Learning Guide Module

Subject Code SS2 World History I

Module Code 1.0 Geography (Concepts and Theories)
Lesson Code 1.2 Topography, Climate, and Natural Resources
Time Limit 30 minutes

Components Sample Tasks TA ATA

(min) (min)
a b

Targets By the end of this module, the students will be able to: 1
1. identify the different characteristics inherent in the regions such as
topography, climate and natural resources;
2. discuss the impacts of these different geographic characteristic to the
various ways of life and cultures of the people across the world; and
3. relate the importance of understanding these geographic characteristics in
our lives.
Hook Though it is true that we live in one planet, but people from different 1
continents have different cultures, physical appearances, and even food…and
these are normal! So, what could be the factors that cause these differences? Let’s
find out!

Ignite 12
TOPOGRAPHY, CLIMATE, AND NATURAL RESOURCES

In this Learning Guide, you will learn about some geographical factors
that affect differences in our cultures and ways of life. These topics are very
important for us to understand the world we live in. Knowing the things that we
can do to take care of our environment, and for us to be reminded that differences
are normal because we do not belong to the same region. We do not practice the
same culture but we are all connected and could live in harmony by promoting a
culture of respect and acceptance.

TOPOGRAPHY

Nelson (2020) stated that topography “describes the physical features of

a land area. It basically helps us to understand more about natural formations such
as mountains, rivers, lakes, and valleys, and manmade features such as roads,
dams, and cities.” Studying this helps us understand different characteristics of
people in a certain place such as their culture, livelihood, and other ways of life,
and it gives us a glimpse about the kind of biodiversity that can be found in various
places.

Important terms to remember:

 Landforms - include anything that physically affects an area
Example: oceans, mountains, valleys, hills, plateau, glaciers, lakes, rivers
 Elevation – height of mountains and other objects, recorded in reference
to the surface of the ocean
 Latitude - north/south position of a location in reference from the
equator, a horizontal line drawn around the middle of the Earth (see the
illustration below)
  Longitude - east/west position of a location, generally measured in
degrees from the Prime Meridian (see the illustration below)

Topographical Map- a geographical tool that shows the physical features of an

area

LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE

Source: http://www. .co.uk/Nav-Latitude-Longitude.aspx

This shows an illustration of longitude and latitude. These

are imaginary lines used to better understand locations of
places and the various factors affecting their surroundings.
 TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP

Source: http://www.compassdude.com/topographic-maps.php

This is an example of a topographical map. If you want to know

more on how to read topographic maps or other maps, you may visit
http://www.compassdude.com/map-reading.php for more
information.

CLIMATE

Nelson (2020) defined climate as “the average measurements of

temperature, wind, humidity, snow, and rain in a place over the course of years.”
Let us keep in mind that climate is different from weather. The latter talks about
the changes in the atmosphere that occur on a daily basis while climate lasts
much longer than the weather. It usually takes years for climate to change and it
happens gradually.

Understanding the Climate of the Earth

For us to know some climates of the different parts of the Earth, we have to
understand the different climate zones. Thomas Steiner (n.d), identified four
major climate zones, and these are:
 Polar and subpolar zone- consists of cool summers or not so hot
summer days and very cold winters (places found in this zone usually
have treeless tundra, glaciers, or a permanent or semi-permanent layer
of ice).
 Temperate zone- no extreme temperature and precipitation, change or
shifting of summer to winter and vise versa is generally smooth (not too
cold and not too hot).
  Subtropical zone- has a relatively high temperatures, it usually
experiences evenly distributed rainy days in a year
 Tropical zone- has only two seasons, the dry season and the wet season

So which climate zone do you think our country belongs? See the illustration
below. You may also check the climates of other countries. This may be helpful
to you especially when you want to travel in these countries someday.

