1

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

A disease is a condition that impairs the proper functioning of the body or of

one of its part. Every living thing, both plants and animals, can succumb to disease.

People, for example, are often infected by bacteria, but bacteria, in turn, can be infected

by viruses. There are lot of different diseases exist. Each has its own particular set of

symptoms and signs, clues that enable a physician to diagnose the problem. A

symptom is something a patient can detect, such as fever, bleeding or pain. Human

naturally experience these things especially wounds, especially for kids and adults who

do heavy works.

To treat wound and infection, there are commercial medicines are available in

the market. One reason is the high pricing of commercial medicines that many people

can’t afford due to lack of budget. And according to, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical

Biomedicine (2014), the indiscriminate use of antimicrobial drugs the microorganisms

has developed resistance to many antibiotics. This has created immense clinical

problems in the treatment of infectious diseases. In addition to this problem, antibiotics

are sometimes associated with adverse effects on host which include hyper sensitivity

and allergic reactions.

Betadine tree is not an ordinary plant. It was used by the native people in

different countries to treat different kinds of diseases and wounds. The leaves are used

in scabies: the latex is applied over wounds and ulcer and the oil is used both internally
 2

and externally as abortifacient. The bark and leaves are used as medicine for, itchy skin

and skin eczema. The stems were employed as chewing sticks used for dental care

and its resin contributes to the faster healing of wounds.

The high cost of commercial medicine has made people resort to medicinal

plants to treat different ailments. The main problem concerned with the betadine tree is

the ability to treat wounds, its effect on healing time and ability to reduce bacterial

presence. Many pharmacological studies have been conducted to investigate the

properties of betadine tree multi-purpose medicinal agent. The leaves, the latex and the

fruits of this plant are used in the treatment of infected wounds, skin infection and as a

cicatrizing, ulcers, oral thrush, constipation and fever.

The purpose of this study is to promote the awareness of people about the ability

of organic betadine tree resin to treat wounds, its effect on healing time and ability to

reduce bacterial presence. Minor skin infections and wounds usually heal without

treatment, but some minor skin wounds may heal faster when an organic betadine is

applied on the affected area. Aside from that, the researchers want to help people who

cannot afford commercial antiseptic and those communities where commercial

medicine is not available. Through this study, the people will have awareness of the

benefits of betadine tree resin for wounds. They may also use it as a cheap alternative

source of antiseptic and everyone will surely benefit from it.

 3

Conceptual Framework

This conceptual framework provides readers to have an overview about the study

conducted by the researchers. This will be beneficial for future researchers and to the

public.

Traditional medicine particularly herbal medicine considered as a major health care

provider around the globe particularly in rural and remote areas. A large section of

people depends on such medicine for their primary health care mainly in

underdeveloped or developing countries. Traditional medicine or medicinal plants are

also considered as a vital source of new drug. Mainstreaming of such medicine is

important for the people. Several steps have been taken in India to promote such

medicine and to integrate them into clinical practice. Evidence based incorporation of

Indian traditional medicine in clinical practice will help to provide quality health care to

all. (Saikat Sen, 2017)

Herbal medicines have been used to accelerate wound healing since ancient times.

This concept is related to the study because its intention is to promote the traditional

medicine specially betadine tree to treat wounds. Addition to that, many rural areas

cannot provide synthetic medicines due to its price range. Plant products are hundreds

in number; on one hand, most of them not in the purest form, on the other hand, few of

them are toxic. Therefore, suggested doses and proper administration of all herbal

medicine is undercover; furthermore, many plant products are associated with mild and

infrequent gastrointestinal or dermatological reactions upon administration. It has been

showed that the reported adverse events are significantly less in herbal products
 4

compared to synthetic drugs. (Dan, et al 2018)

This concept is related to the study because the researchers want a cure that is

safe to everyone. The doses of the medicine have an impact in the healing process of

the wound. Since the skin is the largest part of the body and it provides protection, it

must be taken with care.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Readings in the features Distribution

Promotion on
of Betadine Tree Resin. and retrieval
awareness of the
of survey
Characteristics of
medicinal benefits
questionnaire.
Betadine Tree Resin.
of betadine tree
Testing the resin.
Effects of Betadine Tree
product to
Resin.
Respondents.

Figure 1

Research Paradigm

The input process includes readings in the features of betadine tree resin on

treating wound. This is where the researcher will be guided to the flow of their research.

