive death of the absent
spouse.
 You wish to remarry.
The four-year period can be shortened to two consecutive years for extraordinary absence under these
conditions:
 The absent spouse was on board a vessel that got lost at sea, or an airplane that has gone
missing, and who has not been heard of for two years since then.
 The absent spouse was in the armed forces who has taken part in a war, and has been missing for
two years.
 The absent spouse was in danger of death under other circumstances and his/her existence has
been unknown for two years.
Failure to get a declaration of presumptive death upon remarrying can open you to charges of
bigamy. It can also render your second marriage null and void.
Divorce from an alien spouse

A divorce decree that has been obtained abroad may be recognized in the Philippines if it satisfies the
conditions set by the law. It should be established that the marriage is between a Filipino and a foreign
national, and that the latter obtained a divorce decree from their country, thus making them eligible for
remarriage according to their law.
This may be done through a petition for judicial recognition of a foreign judgment. When the court grants
this petition, the Filipino spouse will also become eligible to remarry.
Civil annulment
A civil annulment pursuant to Article 45 of the Family Code of the Philippines, as amended, can be
obtained on these grounds:
 Either or both spouses were 18 years old or over but younger than 21 years old, and the marriage
was solemnized without the consent of either or both of their parents or legal guardians, unless
after attaining the age of 21, he/she freely cohabited with the other spouse.
 Either spouse was of unsound mind when the marriage was solemnized, unless such spouse after
coming to reason, freely cohabited with the other as husband and wife.
 The consent of either spouse was obtained through fraud, unless such spouse freely cohabited
after full knowledge of the fraud.
 The consent of either spouse was obtained through force, intimidation or undue influence, unless
the same have disappeared or ceased and such spouse thereafter freely cohabited with the other.
 Either spouse was physically incapable to consummate the marriage with the other, or such
incapacity continues and appears to be incurable.
 Either spouse was afflicted with a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that appears to be serious
and incurable.
Those who have gotten a civil annulment must produce the following documents in order to remarry:
 Court Order/Decision and Certificate of Finality of Decision
 Amended marriage contract, with an annotation of the civil annulment
Nullity of marriage
A certification of nullity of marriage can be issued if the marriage is found to be void right from the start. A
marriage is considered invalid if:

 Either spouse was younger than 18 years when the marriage was solemnized, even if there was
parental consent.
 The marriage was solemnized by an individual who does not have the legal authority to do so –
unless either or both spouses believed, in good faith, that the solemnizing officer was authorized to
do so.
 The marriage was solemnized without a license, except those allowed under the law.
 The marriage is bigamous or polygamous not falling under Article 41 of the Family Code of the
Philippines, as amended.
 Cases of mistaken identity
 Cases of subsequent marriage rendered void under Article 53 of the Family Code
 Either party was psychologically incapacitated to comply with the essential marital obligations of
marriage at the time of the celebration of the marriage.
 The marriage is incestuous
 Marriages which are void from the beginning for reasons of public policy
Marriages between blood relatives, whether legitimate or illegitimate, up until the fourth degree is
considered null and void. The same goes for marriage between the following parties:
 Step-siblings
 Parents-in-law
 Children-in-law
 Adopting parent and adopted child
 The surviving spouse of an adopting parent and the adopted child
 An adopted child and the legitimate child of the adopter
 Adopted children with the same adopter
 Parties in which one killed their spouse or the other’s spouse with the intention to marry
Remarriage is possible if there is a court order that declares the marriage as null and void.
Remarrying without this court declaration could render the subsequent marriage void and opens
the parties to bigamy charges.
Remarriage – is the legal union of a man and woman that follows the dissolution of a previous marriage for
one or both spouses. Often leads to:
Step Families
- Are formed when children from another marriage or relationship are brought
- Step families are commonly referred to as ‘blended families’.
- Husband with children marries no-kids wife.
- Husband with children marries wife with children.
- Mom with children marries no-kids husband.
- Mom with children marries dad with children.
- Widow or widower with kids remarries.
- Divorced or widowed parents of adult children marry.
Strengths of Stepfamilies
Early reality coping
- Children in stepfamilies learn about life’s realities early. Whereas many biological
children never have to cope with separation, divorce, and death, stepchildren have
been around the track. They have had the first-hand experience of losing someone
close to them. More important, they have learned that life goes on no matter what
happens and that transitions to new relationships can be for the better.
Exposure to Variety of Behavior Patterns

