Assignment Content

1. Question 1

What happens to enable you to see something?

1.

Light bouncing off the object strikes your eyes.

2.

You send rays from your eyes to the object.

3.

You send out rays from your eyes AND light strikes your eyes.

4.

Nothing passes in either direction between your eyes and the object.

2. Question 2

Why do so few statements apply to the behavior of all people, all the time?

1.

Human behavior does not follow principles of cause and effect.

2.

So far, psychologists have not conducted much scientific research.

3.

Behavior varies depending on a huge variety of influences.

4.

None of the research on animals applies in any way to people.

3. Question 3
 Someone interested in the nature–nurture issue would probably explore how behavioral development
depends on which factors?

1.

Heredity and environment

2.

Mind and brain

3.

Thoughts and ideas

4.

Diet and exercise

4. Question 4

Many military psychologists resemble industrial/organizational psychologists in what way?

1.

They help identify people suitable for certain jobs.

2.

They testify in court about who is mentally competent.

3.

They do research to help improve equipment so that people can use it easily.

4.

They mediate between management and the labor unions.

5. Question 5

What does a biopsychologist emphasize in explaining behavior?

 1.

Rewards and punishments

2.

 Unconscious thought processes

3.

 Childhood experiences

4.

The nervous system

6. Question 6

Social psychologists concentrate mainly on which of these topics?

1.

 What is the best way to organize companies or industries

2.

How learning and memory develop over age

3.

How people influence one another

4.

How evolution shaped human behavior

7. Question 7

Wilhelm Wundt is famous for what contribution to the history of psychology?

1.
  He established the world’s first psychology laboratory.

2.

He established the first mental health clinic in the United States.

3.

He wrote the first English-language textbook of psychology.

4.

 He translated the works of Sigmund Freud into English.

8. Question 8

In the early days of psychology, how did functionalists differ from structuralists?

1.

Functionalists used laboratory research. Structuralists observed behavior in nature.

2.

Functionalists studied behaviors. Structuralists analyzed the contents of the mind.

3.

Functionalists measured brain activity. Structuralists measured attitudes.

4.

Functionalists studied normal people. Structuralists studied those with mental illness.

9. Question 9

Behaviorists avoid research on thought and knowledge. Why?

1.

They believe that unconscious thought is more important than conscious thought.

2.
 They believe we already understand thought and knowledge well enough.

3.

They believe questions about unobservable processes are unanswerable.

4.

They believe that all psychological research should rely on brain measurements.

10. Question 10

What was the focus of psychotherapy as practiced by Sigmund Freud?

1.

He encouraged his patients to solve their own problems.

2.

He developed standardized tests to quantify certain aspects of personality.

3.

He tried to relate current behavior to abnormalities in brain functioning.

4.

He tried to trace current behavior to early childhood experiences.

11. Question 11

What is one way in which psychological research differs from chemistry and other sciences?

1.

Unlike psychologists, chemists use the experimental method.

2.

Unlike psychologists, chemists analyze their results with statistics.

3.
 Psychological research faces more serious ethical restraints.

4.

Psychological experimentation dates back to the time of the ancient Greeks.

12. Question 12

According to the principle of parsimony, what kind of theory should we prefer?

1.

The theory for which we cannot even imagine any contradictory evidence

2.

The theory that was proposed first

3.

The theory that is most popular with the general public

4.

The theory that makes fewer and simpler assumptions

13. Question 13

What is one of the main objections raised against ESP?

1.

 Not enough anecdotes have been reported.

2.

The experiments claiming to support ESP have independent variables.

3.

The results claiming to support ESP are not replicable.

4.
 The theory behind ESP is falsifiable.

14. Question 14

Which of the following is an operational definition of “religiousness”?

1.

A belief in a supreme being

2.

The opposite of atheism

3.

The frequency of attending worship services

4.

A deep sense of oneness with the universe

15. Question 15

Which of the following would be most likely to rely on naturalistic observations?

1.

A comparison of how two drugs affect animal learning

2.

 A study of how much people can improve memory by practice

3.

A study of when and where people laugh the most

4.

A study comparing psychotherapy to antidepressant medications

16. Question 16
 When do researchers most often use the case history method of research?

1.

When they study the behavior of someone with a rare condition

2.

When they need to study the effects of two variables at the same time

3.

 When they compare the frequencies of certain behaviors in different cultures

4.

 When they study people who are unable or unwilling to give informed consent

17. Question 17

Someone finds that the number of hours a student spends studying correlates negatively with a
student’s skill at video games. Which of the following can we conclude?

1.

 Students who are good at video games tend not to study as much as others.

2.

Most students spend more time studying than playing video games.

3.

Most students spend more time playing video games than studying.

4.

As a semester progresses, students spend more time studying and less on video games.

18. Question 18

A store plays background music on some days, randomly chosen, and none on other days. It compares
sales on the two kinds of days. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
 1.

The workers in the store

2.

The volume of sales

3.

The presence or absence of music

4.

The variations in weather

19. Question 19

A company pays one group of workers weekly and another group, randomly chosen, once a month. It
compares the workers’ effectiveness. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

1.

The frequency of pay

2.

The difficulty of the job

3.

Daily variations in the weather

4.

The workers’ job effectiveness

20. Question 20

To determine the effect of distraction, an experimenter tests the memory of people who try to read a
chapter while listening to loud music. What will the control group do?
 1.

