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Practical Research 2
Quarter 1 - Module 1
The Nature of Quantitative Research

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Practical Research 2 – Grade 12
Quarter 1 - Module 1 : The Nature of Quantitative Research

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Socrates M. Cereno

Editor : Excelsa F. Buan , HT3

Reviewer: Darcy Guy Y. Mañebo, EPS

Illustrator: Socrates M. Cereno

Layout Artist: Socrates M. Cereno

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Practical Research 2 - Grade 12
Quarter 1 – Module 1
The Nature of Quantitative Research

I. Introduction Source:https://images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=Awr9FqrNIA1f60UAga
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As a natural day-to-day activity of gathering information, research is widely recognized

as an important tool for solving man’s various problems and in making life more colourful
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and convenient. One form of research which is more disciplined in its methodology and more
scientific in its procedure is known as quantitative research. This form of research is an
objective, systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena which highlights
numerical analysis of data and its relationship with events.

II. Objectives
At the end of the lesson you are expected to:
• Describe the characteristics, strengths, weaknesses and different kinds of
quantitative research (CS_RS12-Ia-c-1)
• Illustrate the importance of quantitative research across fields (CS_RS12-Ia-c-2)
• Design a research used in daily life (CS_RS12-Id-e-1)

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III. Vocabulary List

• Bias - the action of supporting or opposing a particular person or thing in an unfair

way, because of allowing personal opinions to influence your judgment:
• Complementary - serves to fill out or to complete.
• Complexity - the state of having many parts and being difficult to understand or find
an answer
• Consolidate - to bring together separate parts into a single or unified whole.
• Correlational - presenting observations about the characteristics of someone or
something :
• Dataset - a collection of separate sets of information that is treated as a single unit
by a computer

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• Descriptive - presenting observations about the characteristics of someone or
something.
• Empirical - provable or verifiable by experience or experiment.
• Experimental - something that is new or uses new ideas or methods relating to
tests, especially scientific ones:
• Hypothesis - a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited
evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
• Insight - a clear, deep, and sometimes sudden understanding of a complicated
problem,
• In-depth – done carefully and in great detail, covering many or all important points of
a subject.
• Intuition - the ability to understand something immediately, without the need for
conscious reasoning.
• Methodology - a set of systems, methods, procedures or rules that is used to
conduct a structured research process.
• Phenomena - facts, occurrences, or circumstances which are observable or can be
observed.
• Precautionary - intended to prevent something unpleasant or dangerous from
happening:
• Preconceived - formed before having the evidence for its truth or usefulness:
• Quantitative Research - a systematic investigation of phenomena by gathering
quantifiable data and performing statistical, mathematical, or computational
techniques.
• Quasi - having some resemblance usually by possession of certain attributes.
• Random Sampling - a part of the sampling technique in which each sample has an
equal probability of being chosen.
• Replicate - To reproduce or make an exact copy or similar copies.
• Research - the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in
order to establish facts and reach new conclusions:
• Researcher’s Bias - the tendency to see what is expected to see, or what is wanted
to see, with prior knowledge and subjective feelings about the group being studied.
• Sample Size - a part of the population chosen for a survey or experiment.
• Spurious Conclusions - are results which are not true and are not based from the
claimed or proper source.
• Superficial - not complete and involving only the most obvious things.
• Variable – refers to something that may or does vary or change.

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 IV. Pre-Test

Directions: In each item, choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper which will serve as your answer sheet. Be sure not to
write anything on this learning module.

1. The following are characteristics of quantitative research EXCEPT __________

(A) Larger sample size
(B) Data rare in the form of letters
(C) Objective
(D) Replicated or repeated

2. Research is __________
(A) Searching again and again
(B) Finding solution to any problem
(C) Working in a scientific way to search for truth of any problem
(D) None of the above

3. Which of the following is NOT the strength of quantitative research? ______

(A) Personal bias can be avoided
(B) Allows for a broader study Source:https://images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=Awr9Hr7OIQ1f.h8A0ic
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(C) Results are limited
(D) Allows for greater objectivity and accuracy of results

4. A form of research which is a systematic investigation of observable phenomena. _____

(A) Quantitative Research (C) Qualitative Research
(B) Case Study (D) Action Research

5. A common test in research demands much priority on __________

(A) Reliability (C) Objectivity
(B) Useability (D) All of the above

V. Learning Activities

V.1 Characteristics of Quantitative Research

Quantitative research is the systematic empirical investigation of observable

phenomena using statistical, mathematical or computational techniques. It deals with
numbers, logic, and an objective stance. The objective of quantitative research is to develop
and employ mathematical models, theories and/or hypotheses pertaining to phenomena.
The goal in conducting quantitative research study is to determine the dependent or
outcome variable within a population.