The process contains the distribution of survey questionnaire and testing of the

products to the residents. The researchers will conduct question that may help to

answer the statement of the problem (SOP).

 5

The output contained the promotion on awareness of the medicinal benefits of betadine

tree resin. This will serve as the final output of the researchers.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the assessing the betadine tree resin as medication

for wounds.

Specifically, it sought to answers to the following questions:

1. What are the characteristics of betadine tree resin that made it possible to

treat wounds?

2. What effects are noticed on the wounds after the application of betadine

tree resin?

3. Is there a significant relationship between on the characteristics of betadine

tree resin and its noticeable effects on wounds after its application?

4. What informative material can be provided to promote awareness on the

medicinal benefits of betadine tree resin?

Hypothesis

There is no significant relationship between the characteristics and noticeable

effects of betadine tree resin as medication for wounds.

Scope, Limitation and Delimitation of the Study

This study focused on assessment of betadine tree resin as medication for wounds.
 6

This was focused on the resin of the tree. The researches also tackled about the

characteristics and noticeable effects of betadine tree resin in wounds.

The research has some inherent limitations that were recognized by the

researchers. The exact number of respondents was not estimated because it was

based on the number of people in Conde Labac who will acquire. Instead they only

choose 65 people in Conde Labac to stand as their respondents. The researchers was

unable to visit the respondent regularly due to time and financial constraint.

It is delimited only to the people of Conde Labac who have wound as the

respondents. Instead of other illness, wounds are emphasized in the study. It does not

include other illness that the betadine tree can heal. This study was conducted to

sought the relationship presented in the characteristics and effectiveness.

Significance of the Study

The results of this study were beneficial to the following:

People. This would help to be aware of the medical benefits of the herbal medicine

specially the betadine trees resin and its capacity to heal and treat wounds.

B.Officials. This would guide the Brgy. Officials of Conde Labac to maintain the

number of betadine tree in the barangay. The usage of betadine tree resin can be

used as an advocacy about health.

Housewives. This can be used as an emergency medicine and first aid for the

children at home.

Students. This would benefit the students because they are prone to motor
 7

accidents.

Future Researcher. This would help the future researchers, because this can be

used as a reference on their own research related to this topic, this study may

provide them with the information they need in their own study.

Definition of Terms

For the better understanding, the following words are defined either

conceptually/operationally:

Antiseptic. It is a substance that kills germs and harmful bacteria (Collins, 2019).

Betadine. It is an antiseptic agent used topically to destroy microbes. In

comparison to iodine, it is less likely to sensitize or sting the affected area (Elsevier,

2017).

Enzymes. It is a chemical substance in animals and plants that helps to cause

natural processes (Merriam, 2018).

Infection. It is the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria,

viruses, and parasites that are not normally present within the body (MedicineNet,

2019).

Medicine. It is a drug or medicine and the administration of a drug or medicine

(WebMD, LLC, 2019).

Resins. It is a yellow or brown sticky substance that comes from some trees and

that is used to make various products (Merriam, 2019).

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In this study, the resins of the betadine tree will be used as medication for wounds.

Scabies. It is one of several skin conditions that can cause itching and rashes. It is

a dermatologic condition caused by sarcoptes scabiei, an eight-legged microscopic

mite (NEWSLETTER, 2019).

Wounds. It is a break in the continuity of any bodily tissue due to violence, where

violence is understood to encompass any action of external agency, including, for

example, surgery (Britannica, 2019).

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

 9

Related Literature

As stated by Nainggolan (2018), betadine tree is a plant commonly used to treat

wound. A person who lives in TebingTinggi use plants as a remedy for new wound and

are believed to prevent infection in wound.

The phytochemical tests carried out on the sap of betadine tree have revealed

the presence of tannins (gallic and cathechic), flavonoids, saponins,

leucoanthocyanes, mucilage, and reducing compounds. The power of hemostatic

sap is really explained by the strong presence of tannins and flavonoids. Indeed, the

tannins can stop the bleeding and fight against infections. The tannins-rich plants are

used to make o their ability to form complexes with macromolecules, especially

proteins (Paris and Moyse, 2014).

According to A. Tikkanen (2020), that natural resins are typically fusible and

flammable organic substances that are transparent or translucent and are yellowish

to brown in colour. Any natural or synthetic organic compound consisting of a

noncrystalline or viscous liquid substance.