- Children in stepfamilies also experience a variety of behaviors, values, and life styles.
They have the advantage of living on the inside of two families.
Parent Happier
- Single parenting can be a demanding and exhausting experience.
- Remarriage can ease the stress of parenting and provide a happier context for the
parent.
- Stepchildren often witness their parent’s transition from a state of unhappiness to a
state of happiness.
Adaptation to Stepsiblings
- Children learning how to get along with other children in an intimate environment is
another beneficial experience provided by the stepfamily.
- The child’s world may also be expanded by new playmates and companions. This is a
particular benefit for an only child whose parent marries a person with one or more
children.
Stepparent More Objective
- Due to biological tie between a parent and a child, some parents seem to be incapable
of discussing certain issues or topics.
- A stepparent often has the advantage of not being emotionally involved and can relate
to the child at a different level.
Weakness of Stepfamilies
Unrealistic Expectations
- Both spouses in the remarriage may expect their present marriage to right all previous
relationship disappointments-both parental and past marital failures.
Dealing with the Ex-spouse
- The visible reminder of the first marriage who calls and comes by to pick up the
children. Although new spouses may intellectually understand the necessity of such
interaction between their spouse’s former husband and wife, emotionally they may feel
jealous of the tie to the previous marriage.
Complexity of Issues
- Remarriage with stepchildren involve twice as many former in-laws, ex-spouses, and
children as first marriage do. Managing these relationships and the issues they can
create becomes difficult for the most skilled partner.
Difficulties for Parents in a Stepfamily

Parents can face problems adjusting to their new family, including:
 One or both partners may bring hang-ups and unresolved feelings from their earlier
relationship into the current situation.
 Disciplining someone else’s child can cause resentment.
 There could be unexpected problems with child maintenance or access visits.
 The partners may have conflicting visions of family life or different rules for the home.
 One partner may not like the other partner’s children.
 Even positive change can be stressful.
Difficulties for a Child in a Stepfamily

A child can face problems adjusting to the new family, including:
 They may be still mourning the break-up of their original family. Children generally want the
return of the original family, even if it was not a happy family.

 They may have been hoping their parents would reunite, and the new relationship crushes
their dream. The child may try to (unconsciously) sabotage the new family in an effort to
regain their old family.
 Confusion and jealousy may arise if their absent parent establishes a new relationship and
has their own ‘new’ family too.
 The decision to make a stepfamily is decided by the two adults and not the children, who
may not want a new arrangement.
 The child may resent or even hate the new partner, at least for a while.
 Moving to a new home, new neighbourhood or new school can cause insecurity.
 They have to share a house with people they don’t know very well.
 They resent being disciplined by the new partner.
 They don’t get along with their step-siblings.
 They feel they don’t know their place within the family.
 They resent their change of place in the family.
 They feel left out and uncertain about the new family.
 They dislike having to share their parent with the other partner and stepchildren.
Helping your Child to adjust to a Stepfamily

A child needs to feel their problems and feelings are taken seriously, no matter how trivial
their complaint or worry may seem to an adult. Children are trying to tell you something through
their behaviour. Rather than punishing them, try to understand.
Some suggestions to help your child to adjust include:
 Listen to your child when they want to talk to you. Make time to listen to them and make
sure you won’t be interrupted.
 Encourage them to talk about their feelings or troubles.
 Don’t try to force a relationship between your child and their step-parent or step-siblings.
 Establish a regular time for family-oriented activities, such as games or discussions.
 Have meals together.
 Set up regular routines to give your child a sense of security.
 Make time to spend with your child, one-on-one.
 Regularly reassure the child of your love and support.
 Discuss and resolve problems that affect the family as a whole, such as discipline, with
everyone, including the children.
 Decide about new family traditions, such as how to celebrate Christmas or birthdays, as a
family.
 Make sure your child gets some privacy, even if they have to share a bedroom.
 Encourage access and contact with the absent parent.
 Give your child time to come to terms with the changes, and don’t expect adjustment to
happen in just a few weeks or months.
 Seek professional help if you need it.
Factors Influencing Adjustment

 Gender and age
 Number of transitions
 Marital quality
 Parenting style changes
 Discipline consistency
Working things out together in a Stepfamily

The best way for family members to handle fights and problems is to sit down and talk
about them. Yelling or sulking do not work and just make things tense.
Some suggestions for young people include:
 Explain how you feel as honestly as you can. Remember every family member has a right
to their feelings. Start your conversation with ‘I feel’ – this allows your feelings to be heard
and isn’t blaming anyone else. This technique can allow others, who are also hurt and
upset, to be better able to listen to you.
 Try to stay calm.
 Remember that you’re trying to solve a problem, not win an argument.
 Be prepared to listen as well as talk.
 Once you’ve worked out what the exact problem is, try to find solutions together.
 Be reasonable. It’s not always possible to get what you want – you may have to
compromise.
Perspectives: Structural Functionalism