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 Quantitative research has the following main characteristics:

❖ Objective
The research aims for objectivity and is separated from the data. Quantitative
research seeks accurate measurement and analysis of target concepts. Prior to
proposing a conclusion or solution to a problem, data are gathered beforehand. It is
not based on mere guesses and intuitions.

❖ Structured Research instruments.

Researcher uses tools, such as questionnaires or computer software, to
collect numerical data. The overarching aim of a quantitative research study is to
classify features, count them, and construct statistical models in an attempt to explain
what is observed.

❖ Larger Sample Sizes

The results are based on larger sample sizes that are representative of the
population in order to come up with a more reliable data analysis. A large sample
size is required, depending on how the characteristics and the variations of the
population. To avoid the researcher’s bias in interpreting the results, Random
Sampling is recommended in determining the sample size.

❖ Replicated or Repeated
Given its high reliability, quantitative research study can usually be replicated
or repeated to confirm or to verify the correctness of the results in a different or
another setting. In this manner, the validity of the findings is being strengthened in
order to eliminate the possibility of spurious conclusions.
❖ Clearly Defined Research Questions
Prior to the gathering of data, all aspects of the study are carefully designed
by the researcher. In quantitative research, the researchers know in advance what
they are looking for. Questionnaires are well defined for which objective answers are
sought.

❖ Numerical Data
Data are in the form of numbers and statistics, often organized and presented
using tables, charts, graphs, figures, or other non-textual forms that consolidate large
numbers of data to show trends, relationships, or differences among variables.

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 ❖ Future Outcomes
Research paper can be used to generalize concepts more widely, predict
future results, or investigate causal relationships. Future scenarios of the study
maybe formulated by using complex mathematical calculations and with the aid of
computers, thus, predicting future outcomes.

V.2 Strengths and Weaknesses of Quantitative Research

STRENGTHS

➢ Allows for a broader study, involving a greater number of subjects,

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and enhancing the generalization of the results;
➢ Allows for greater objectivity and accuracy of results. Generally,
quantitative methods are designed to provide summaries of data
that support generalization about the phenomenon under study. In
order to accomplish this, quantitative research usually involves few
variables and many cases, and employs prescribed procedures to
ensure validity and reliability;
➢ Applying well -established standards which means that the
research can be replicated, and then analyzed and compared with
similar studies;
➢ You can summarize vast sources of information and can make
some comparisons across categories and over time; and
➢ Personal bias can be avoided by keeping a 'distance' from
participating subjects and using accepted computational
techniques.

WEAKNESSES

➢ Quantitative data is more efficient and able to test hypotheses,

but may miss contextual detail;
➢ Uses a static and rigid approach and so employs an inflexible
process of discovery;
➢ The development of standard questions by researchers can lead
to "structural bias" and false representation, where the data
actually reflects the view of the researcher instead of the
participating subject;
➢ Results provide less detail on behavior, attitudes, and motivation;

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 ➢ Researcher may collect a much narrower and sometimes
superficial dataset;
➢ Results are limited as they provide numerical descriptions rather
than detailed narrative and generally provide less elaborate
accounts of human perception;
➢ The research is often carried out in an unnatural, artificial
environment so that a level of control can be applied to the
exercise. This level of control might not normally be in place in the
real world thus yielding "laboratory results" as opposed to "real
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match to the preconceived hypothesis.

V.3 Kinds of Quantitative Research

There are four (4) main kinds of quantitative designs –

descriptive, correlational, quasi-experimental, and experimental.
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1. Descriptive Research is a study designed to depict the participants in an accurate

way. More simply, descriptive research is all about describing people who take part in
the study.
There are three ways a researcher can go about doing a descriptive research
project, and they are:
o Observational - defined as a method of viewing and recording the
participants
o Case Study - defined as an in-depth study of an individual or group of
individuals
o Survey - defined as a brief interview or discussion with an individual about a
specific topic

Examples of Descriptive Research

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❖ Comparing Students’ Performance BHNlYwNzZWFyY2gEc2xrA2J1dHRvbg--

An academic institution may wish to compare the performance of its junior

high school students in English language and Mathematics. This may be used to

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 classify students based on 2 major groups, with one group going ahead to study
while courses, while the other study courses in the Arts & Humanities field. Students
who are more proficient in mathematics will be encouraged to go into STEM and vice
versa. Institutions may also use this data to identify student's weak points and work
on ways to assist them.