Resins are produced in special resin cells in plants, and are also produced when

an injury occurs to the plant. Sticky “sap” flows from the tree, essentially making a

bandage over the wound that hardens and eventually fossilizes into an incredibly

hard substance called amber (United States Department of Agriculture, 2019).

Based from J. Ramsey (2019), resin cleaning will prevent the buildup of organic

compounds and even can clear built-up iron from the pores of beads. There are

several methods and products available for continuous resin cleaning. One option is
 10

powder cleaners, such as Pro Products’ Softener Mate or Ban T, which are designed

specifically to clean oils and organic compounds. Powder cleaners can be layered in

between each bag of salt or poured directly down the brine well to treat extremely

fouled resin.

According to M. Hamann 2014, the effectiveness of J. multifida latex for wound

healing. Results showed J. multifida latex is as effective as Betadine in treating

wounds. Also, latex was shown to hasten the healing of wounds. Latex used for

wounds and skin infections. Poultice of root bark and roots used as wound dressing.

Roots, taken internally, for worms and gonorrhea. The plant exudes a milky juice and

latex is as effective as betadine in treating wounds.

Resins are produced in special resin cells in plants, and are also produced when

an injury occurs to the plant. Resins can be produced through the bark of a tree, the

flowers of an herb, or the buds of a shrub (U.S. FOREST SERVICE).

According to J. Young 2009, the coat of insect with petroleum jelly or tree sap to

cut off its air. If the rash is localized, it creates a light bleach to dry up the area then

cleanse the wounded area.

Related Studies

According to K. Anani, (2016), the antibacterial on germs isolated from wound,

anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of betadine tree resin were assayed by

NCCLS broth method, carrageenan and histamine, DPPH and FRAP respectively.

The results indicated that betadine tree resin possesses antibacterial and anti-

inflammatory and weak antioxidant activities that could justify its use for the treatment
 11

of wounds in the folk medicine.

Betadine tree is a plant that has a lot of benefits as traditional medicine Nigerian

population use betadine tree as a traditional medicine for treating various type of

infection. The sap and leaves can be used to cure infections of the baby's tongue

and can also use to treat wound infections in the skin, while fruits, seeds, and oils

from plant seeds (betadine tree) can be used as a laxative, treat bleeding wounds,

prevent and treat tooth decay such as dental caries (Dwi Anggita, et al, 2018).

In addition, the history of wound healing across the globe abounds with usage of

various herbs for treating simple cuts and bruises to serious burns. Wound healing is

a complex and dynamic process and, moreover, depends a lot on the wound bearing

person’s immunity and mental status (A. Majumdar, 2016).

The leaf extracts of the betadine tree have antibacterial and antifungal activities.

This supports its use in wound dressing, cuts and treatment of skin infections. (Ajayi,

O.A, 2018).

The histological analysis pointed out that the test group presented a greater

maturing process in the wounded area. Therefore, the betadine tree exudates

presented a tendency to accelerate the wound healing process; however, more

studies must be made to develop the plantaction. (DanielaRegina Buch,2016).

In spite of progress made in scientific research in the past few years, treatment of

many diseases still remain a problem, chronic inflammation and pain is one of the

world’s major health problem (Adedapo et al., 2014). Therefore, the research

Jatropha Multifida with claimed anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in folklore

 12

seen as a logical research strategy for the quests for new anti-inflammatory and

analgesic agents. (Gupta et al., 2015)

The antimicrobial activity of the resin acids, even against multi-resistant bacteria,

is documented in several earlier papers in the literature in English, suggesting that

the resin acids are strongly antimicrobial (Helsinki 2013).

Tissue repair is a necessity for life and well-being. The proper healing of skin

wounds is an example of this well-being. An acute wound is defined as injury of the

skin, which heals in a predictable time through normal wound healing process

(Helsinki 2013).

In this phase, granulation tissue is formed from the fibrin/fibronectin matrix.

PDGF and TGF-β attract fibroblasts and myofibroblasts into the wound area at days

2 to 4. These cells migrate, proliferate and produce the new ECM composed of

fibronectin, hyaluronic acid (HA), collagen, and finally of proteoglycans. It is

composed of macrophages intermixed with collagen, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs),

fibronectin and tenascin. It appears as early as 48 hours after wounding, and the

fibroblasts become its predominant cell type at 96 hours (Helsinki 2013).