Read the chapter without the music, and then answer the questions.

2.

 Decide whether or not to listen to the music while reading the chapter.

3.

Read the chapter while listening to the music, but then leave without answering
questions.

4.

 Help the experimenter design the next experiment.

21. Question 21

In contrast to other body cells, what is distinctive about neurons?

1.

The neurons of men look very different from those of women.

2.

Neurons vary substantially in their shape.

3.

Neurons vary substantially in their temperature.

4.

Neurons vary substantially in their number of chromosomes.

22. Question 22

What is an “action potential” in the nervous system?

1.
  A message that travels along an axon

2.

A chemical that passes across a synapse

3.

A group of muscles that receive input from a neuron

4.

A central brain area that coordinates other areas

23. Question 23

What is a synapse?

1.

 A junction where one neuron communicates with another

2.

 The point along an axon where the action potential begins

3.

A device for measuring brain activity

4.

An immoral apse

24. Question 24

 Neurotransmitters are released from which part of a neuron?

1.

Cell body

2.
 Terminal bouton

3.

Mitochondria

4.

Myelin

25. Question 25

The sympathetic nervous system does which of the following?

1.

It promotes digestion and other vegetative activities.

2.

It readies the body for vigorous emergency activity.

3.

It interprets other people’s gestures and facial expressions.

4.

It controls the muscles of the arms and legs.

26. Question 26

Which of these is the best way to ask about the roles of heredity and environment?

1.

Which is more important in general, heredity or environment?

2.

Which is more important for one behavior, heredity or environment?

3.
 Do differences in one behavior depend more on differences in heredity or environment?

4.

Which behaviors depend on heredity and which ones depend on environment?

27. Question 27

People develop phenylketonuria only if they have two genes for this condition. Therefore we say the
gene is which of the following?

1.

Recessive

2.

Dominant

3.

 Sex-limited

4.

Sex-linked

28. Question 28

If every child lived in an equally good environment, what would happen to the heritability of
behavior?

1.

Heritability would decrease.

2.

Heritability would increase.

3.

Heritability would remain the same.

 4.

We cannot predict how heritability might change.

29. Question 29

Researchers interested in human heritability get most of their evidence from what?

1.

Twins and adopted children

2.

Adopted children and differences among cultures

3.

Differences among cultures and differences among generations

4.

Differences among generations and twins

30. Question 30

What is the “multiplier effect” in genetics?

1.

Genes that increase brain size also increase intellectual ability.

2.

 Heritability estimates tend to increase from one generation to the next.

3.

Hereditary differences produce twice as much effect as environmental differences.

4.
 Genes produce small differences and the environment increases them.

31. Question 31

What happens to enable you to see something?

1.

Light bouncing off the object strikes your eyes.

2.

You send rays from your eyes to the object.

3.

You send out rays from your eyes AND light strikes your eyes.

4.

Nothing passes in either direction between your eyes and the object.

32. Question 32

Why do older people have difficulty focusing on nearby objects?

1.

The lens is more rigid.

2.

The pupil is slower to dilate or constrict.

3.

The action potentials from the retina have lower amplitude.

4.

The fovea increases in diameter.

33. Question 33
  How does the trichromatic theory (Young-Helmholtz theory) explain color vision?

1.

The brain compares responses in one retinal area to responses in another.

2.

The brain responds to the ratio of firing among three types of cones.

3.

The brain has a red-versus-green system and a yellow-versus-blue system.

4.

 The brain compares the amplitude of an action potential to its velocity.

34. Question 34

Which of the following does the retinex theory explain?

1.

Certain people can perceive finer distinctions of color than other people can.

2.

Changing the surrounding color changes the apparent color of an object.

3.

After staring at a red object for a minute and then looking away, we see green.

4.

We often remember colors as being brighter than they actually were.

35. Question 35

Which of the following contains the hair receptors responsible for hearing?

1.
 Otolith organ

2.

Temporal cortex

3.

Cochlea

4.

Fovea

36. Question 36

 How do we localize the source of a sound?

1.

We attend to the point of greatest response on the basilar membrane.

2.

We attend to fluctuations in the sound over time.

3.

We compare the responses of the left and right ears.

4.

We attend to the timbre of the sound.

37. Question 37

 Astronauts experiencing weightlessness in space suffer major impairments of which sensation?

1.

Kinesthetic sensation

2.
 Vestibular sensation

3.

Synesthesia

4.

Vomeronasal sensation

38. Question 38

 According to gate theory, distraction relieves pain by doing what?

1.

It blocks the release of endorphins in the brain.

2.

It inhibits transmission of messages in the spinal cord.

3.

 It prevents the person from scratching the damaged area.

4.

It hyperpolarizes pain receptors on the skin.

39. Question 39

Why do some people have stronger taste experiences than others do?

1.

They have more taste buds.

2.

 Each taste bud has more axons connecting it to the brain.

3.
 The brain area devoted to taste is located closer to the center of the brain.

4.

They simply have more experience with tastes.

40. Question 40

What is the slogan of Gestalt psychology?

1.

The hole is different from the sum of its parts.

2.

The whole is different from some of its parts.

3.

The hole is different from some of its parts.

4.

The whole is different from the sum of its parts.

41. Question 41

Bakit hindi ka crush ng crush mo?

1.

Hindi kami talo.

2.

Bet nya tropa ko.

3.

Iba ang qualities ng ideal person nya.

4.