❖ Scientific Classification

During major scientific classification of plants, animals, and periodic table

elements, the characteristics and components of each subject are evaluated and
used to determine how they are classified. For example, living things may be
classified into kingdom Plantae or kingdom animal is depending on their nature.
Further classification may group animals into mammals, pieces, vertebrae,
invertebrae, etc. All these classifications are made as a result of descriptive research
which describes what they are.

❖ Human Behavior

When studying human behaviour based on a factor or event, the researcher

observes the characteristics, behaviour, and reaction, then use if to conclude. A
company willing to sell to its target market needs to first study the behaviour of the
market. This may be done by observing how its target reacts to a competitor's product,
then use it to determine their behaviour.

2. Correlational Research is a quantitative method of research in which you have 2 or

more quantitative variables from the same group of subjects, and you are trying to
determine if there is a relationship (or co variation) between the 2 variables (a
similarity between them, not a difference between their means). Theoretically, any 2
quantitative variables can be correlated (for example, midterm scores & number of
body piercings) as long as you have scores on these variables from the same
participants; however, it is probably a waste of time to collect & analyze data when
there is little reason to think these two variables would be related to each other.

Examples of Correlational Research

Activity: (From the given examples, write details that will show the relationships of the given
information. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper which will serve as your
answer sheet. Be sure not to write anything on this learning module.)

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 ❖ Example 1.
To find out if there is a relationship between vegetarianism and income, you
send out a questionnaire about diet to a sample of people from different income
brackets. You statistically analyze the responses to determine whether vegetarians
generally have higher incomes.

❖ Example 2.
To find out if there is a correlation between gender and class participation,
you observe college seminars, note the frequency and duration of students’
contributions, and categorize them based on gender. You statistically analyze the
data to determine whether men are more likely to speak up in class than women.

3. Quasi-experimental Research involves selecting groups, upon which a variable is

tested, without any random pre-selection processes. For example, to perform an
educational experiment, a class might be arbitrarily divided by alphabetical selection
or by seating arrangement. The division is often convenient and, especially in an
educational situation, causes as little disruption as possible. After this selection, the
experiment proceeds in a very similar way to any other experiment, with a variable
being compared between different groups, or over a period of time.

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Examples of Quasi-Experimental Research

Activity: (From the given examples, write details to formulate a topic on quasi-experimental
research based from the given information. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper
which will serve as your answer sheet. Be sure not to write anything on this learning
module.)

❖ Example 1:
Imagine that two professors decide to test the effect of giving daily quizzes on
student performance in a statistics course. They decide that Professor A will give
quizzes but Professor B will not. They will then compare the performance of students

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 in their two sections on a common final exam. List five other variables that might
differ between the two sections that could affect the results.

❖ Example 2:
Imagine that a group of obese children is recruited for a study in which their
weight is measured, then they participate for 3 months in a program that encourages
them to be more active, and finally their weight is measured again. Explain how each
of the following might affect the results:
▪ regression to the mean
▪ spontaneous remission
▪ history
▪ maturation

4, Experimental Research is commonly used in sciences such as sociology and

psychology, physics, chemistry, biology and medicine etc. It is a collection of research
designs which use manipulation and controlled testing to understand causal processes.
Generally, one or more variables are manipulated to determine their effect on a
dependent variable. The experimental method is a systematic and scientific approach to
research in which the researcher manipulates one or more variables, and controls and
measures any change in other variables. The word experimental research has a range of
definitions. In the strict sense, experimental research is what we call a true experiment.
This is an experiment where the researcher manipulates one variable, and
control/randomizes the rest of the variables

Examples of Experimental Research

Activity: (From the given examples, formulate an experimental research topic based from
the given information. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper which will serve as
your answer sheet. Be sure not to write anything on this learning module.)