This resin is yellowish and liquid and can be trickled by artificially wounding of the

tree trunk. Some distilled fractions of the wood extracts of coniferous trees are called

rosins and contain only resin acids in varying ratios, being, thereby, largely similar in

composition to the natural heartwood resin (oleoresin) (Helsinki 2013).

On the trunk, the initially liquid physiological resin (oleoresin) will be hardened

with time resulting in multicolored, dark and semisolid material (Fig. 1). This material,
 13

“callus” resin, is mechanically removable, for example, by knife or axe. This non-

physiological “callus” resin occurs as nodular swellings on the rim of the wound

(Helsinki 2013).

Synthesis

The researcher claims that each article from journal and online resources will

help to point out the facts that may help to answer the following question. The

betadine tree resin is a remedy for new wound and is believed to prevent infection.

The data that the researchers obtained showed that betadine tree resin has the

capacity to clean wounds by its antimicrobial property.

The researchers also discovered that Betadine Tree was used by people who live

in different areas. As stated by Nainggolan (2018), betadine tree is a plant commonly

used to treat wound. A person who lives in Tebing Tinggi use plants as a remedy for

new wound and are believed to prevent infection in wound.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of betadine tree resin on the

wound healing process and wound healing activity. The treatment of wounds with the

sap from betadine tree provided better results.

In general, related literature's and related studies that had been presented are

similar and focused on the healing process of the wounds. These different patterns of

terms and particular respondents are focused in Conde Labac, Batangas City. These

data that the researchers collected will serve as evidence that the betadine tree can

be use as medication for wounds.

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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents research procedures that were used in this study. These were

presented in the following sections: research design, population and sample, research

instrument, data gathering procedures and statistical tools used to analyze and interpret

the data gathering.

Research Design

This study utilized experimental method and analysis of numerical data using

specific statistical techniques to answer questions like who, how much, what, where,

when, how many, and how. It also describes the methods of explaining an issue or

phenomenon through gathering data in numerical form. The study further reveals that

quantitative methods can be categorized into; survey research, correlational research,

experimental research and causal-comparative research as cited by Apuke, Oberiri

(2017).

The researcher chose quasi-experimental as their design. The researchers believed

that these design was the most suitable for this study. According to Mari L. Schweizer,

PhD (2016), quasi-experimental research design evaluates the association between an

intervention and an outcome using experiments in which the intervention is not

randomly assigned. Quasi-experimental research design is often used to evaluate rapid

responses to outbreaks or other patient safety problems requiring prompt non-

randomized interventions.
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Subject of the Study 

The subject of the study was the people on Conde Labac, Batangas City. The

researchers came up with 65 respondents to this study. According to InterQ Research

(2020), the goal in quantitative studies is to obtain a large enough sample that a range

of opinions will be represented, but not so large that the uncovered data is repetitive

and 30 participants seems to be an ideal sample size for the most comprehensive view

of an issue, but studies with as few as 10 participants can yield fruitful and applicable

results.

The researchers used the purposive sampling. The researchers selected only the

respondents that would fit in the study. According to Arikunto (2010), a purposive

sampling is the process of selecting sample by taking subject that is not based on the

level or area, but it is taken based on the specific purpose.

Data Gathering Instrument

To gather data of the study, the researcher utilized a self-made questionnaire in

which the items were based from specific question raised in Chapter 1. The part 1 and

part 2 were presented in two different tables. According to S. Penczak (2020), the

respondents provide socially acceptable answers, regardless of accuracy. Because

perceived anonymity is high in internet surveys, evidence suggests they are less

susceptible to social desirability bias and, therefore, are a good way to obtain sensitive

information. The questionnaire was made by the researchers with the help of books and

other reference materials concerning the betadine tree resin.

The first part of the questionnaire consists of the characteristics of the betadine tree
 16

and the last part is composed of the noticeable effects of the betadine tree resin with

this self-made questions. The researchers believed that these would answer their

questions in Chapter 1.

For scoring of responses, the Five-Point Likert Scale from where the respondents

chose what option was truest to them.