- According to functionalists, individuals have the greatest chance of success if they grow up
in a traditional family with father instrumental and mother expressive.
Perspectives: Conflict
- Family members compete for resources, stepfamilies create more conflict because of
additional family members and blurred roles.
Perspectives: Symbolic Interactionism

- Meanings of the configuration of a family are constructed, and reconstructed, through
increased interactions. Like all relationships, must have interaction.
Benefits of Remarriage for Parents

 Emotional closeness, intimacy, and sexual satisfaction.
 Greater self-esteem, contentment, and happiness.
 Have someone with whom they can share both the financial and caregiving responsibilities.
 Remarried parents report feelings of stress and depression related to the many demands they
experience.
Unique Aspects of Stepfamilies

All members are not biologically related. Unlike the biological family, in which the children
are genetically related to both parents, children in the step family are related to only one parent.
Assessment
Direction: Answer the following questions in a yellow pad, short/long bond paper with 3-4 sentences only.
1. Why would any remarry? What are the benefits? What are the costs? 10 pts
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________.
2. You have already heard of cases of “broken homes”. What are the reasons behind this problem?
Can you still resolve this and other problems that confront Filipino family? How? 10 pts

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________.
3. Are you in favor of divorce in the Philippines? Justify your answer.
What measures can be taken for a couple who find that they can no longer live together as
husband and wife? 15 pts
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________.
4. Give at least 3 Strengths and 3 weakness of Stepfamilies. And explain how those weakness and
strengths affects members of the stepfamilies. 15 pts
References:
1. Cruz, Rosario Claridad, Ph. D. T.H.E in the 21st Century

2. Garcia, Corazon, et al. Technology and Home Economics
3. Dr. Rojo, Cruz, et al. Technology and Home Economics, Revised Edition September, 2005
4. Santiago, Marites F. et al. Technology and livelihood Education. Published Copyrighted 2013,
distributed by St. Andrew Publishing House.
5. Marriage and Family Wellbeing. Volume 25, Number 2, 2015
6. Gwen Dewar, Ph.D . Parenting styles: An evidence-based, cross-cultural guide
© 2010-2018
7. https://www.slideserve.com/calandra-nicoli/lesson-15-remarriage-and-stepfamilies
8. https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/HealthyLiving/stepfamilies?viewAsPdf=true
9. Quantum Units Continuing education, Published on July 4, 2016



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Republic of the Philippines

NORTHERN NEGROS STATE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

COURSE MARRIAGE AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS

MODULE 3 LESSON 1: Managing Work, Technology, Careers and Family

Phone No./s 09124459531

Reflect on the pictures above and ask yourself…

This document is a property of NONESCOST Module 3 | Page 1

Work and Family

There are two kinds of work for families:

Communicating about household work:

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Family Life Affects Jobs:

Need to balance Work and Family Life

Why Is A Balance Important?

Why Do People Get Out of Balance?

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Obstacles to the Wife Pursuing a Career

The Interface of Work and Family Life

This mom’s military career certainly

This document is a property of NONESCOST Module 3 | Page 4

Work life balance means spending 50%

The Six Components of Work-Life Balance

Stress and Work Pressure

Signs and symptoms of stress

This document is a property of NONESCOST Module 3 | Page 5

Reasons for Imbalance

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Benefits from Work Life Balance

Feeling more rested Increased

Improved on-the-job Better team work

Tools for Managing at Home

 A Family Calendar – accessible to all

COURSE MARRIAGE AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS

This document is a property of NONESCOST Module 3 | Page 8

MODULE 3 LESSON 2:B. Couple and family therapy

Phone No./s 09124459531

Give your opinion why the husband/wife became substance-abusing spouse.

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What is Family Therapy?

Models of Family Therapy

Challenges and Threats to Filipino Families

Delinquency among adolescents

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Physical, psychological and verbal abuse

Types of Domestic Violence

The dangers of drug abuse

Why do children and young adults use drugs?

Ways to help children say “NO TO DRUGS”

When children are into drugs, the following are advisable:

This document is a property of NONESCOST Module 3 | Page 12

Problems of the Filipino Family

Problems Couples Bring to Marriage Therapy

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- Spouse takes too many pills

Relationship and Family Counseling

This document is a property of NONESCOST Module 3 | Page 15

Example of Juvenile Delinquency Example of Domestic Violence

Additional Activity (20pts)