❖ Example 1 - Administering Exams After The End of Semester

During the semester, students in a class are lectured on particular courses and
an exam is administered at the end of the semester. In this case, the students are the
subjects or dependent variables while the lectures are the independent variables
treated on the subjects. Only one group of carefully selected subjects are considered
in this research, making it a pre-experimental research design example. We will also

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 notice that tests are only carried out at the end of the semester, and not at the
beginning.

❖ Example 2 - Employee Skill Evaluation

Before employing a job seeker, organizations conduct tests that are used to
screen out less qualified candidates from the pool of qualified applicants. This way,
organizations can determine an employee's skill set at the point of employment. In
the course of employment, organizations also carry out employee training to improve
employee productivity and generally grow the organization. Further evaluation is
carried out at the end of each training to test the impact of the training on employee
skills, and test for improvement. Here, the subject is the employee, while the
treatment is the training conducted. This is a pretest - posttest control group
experimental research example.

V.2 Importance of Quantitative Research Across Fields

Quantitative research is generally used in fields like political science, gender

studies, community health, marketing, sociology, economics, psychology, demography,
and education. It’s objective is to employ mathematical theories in relation to
phenomena. The process offers a connection between mathematical expression and
empirical observation. Research plays a very important role in day-to-day life.
Quantitative research is a method to measure variables, analyze them and report
relationships amongst the studied variables through a numerical system. Its objective is
to understand, analyze, describe and make future predictions of a specific study because
after understanding the numbers, it becomes easier for people to make suitable
changes. It deals in objective, logic, and numbers and puts its focus on convergent
reasoning and detailed and unchanging data. Research is to see what everybody else
has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought. The life people enjoy now or the
things that are done in minutes which earlier looked impossible are all because of
research. Research is the best and reliable way to understand and act on the
complexities of various issues that you as humans are facing. It leads in an expansion of
knowledge and discoveries to improve the individual’s quality of life. Research is not
limited to any one sector but has been done for almost every sector. Some of them are
technology, healthcare, defense, precautionary steps against natural calamities and
many more. In academic institutions, research can be a useful learning process,
challenging students and teachers to work together and grow intellectually while

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conducting their study. Aside from the numerous benefits that research brings to the
academic settings, its benefits can also be seen and felt in the different fields.

❖ In the area of Accounting, Business, and Management (ABM), researchers can help
in designing new products and services, figuring out what is needed, and ensuring
that the development of a product is highly targeted towards demand. Businessmen
can also utilize research results to guarantee sufficient distribution of their products
and decide where they need to increase their product distribution. The primary
function of research in ABM is to deliver quality goods and services, to establish the
enterprise in the most feasible location, to analyse what the competitors are doing, to
correctly determine its customers and their preferences, and to find ways on how to
continuously satisfy the growing and varied needs of the clients.

❖ In the discipline of Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS), research aims to

provide solutions to the social problems directly felt by people. Researchers in the
field deal more on societal behaviors and social issues such as stress, teenage
pregnancy, workers’ ethics ,organizational commitment, leadership style, child labor,
human trafficking, to drug addiction and other forms of criminality. Social Science
researches lead to the understanding of social interactions that may lead to the
formulation of new theories and practices that contribute to societal welfare and
development.
❖ In the field of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), medical
practitioners, for instance, conduct researches to obtain significant information about
disease trends and risk factors, patterns of care and health care cost and use, and
results of various heath interventions. Researchers help in determining the
effectiveness and even the side effects of drugs and therapies in different population
and varieties. It is also necessary in evaluating experiences. In clinical practices, in
order to develop mechanisms for best practices and to ensure high quality patient
care. Researchers in this field ultimately aim for man’s longevity. As for the
engineers, architects and other builders, research helps in providing designs which
are creatively beautiful and at the same time give more convenience and efficiency
as they utilize modern technology to adapt to the ever changing society. New
materials and procedures may be developed so as to further strengthen the structural
materials that can withstand various calamities and disasters.

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 VI. Practice Tasks
Practice Task 1

Direction: As a researcher, your mood is also important while you are writing your
output. Set your mood first before you move on to the next task. Complete the table

below by identifying the strengths and weaknesses of quantitative research. Draw

for STRENGTHS and for WEAKNESSES.

Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper which will serve as your answer
sheet. Be sure not to write anything on this learning module.

STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES

1.Applying well-established standards which means that the research can be

replicated and then analyzed and compared with similar studies.
2.The research is often carried out in an unnatural, artificial environment so
that a level of control can be applied to the exercise.
3.The development of standard questions by researchers can lead to
"structural bias" and false representation.
4.You can summarize vast sources of information and can make some
comparisons across categories and over time.
5.Allows for a broader study, involving a greater number of subjects, and
enhancing the generalization of the results
6.Results are limited as they provide numerical descriptions rather than
detailed narrative and generally provide less elaborate accounts of human
perception.
7.Uses a static and rigid approach and so employs an inflexible process of
discovery,

8.Personal bias can be avoided by keeping a 'distance' from participating

subjects and using accepted computational techniques.
9.Researcher may collect a much narrower and sometimes superficial
dataset
10.Allows for greater objectivity and accuracy of results.

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 Practice Task 2

Direction: Put a if the indicator describes the characteristics of a

Quantitative Research or if doesn’t. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper which will serve as your answer sheet. Be sure not to write anything on this
learning module.
Indicators or
1. Data is in the form of words, pictures or objects.

2. The data is usually gathered using structured research instruments.

3. It is not based upon numerical measurements and does not use

numbers and statistical methods as key research indicators and tools.

4. It tends to be associated with small-scale studies and a holistic

perspective.

5. The research study can usually be replicated or repeated, given its

high reliability.

6. Data are in the form of numbers and statistics, often arranged in

tables, charts, figures, or other non-textual forms.

7. Emphasis is on discovery rather than proof.

8. The results are based on larger sample sizes that are representative
of the population.

9. It tends to be associated with emergent research design, using a

wide range of approaches

10. Researcher has a clearly defined research question to which

objective answers are sought.

Practice Task 3 Direction: Write your answers on a separate

sheet of paper which will serve as your answer sheet. Be sure not to
write anything in this learning module.
Write a 500-word essay in your topic of interest according to your choice of Senior High
School strand. All the details of your write-up must reflect the topic of interest and relevant to
the senior high school strand which you belong Your essay must be reflective on the
following questions:
➢ Why did you choose your topic of interest?
➢ What did you find most interesting about the topic?
➢ How do you explain the relevance of your chosen topic to
which the Senior High school strand that you belong?

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 VII. Post-Test
Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer on the space before the number. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper which will serve as your answer sheet. Be
sure not to write anything on this learning module.

_____ 1. Which of the following BEST defines quantitative research?

A. An activity of producing or proving theorem
B. An exploration associated with libraries, books, and journals
C. A systematic process for obtaining numerical data and its
relationship with events
D. An activity concerned with finding new truths in education.

For items 2-5, refer to the following characteristics of research for your
answers A. Large Sample Sizes
B. Replication
C. Numerical Data Source:https://images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/s
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_____ 2. Data are in the form of statistics.
_____ 3. It is needed to arrive at a more reliable data analysis.
_____ 4. It is not based on guess work.
_____ 5. It is done to check the correctness and verify the findings of the study
For items 6-9, refer to the following kinds of quantitative research for your answers
A. Descriptive Research
B. Correlational Research
C. Experimental Research
D. Quasi-Experimental Research
_____ 6. It is a quantitative method of research in which you have 2 or more quantitative
variables from the same group of subjects.
_____ 7. It involves selecting groups, upon which a variable is tested, without any random
pre-selection processes.
_____ 8. It is a study designed to depict the participants in an accurate way.
_____ 9. It is a collection of research designs which use manipulation and controlled testing
to understand causal processes.
_____10. It is an in-depth study of an individual or group of individuals.
A. Observational B. Survey C. Case Study D. Interview

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 VIII. Assignment/Additional Activities
As a Senior High School student, writing an academic paper
without sufficient background knowledge on the topic touched
upon by your essay, dealing with a particular task may turn into a
serious problem. However, learning the right approach as to how Source:https://images.search.yahoo.co
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writing conventions. In order to achieve this goal, you have to complete your task as a
researcher by writing a comprehensive learning about the given topics: The following
questions may serve as your guide in the organization of the contents of your writing output.

1. Do you agree or disagree that research is essential in your day-to-day activities as a

student? State your reasons for your stand.
2. What is the impact of research to you as an individual?
3. Why does a student-researcher need to set an objective prior to the conduct of
research?
4. Is it important to use structural research instrument? Why? Give at least two research
instruments and briefly describe each.
5. Which kind of research design is appropriate to use in your field of specialization?