TABLE 1

Five-Point Likert Scale

OPTION SCALE VERBAL

INTERPRETATION
5 4.6 – 5.0 Highly Noticed
4 3.6 – 4.5 Moderate Noticed
3 2.6 – 3.5 Neutral
2 1.6 – 2.5 Somewhat Noticed
1 1.0 – 1.5 Not Noticed

Data Gathering Procedure

As soon as the researchers came up with the topic for the proposal and after it has

been approved, the researchers sought relevant literature and studies form books,

journal, theses, and dissertations.

With the approved questionnaire, the researchers sought permission to the

Barangay Captain of Conde Labac, Batangas City to conduct the study. After the

permission was granted, the researchers performed a convention that informed people

about the procedures of the study. Then the researchers requested the people of

Conde Labac to reach out if occurrence of wound comes off. Immediately after the
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researchers were contacted, copies of questionnaires were distributed along with the

betadine tree as remedy for wounds. The observation lasted in the span of four (4)

months.

Statistical Treatment of Data

As soon as the accomplished questionnaires were retrieved, the researchers tallied

and tabulated the data and applied the appropriate statistical treatment. The results

were interpreted and analyzed guided by the literature gathered.

To analyze and interpret the data, the following statistical tools were utilized:

Frequency. It is a part of correlational statistics. In statistics, frequency is the

number of times an event occurred. It is also referred as the number of tally marks for

each category or item. This is employed to determine the order of increasing or

decreasing treated. This was used to measure the number of time that the phenomenon

occurs.

Weighted Mean. This was used to quantify and qualify the data gathered on the

data gathered on the extent of availability and use of multimedia resources along

hardware software man power and connectivity. According to A. Ganti (2019), it is

computed in the manner of having the values in a data set that are influenced by some

attribute. The quantity was averaged to determine the relative importance of each on

the average. This was used to quantify the data gathered extent of availability and use

of betadine tree resin.

Formula:

Wm=
∑m
n
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Where:

Wm = Weighted Mean

∑m = Sum of the Mean Distribution

n = Total Number of Respondents

Rank. This was used to establish types of priority among a set of objects, whether

they be policies, attributes, organizations, individuals, or some other topic or property of

interest. This served as a guide to recognize the main priority to least.

Pearson’s r. It is a parametrical statistical method used in determining whether

there is a relationship between variables (Barrot, 2017). To be able to get the correlation

between the characteristics and noticeable effects of betadine tree, the researchers

used this statistical treatment.

This will be used to easily identify the relationship between the characteristics and

noticeable effectiveness of the resin. It will determine if there is relationship or no

relationship at all. This will be used to test the hypothesis of the study.

CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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This chapter presents the data gathered with the corresponding analysis and

interpretation to the present study.

1. Characteristics of Betadine Tree Resin

Table 1. Characteristics of Betadine Tree Resin

STATEMENTS WEIGHTED VERBAL RANK

MEAN INTERPRETATION
Transparent/Translucen Neutral 5
3.1
t
Yellowish 3.6 Moderately Noticed 3
Dries Easily 4.1 Moderately Noticed 1
Milky Sap / Latex 3.3 Neutral 4
Sticky 3.8 Moderately Noticed 2
COMPOSITE MEAN 3.6 Moderately Noticed
Table 1 shows the computed weighted mean and rank of the characteristics of

betadine tree resin as given by the respondents. The respondents responded

moderately noticed with 4.1 weighted mean that the resin of betadine tree can dries

easily. The weighted mean of 3.8 showed that respondents moderately noticed that

the betadine tree resin is sticky and 3.6 weighted mean as yellowish. Also, the

characteristic of milky sap / latex attained weighted mean of 3.3 and the resin that

characterize as transparent/translucent got a weighted mean of 3.1 along with the

verbal interpretation neutral. In all, the respondents answered positively with the total

composite mean 3.6 with verbal interpretation of moderately noticed.

In those characteristics, the respondents agree that the resins dry easily with 4.1

weighted mean and ranked 1st with the use of betadine tree resin noticed that in just a

couple of days the wounds already dried.

According to J. Young 2009, the coat of insect with petroleum jelly or tree sap to
 20

cut off its air. If the rash is localized, it creates a light bleach to dry up the area then

cleanse the wounded area.

In addition, the history of wound healing across the globe abounds with usage of

various herbs for treating simple cuts and bruises to serious burns. Wound healing is

a complex and dynamic process and, moreover, depends a lot on the wound bearing

person’s immunity and mental status (A. Majumdar, 2016).