THE CLIMATE OF THE WORLD

Credits: https://content.meteoblue.com/nl/meteoscool/general-climate-zones

This shows the climatic conditions of the different parts of the

Earth. You must familiarize yourself with the different regions or
continents for a better understanding of these climatic profiles. If you do
not have a world map at home or if you do not have access to the internet,
you may refer to your Social Science book, Patterns of Interaction (see
page A2-A3) to see the different continents and countries, and check their
climates based on the climate profile shown above.

NATURAL RESOURCES

Natural resources are naturally-made materials that can be used by

humans for economic advantages (“Renewable Resources Co,” 2016). Presence
of natural resources around the world depends on various factors affecting the
environment such as climate and their topography. Natural resources are finite
that means, these cannot be replaced once they’re gone.
 Four Types of Natural Resources
Todd (2015) identified the four types of natural resources, these are:

 Renewable- they can be reproduced/replicated (example: planting of

coconuts will make you produce another source of coconuts)
 Living- living resources such as plants and animals (sources of food and
other materials)
 Nonrenewable-cannot be replaced once used/gathered (example: gold,
silver, diamond, etc.)
 Fossil fuels- these are sources of power/energy sources (example: oil,
coal, and diesel)
Navigate v GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: 8
A. You are given 15 minutes to answer the questions for Navigate and Knot.
You are expected to answer these completely, honestly, and correctly.
B. Assessments found in this Learning Guide are all graded.
D. For the essay part, refer to the scoring guide for your guidance in answering
the questions.

SCORING GUIDE
INDICATORS 5 4 3 2 1
Content and Relevance- All of the Only 2 of Only one Two One
Answers the questions three the three indicator indicators indicator
correctly, directly, indicators indicators was well were provided was
completely, and logically, were well were well provided but lack provided
all the details written are provided provided or coherence to but lacks
relevant to the topic being or or observed the overall coherence
discussed. observed observed idea of the to the
Argumentation- answer. overall
Arguments/insights (example: idea of
provided are sensible and argumentation the
well explained (may use and use of answer.
data/information/evidence language are (example:
to support the observed but use of
claim/answer) these are not language
Use of language- Uses relevant to the is
clear transitions to further topic) observed
elaborate the answer. but it has
There is/are no error in no
spelling. Supplemental insights,
sentences clearly support and ideas
the main idea/thought of are not
the answer. relevant
to the
topic)
Short Response: Provide and explain at least one (for each characteristic)
importance of understanding these geographic characteristics in our life.

TOPOGRAPHY CLIMATE NATURAL

RESOURCES
Knot SCORING GUIDE 7
INDICATORS 5 4 3 2 1
Content and Relevance- All of the Only 2 of Only Two One
Answers the questions three the three one indicators indicator
correctly, directly, indicators indicators indicator were provided was
completely, and logically, were well were well was well but lack provided
all the details written are provided provided provided coherence to but lacks
relevant to the topic being or or or the overall coherence
discussed. observed observed observed idea of the to the
Argumentation- answer. overall
Arguments/insights (example: idea of
provided are sensible and argumentation the
well explained using and use of answer.
data/information/evidence language are (example:
to support the observed but use of
claim/answer. these are not language
Use of language- Uses relevant to the is
clear transitions to further topic) observed
elaborate the answer. but it has
There is/are no error in no
spelling. Supplemental insights,
sentences clearly support and ideas
the main idea/thought of are not
the answer. relevant
to the
topic)

Short Response: Give two implications of these geographic characteristics in

impacting various ways of life and cultures of people across the world.
 ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT (Graded)

Please wait for your teacher’s instruction before doing this task.

GEOGRAPHIC PROFILING. Create a brochure/infographic material about

these geographic characteristics of the different regions of the Earth. You may
use a different format as long as needed information are found in your output.
Use the rubric as your guide.