1. Importance of Research to you as a student

(Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper which will serve as your
answer sheet. Be sure not to write anything on this learning module.)
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_________________________________________________________________________
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2. Importance of Research in other different fields

(Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper which will serve as your answer
sheet. Be sure not to write anything on this learning module.)
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 WRITING TASK SCORING RUBRICS

CRITERIA EXCELLENT SATISFACTORY AVERAGE POOR

(9-10) (7-8) (5-6) (1-4)
The paper The paper The paper The paper does
demonstrates demonstrates demonstrates not
INTEGRATION that the author that the author, that the author, demonstrate
OF fully for the most part, to a certain that the author
KNOWLEDGE understands understands and extent, has fully
and has applied has applied understands understood and
concepts concepts learned and has applied applied
learned in in Practical concepts concepts
Practical Research 2 learned in learned in
Research 2 subject.. Practical Practical
subject. Research 2 Research 2
subject. subject.
The topic is The topic is The topic is too The topic is not
focused focused but lacks broad for the clearly defined.
TOPIC FOCUS narrowly direction; the scope of this
enough for the writer has not assignment.
scope of this established a
assignment position.
In-depth In-depth The writer has The writer
DEPTH OF discussion & discussion & omitted made very few
DISCUSSION elaboration in elaboration in pertinent discussions of
all sections of most sections of content or the sections of
the paper the paper content runs-on the paper.
excessively.
Author's writing Author's writing Author's writing Author’s writing
demonstrates demonstrates an does not does not
an understanding of demonstrate an demonstrate
COHESIVENESS understanding the relationship understanding understanding
of the among material of the any
relationship obtained from all relationship relationships
among material sources. among material
obtained from obtained from
all sources. all sources.
No spelling &/or Minimal spelling Noticeable Unacceptable
MECHANICS grammar &/or grammar spelling & number of
(SPELLING & mistakes. mistakes. grammar spelling and/or
GRAMMAR) mistakes. grammar
mistakes
TOTALS
Adapted from: Whalen, S. (2020) “Rubric from Contemporary Health Issues Research
Paper” http://academics.adelphi.edu/edu/hpe/healthstudies/whalen/HED601_r2.shtml

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 IX. Answer Key

IV. Pre-Test
1. B
2. C
3. C
4. A
5. D
VI. Practice Task 1
6.

1. 7.

2. 8.
3. 9.

4. 10.

5.

Practice Task 2 6.
1. 7.
2. 8.
3. 9.
4. 10.
5.

Practice Task 3
(Answers may vary)
Post-Test
1. C
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. B
6. B
7. D
8. A
9. C
10. C
VII. Assignment/Additional Activities
{Answers may vary}

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 Reference List

Agacite, M.V. (2018). Characteristics, Strengths, Weaknesses, Kinds of Quantitative

Research.Retrieved from
https://www.academia.edu/35969852/Chapter_1_Lesson_1_Characteristics_Strengths_W
eaknesses_Kinds_of_Quantitative_Research Retrieved on June 17, 2020.

Faltado, R. E. & Pogoy, A.M. (2016). Nature and Inquiry of Research. Practical Research 2
(Quantitative Research for SHS). Quezon City, Lorimar Publishing, Inc. ISBN 978-621-
8035-10-2.(1-6).

Laderas, J.M. (2020). A discussion of Practical Research 2 (Definition, Types, Importance

Across Fields, Characteristics, Limitations, Weaknesses, Research Topic, Problem,
Retrieved from https://edoc.pub/practical-research-2-quantitative-research-8-pdf-ree.html.
Retrieved on June 16, 2020.

Prieto, N. G., Naval, V.C. & Carey T. G. (2017). Nature of Inquiry and Research. Practical
Research 2 For Senior High School. Quezon City. Lorimar Publishing, Inc. ISBN 978-521-
8035-17.1. (1-8).

Talbot, D.F. (2015). The importance of qualitative research and the problem of mass data
gathering. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/importance-qualitative-
research-problem-mass-data gathering-talbot Retrieved on June 18, 2020.

Whalen, S. (2020) “Rubric from Contemporary Health Issues Research Paper” Retrieved
from http://academics.adelphi.edu/edu/hpe/healthstudies/whalen/HED601_r2.shtml
Retrieved on June 19,2020.

https://images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=Awr9F68DSw1fq4kAgq42nIlQ;_ylu=X3oD
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