The stickiness of resin rank as 2nd and verbally interpreted with 3.8 weighted

mean. With the respondents’ steady use of its resin they determined that the betadine

trees resin due its repetitive usage and it was supported by the study.

However, United States Department of Agriculture (2019), resins is produced in

special resin cells in plants, and are also produced when an injury occurs to the plant.

Sticky “sap” flows from the tree, essentially making a bandage over the wound that

hardens and eventually fossilizes into an incredibly hard substance called amber.

Therefore, the researches believed that the positive results from the respondents

may help to seek, understand and dig new and better information. This results

clarified that the characteristics of betadine resin helped the respondents to use this

tree as their alternative treatment.

The yellowish resin rank 3 rd and verbally interpreted moderately noticed with 3.6

weighted mean. They’ve been visualized the physical characteristic of resin of the

plant, and it was enunciating by the study.

According to Helsinki (2013), this resin is yellowish and liquid and can be trickled

by artificially wounding of the tree trunk. Some distilled fractions of the wood extracts
 21

of coniferous trees are called rosins and contain only resin acids in varying ratios,

being, thereby, largely similar in composition to the natural heartwood resin.

The milky sap resin rank 4th with verbal interpretation as neutral with 3.3 weighted

mean. The milky sap known as poison because it is closed by the flower and it was

supported by the study.

According to M. Hamann 2014, the effectiveness of J. multifida latex for wound

healing. Results showed J. multifida latex is as effective as Betadine in treating

wounds. Also, latex was shown to hasten the healing of wounds. Latex used for

wounds and skin infections. Poultice of root bark and roots used as wound dressing.

Roots, taken internally, for worms and gonorrhea. The plant exudes a milky juice and

latex is as effective as betadine in treating wounds.

The resin can be seen as transparent/translucent even though it is yellowish. It

ranked as 5th and verbally interpreted with 3.1 weighted mean. With the respondents’

steady use of its resin they observed that the resin looks like oil composition and it

was enunciating by the study.

According to A. Tikkanen (2020), that natural resins are typically fusible and

flammable organic substances that are transparent or translucent and are yellowish

to brown in colour. Any natural or synthetic organic compound consisting of a

noncrystalline or viscous liquid substance.

 22

2. Effects of Betadine Tree Resin

Table 2. Effects of Betadine Tree Resin

STATEMENTS WEIGHTED MEAN VERBAL RANK

INTERPRETATION
1. It cleanses the Moderately Noticed 1
4
wound.
2. It easily stops the Moderately Noticed 2
3.8
bleeding.
3. It fastens the Moderately Noticed 3
3.7
healing of wounds.
4. It dries the wound 3.6 Moderately Noticed 4
within 3-5 days.
5. It controls anti- Neutral 5
3.3
microbial.
COMPOSITE MEAN 3.7 Moderately Noticed

Table 2 showed that the respondents answered positively to the effects of

betadine resins with the composite mean of 3.7 and verbally interpreted moderately

agree. First in the rank was that resin can clean the wound with 4 as its weighted mean.

The respondents moderately noticed that the resin can easily stops the bleeding with

3.8 weighted mean. Also, the resin can fasten the healing of wound and verbally

interpreted as moderately noticed with 3.7 weighted mean. Together with 3.6 weighted

mean and verbally interpreted as moderately noticed that it dries the wound within 3-5

days. The lowest computed weighted mean of 3.3 was agreed by the respondents that it

can controls antimicrobial. The respondents positively answered with 3.7 composite

mean and verbally interpreted as moderately noticed.

It clearly showed that respondents moderately agree in the effectivity of resin.

They witnessed its effectiveness through their experience and using it for a long time.

They probably aware on how effective it is. Also, most of the people of Conde Labac

are using this resin in accordance of treating their own wounds.

 23

Having those effectiveness, the respondents moderately agree that the resin of

betadine can cleanses the wound with the ranked 1 st with 4 weighted mean. Through

the experience of the people around Conde Labac because they believed that it can

clean and not inflaming wounds.

Based from J. Ramsey (2019), resin cleaning will prevent the buildup of

organic compounds and even can clear built-up iron from the pores of beads. There

are several methods and products available for continuous resin cleaning. One option

is powder cleaners, such as Pro Products’ Softener Mate or Ban T, which are

designed specifically to clean oils and organic compounds. Powder cleaners can be

layered in between each bag of salt or poured directly down the brine well to treat

extremely fouled resin.