Australia
America

America

Oceania
Europe
Africa

North

South

and
Asia

TOPOGRAPHY
 Include
description
of the
region’s
topography
 include at
least five
famous
landforms
found in
each region
CLIMATE
 Describe the
climate of
each region
 Include at
least 3 trivia
or any
interesting
facts about
their climate

NATURAL RESOURCES
 Identify their
main
products/
natural
resources
that are
abundant in
each region

POPULATION
(estimated
population of
each region (as
of 2019 or 2020
if data are
available)
CULTURE
Identify 5
unique cultures/
practices of
each region
 Category Excellent Proficient Adequate Limited
Relevance The output The output The output The output
and Content contains all of contains 4 of contains 3 of contains 2 or
(10) the required the required the required less of the
elements elements with elements with required
(Topography, correct correct elements with
Climate, description/ descriptions/ correct
Natural needed information descriptions/
Resources, information (5-6) information (1-
Population, (7-8) 4)
Culture) with
correct needed
information (9-
10)
Creativity Output is Good creative Output is Output has a
(10) excellently effort. Output adequate. sloppy
created shows Some parts of appearance.
reflecting evidence of the Introduction
creativity and a sufficient time presentation and overall
lot of thought. spent on it. are interesting. presentation is
Introduction Introduction Some uninteresting.
and overall and overall materials are Materials are
presentation is presentation is complete and incomplete and
very interesting interesting and organized. not organized.
and attractive. attractive. Presentation Presentation has
Materials are Materials are has some no sequence or
complete and complete and sequence and plan evident.
organized to organized. plan evident. (1-4)
present the Presentation (5-6)
ideas well. (9- has sequence
10) and plan
evident. (7-8)
Citation/use All references used are included and are arranged using APA format
of references (6th edition)
(5) (No references cited- zero for this category)

a
suggested time allocation set by the teacher
b
actual time spent by the student (for information purposes only)

REFERENCES:

Albarico, J.M. (2013). THINK Framework. (Based on Ramos, E.G. and N. Apolinario. (n.d.) Science
LINKS. Rex Bookstore Inc.)

Beck, R. B., Black, L., Krieger, L., Naylor, P. C., & Shabaka, D. I. (2014). Chapter 20 Section 2
European Nations Settle North America. In World history: Patterns of interaction. Orlando, FL:
Holt McDougal/Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

Map direction navigation. (n.d.). Compassdude. Retrieved August 12, 2020, from
http://www.compassdude.com/map-reading.php

Mountain & Hill Walking Safety Latitude & Longitude. (n.d.). Www.Mountainsafety.Co.u.Retrieved
August 5, 2020, from http://www.mountainsafety.co.uk/Nav-Latitude-Longitude.aspx

Nelson, Ken. (2020). Earth Science for Kids: Topography. Ducksters. Retrieved from
https://www.ducksters.com/science/earth_science/topography.php

Nelson, Ken. (2020). Science for Kids: Climate. Ducksters. Retrieved from
https://www.ducksters.com/science/climate.php
Renewable Resources Co. (2019, September 24). Top 11 Natural Resources. Renewable Resources
Coalition. https://www.renewableresourcescoalition.org/top-natural-resources/

Steiner, T. (n.d.). General climate zones. Meteoblue. Retrieved August 12, 2020, from
https://content.meteoblue.com/nl/meteoscool/general-climate-zones

The Temperate Climate. The Köppen Climate Classification System. (n.d.). ISC-Audubon. Retrieved
August 12, 2020, from https://www.thesustainabilitycouncil.org/the-koppen-climate-
classification-system/the-temperate-climate/

Todd, H. (2015, October 29). The FOUR TYPES OF NATURAL RESOURCES. Hannahsweb.
https://htodd5.wixsite.com/hannahsweb/single-post/2015/10/29/The-FOUR-TYPES-OF-
NATURAL-RESOURCES

Topographic Map Reading. (n.d.-b). Compassdude. Retrieved August 12, 2020, from
http://www.compassdude.com/topographic-maps.php

Prepared by: Zandra B. Lid-ayan Reviewed by: Joeylyn Terania

Position: Special Science Teacher II Position: Special Science Teacher I
Campus: PSHS-IRC Campus: PSHS-WVC