The respondents moderately agree and ranked 2 nd with 3.8 weighted mean. They

believed that the resin from the tree can easily stops the bleeding of wound. It can be

assumed by their exposure to wounds. This was supported by this study.

However, the phytochemical tests carried out on the sap of J. multifida have

revealed the presence of tannins (gallic and cathechic), flavonoids, saponins,

leucoanthocyanes, mucilage, and reducing compounds. The power of hemostatic sap

is really explained by the strong presence of tannins and flavonoids. Indeed, the

tannins (sap) can stop the bleeding and fight against infections. The tannins-rich

plants are used to make o their ability to form complexes with macromolecules,

especially proteins (Paris and Moyse, 2014).

Based on the respondents, they consider that the resin can fasten the healing of

their own wounds. It was ranked 3rd with 3.7 weighted mean. It is probably because they
 24

always applying the resin in the wounded area. They might be doing it repeatedly that

also helps in healing of wounds.

According to Helsinki 2013, it appears as early as 48 hours after wounding, and

the fibroblasts become its predominant cell type at 96 hours.

The people in Conde Labac are not afraid of being wounded since they already

know that it will dry their wounds within 3-5 days, based on their experience. It was

verbally interpreted as moderately noticed and it was on 4 th ranked with 3.6 weighted

mean.

Furthermore, this phase, granulation tissue is formed from the fibrin/fibronectin

matrix. It attracts fibroblasts and myofibroblasts into the wound area at days 2 to 4.

These cells migrate, proliferate and produce the new ECM composed of fibronectin,

hyaluronic acid (HA), collagen, and finally of proteoglycans. It is composed of

macrophages intermixed with collagen, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), fibronectin and

tenascin (Helsinki 2013).

Lastly, using betadine tree resin as an alternative medicine has proven that it

contains anti-microbial with the verbal interpretation neutral and 3.3 weighted mean.

The respondents felt the formation of bubbles that eliminates the bacteria. Betadine

tree resin removed the inflammation caused by the bacteria and it was supported by

this study.

However, the antibacterial on germs isolated from wound, anti-inflammatory and

antioxidant activities of Jatropha multifida were assayed by NCCLS broth method,

carrageenan and histamine, DPPH and FRAP respectively. The results indicated that
 25

Jatropha multifida possesses antibacterial and anti-inflammatory and weak

antioxidant activities that could justify its use for the treatment of wounds in the folk

medicine (K. Anani, 2016).

Therefore, the positive results of the effects of betadine helped the researchers to

identify and to answer their SOP. The respondents have already an idea and

knowledge about the usage of betadine tree resin. This will serve as guide to the

researchers in order to answer their questions regarding the effectiveness of betadine

tree resin.

In addition, the researchers believed that with this would lead to positive outcome

from the characteristics and effectiveness. It may help to create a better and more

informative pamphlet that will serve as a guide and information of the respondents

about the betadine tree resin. Having this derived data, the usage of betadine tree

resin would be recommended to other and may encourage them to use this betadine

tree resin as their alternative medicine for wounds. The results will guide the

researchers to identify the relationship between the characteristics and effectiveness

of betadine tree resin.

3. Relationship of characteristics and effectiveness of betadine tree resin.

Table 3. Characteristics and effectiveness of betadine tree resin.

STATEMENT X SD RELATIONSHIP P-VALUE DECISION

CHARACTERISTICS 3.58 0.286 R = 0.326 0.008 Rejected Null
EFFECTIVENESS 3.70 0.439 Hypothesis
Table 3 reveals that P-value for the characteristics of 0.008 (df = 63) is less than

0.05. Since P-value is less than 0.05, the null hypothesis is rejected at α = 0.05 or 5%
 26

level of significance. Hence, it is concluded that there is significant relationship

characteristics and effectiveness of betadine tree resin.

The relationship of the characteristics and effectiveness of the betadine tree resin

affects the people to use it. The characteristics of the betadine describes the effectivity

of resin. The characteristics serves as the bases on using and how effective it is.

4. Informative material about promotion of betadine tree resin.

The researchers agreed to conduct a promotional material to increase

awareness on the medicinal benefits of betadine tree resin. A well-designed, well-

written, and well construct pamphlet was used to educate people. It is a vital piece of

literature about thoughts and information that the people should know about the

betadine tree. The researchers used simple words, colorful, and attached pictures in the

pamphlet. The researchers also considered the fact that not all people in Conde Labac

can read and understand English well.

 27

OUTPUT
 28

The pamphlet consists of six (6) columns. The first column contains the background

about Betadine Tree. The second column indicates the contact details if ever the people

have questions. The third column consist front page of the pamphlet. The fourth column

comprise of the brief information about the betadine tree resin. The fifth column have

the benefits that the people can get. The last column enclosed the 5 methods of using

betadine tree resin.

This pamphlet is all about how people will be aware on the medicinal benefits of the

betadine resin. The pamphlet will serve as the guide to the people on Conde Labac on

how they will improve the usage of betadine resin. The pamphlet will also show the

benefits of preserving the betadine plant.

 29

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The chapter presents the summary, findings, conclusions, and recommendations of

the assessment of betadine tree resin as medication for wounds.

Summary

The study aimed to assess the betadine tree resin as medication for wounds.

Specifically, the study sought answers to the following questions:

5. What are the characteristics of betadine tree resin that made it possible to

treat wounds?

6. What effects are noticed on the wounds after the application of betadine

tree resin?

7. Is there a significant relationship on the characteristics of betadine tree resin

and its noticeable effects on wounds after its application?

8. What informative material can be provided to promote awareness on the

medicinal benefits of betadine tree resin?

The study tested the hypothesis that there is no significant relationship between

the characteristics and effects of betadine tree as medication for wounds. The study

made use of purposive and quasi-experimental design of research. Necessary data

were obtained with the use of self-made survey questionnaire. The data gathered were

tabulated through special techniques including percentage, ranking, weighted mean and

pearson’s r.
 30

Findings

Based on the data collected and interpreted, the following were the findings of the

study:

1. The characteristics of betadine tree resin.

The computed weighted mean and rank of the characteristics of betadine tree

resin as given by the respondents. The respondents moderately noticed with 4.1

weighted mean that the resin of betadine tree is effective in any kind of wound. The

weighted mean of 3.8 shows that respondents moderately noticed that the middle part

of the betadine tree has a better effect and 3.6 weighted mean as yellowish. Also, the

characteristic of 3.1 dries easily attained weighted mean of 3.3 and sticky characteristic

got a weighted mean of 3.1 along with the verbal interpretation neutral. In all, the

respondents answered positively with the total composite mean 3.6 with verbal

interpretation of moderately noticed.

2. The noticeable effects of betadine tree resin.

The respondents answered positively to the effects of betadine resins with the

composite mean of 3.7 and verbally interpreted moderately agree. First in the rank was

that resin can clean the wound with 4 as its weighted mean. The respondents

moderately noticed that the resin can easily stops the bleeding with 3.8 weighted mean.

Also, the resin can fasten the healing of wound and verbally interpreted as moderately

noticed with 3.7 weighted mean. Together with 3.6 weighted mean and verbally

interpreted as moderately noticed that it dries the wound within 3-5 days. The lowest

computed weighted mean of 3.3 was agreed by the respondents that it can controls
 31

antimicrobial. The respondents positively answered with 3.7 composite mean and

verbally interpreted as moderately noticed.

3. Relationship on the characteristics and noticeable effects.

There is a significant relationship on the characteristics and effects of betadine tree’s

resin with the relationship of 0.326.

4. Informative material to promote awareness.

The researchers conduct a well-defined pamphlet to increase awareness about

the medicinal benefits of betadine tree resin. It is a vital piece of literature about

thoughts and information that the people should know about the betadine tree. It also

showed the methods on using betadine tree resin.

Conclusions

Based on the findings, the researchers drawn some conclusions:

1. That the betadine tree resin has noticeable qualities on its color and

appearance;

2. That there are noticeable effects on the wound after applying betadine tree

resin;

3. That the characteristics has relation to the noticeable effect of betadine tree

resin, and;

4. That the pamphlet will serve as informative material to promote the

awareness of the people.

 32

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusion that had been presented earlier, the

researchers recommend the following:

1. Everyone must be properly informed on the ways of using betadine tree resin

as medication for wounds.

2. Everyone should be encouraged to plant betadine tree in their backyard as

this could be used as an immediate means of treating wounds without

entailing any cost.

3. Medical professionals must formulate a product made out of betadine tree

resin.

4. Future researchers must conduct further studies different medical capacities

of betadine tree.
 33

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