Fibonacci - The unending sequence of
numbers where the first two terms are 1 and
1 each succeeding term is the sum of the two
preceding is covered by
Asymmetrical balance - In composition, it is
established by equalizing the element forces
in spite of their differences
Proximity - In gestalt principle, when
objects that are close to each other are of the
same group is known as
Theory - explaining a phenomenon is a
component of the definition a:
Modulor - method of proportioning based on
height of an English man with his arm raised
Rhythm - A visibly perceived sequence of
architectural elements in a design is
Analogous - The color harmony where
colors are located side by side in color wheel
Biaxial balance - Arranging visually equal
elements in each four quadrants create by a
pair of crossed axes
Proxemics - A relation concept, typically
measured in terms of how far one individual
is from the other
Perceptual - Perceiving architectural through
all 5 senses and not just the visual sense is
which level of architectural orders
Closure - Gestalt principle- complete figure
that are incomplete
Circulation - space is always defined by:
Form - the point of contact between mass
and space
Figure ground - gestalt principle-tendency to
perceive objects or figure, as existing on a
background
primary territory - a person's house is an
example of
Three colors away from the second color
a color complementary to another color is
found in which position of the color wheel
in relation to the second color
modulor - an anthropometric scale of
proportions devised by swiss-born French
architect Le Corbusier. It was developed as a
visual bridge between two incompatible
scales, the imperial system and the metric
system
Divine proportion - the term synonymous to
the golden proportion given during the
renaissance period when they discovered
that the body and nature follows the same
principle
Common Spaces - which of the ff. is not a
characteristic of territoriality
radial balance - when elements of a
composition grow from a central line or are
aligned around a central point
balance - is the arrangement of elements so
that no part of a work overpowers the other,
or seems heavier than any other part
metaphors - a design concept which uses
symbols and meanings is which type of
thematic or symbolic concept
anthropometrics - study of proportioning
systems based on the dimensions and
proportions of the human body
conceptual theory - PD1096 is an example
of
primary and secondary colors - tertiary
colors result from a mix of which types of
colors
anonymity - designing a religious retreat
house would normally require which type of
privacy
perception - a process by which the brain
takes all the sensation of the people
experience at any given moment and allows
them to be interpreted in some meaningful
fashion.
Scale - dimensional relationships of the
elements of an architectural design to a
standard is a definition of
Balance - an axis that creates symmetry
found in which design principle
Hierarchy - the horizontal SM megamall
building seen against the high-rise structure
of the ortigas center is an example of:
Feminine - the central atrium of the trinoma
shopping mall may be perceived as which
type of architecture
provides visual equilibrium to composition
of elements - principle of unity
school canteen - which of the following is
not a behavior setting
accent to grouping of elements - dominance
overhead plane - the branches and leaves of
the trees are some examples of what planar
elements
asymmetrical balance - guggenheim
museum bilbao, falling water, sydney opera
house are examples that describe
to simulate gastronomic sensation -
competitive fast food chains deliberately
choose color red, yellow, orange in their
color scheme
provides opposition to the composition of
elements - principle of contrast
organismicist - preferring the greenbelt
shopping mall over the SM megamall
because of the former's park-like setting is
an example of which aesthetic theory
structure as form giver - calatrava's works
are an architectural line may be
wall - an example of architectural line may
be
a residential dining table - which of the ff is
an example of socio-petal space
personal territory - annoyed when a stranger
is standing so close to you is
walls and ceilings should be with lighter
color - in making a small room appear
bigger
townhouses - a linear organization of spaces
in an architectural design may be perceived
in
social acceptance - internet cafes are an
example of the architectural application of
which Maslow's level of needs
3.5 m - what is the distance from a person to
a stranger in planning a public park
curtain wall - which of the ff is not
manifested in Frank Lloyd Wright's Prairie
house
the political ideology of socialism which
private property ownership is banned and
housing storall - the approach of the
architecture GDR was heavily influenced by
De Architectura Libri Decem - the book
written by Vitruvius
the urban transect based on the historic
arrangement of cities, towns, and
countryside. the philosophy of Andres
Duany
Tratto d'architettura (treatise of
Architecture) - book written by Filarete
the location of our residential and work
place have great influence on people - the
30th Mary Axe reflects Norman Foster's
Philosophy
Re de aedificatorial on the art of building -
the book written by Alberti
the curtain walls used as building envelope -
which of the ff is a characteristic of
International style
Sforzinda - the ideal city planned by Filarete
towers with pinnacles - which of the ff is not
a characteristic of Neo-classical style
sustainable architecture - the use of
renewable sources of energy such as solar
panels, renewable materials such as lumber
from commercial farming and the minimal
use of natural material thru reduce, reuse,
recycle
concrete - which of the ff is BETON BRUT
biomimicry - the formulation of design
concept from the inspiration of plants and
animals
futurism - a cult of the machine age and
even a glorification of war and violence
were among the themes of this movement
the character of the building was from the
emotional interpretation of the architect and
materials showed poetic expression - the
expressionism style of structure manifest
open split-level living space and cell-like
bedrooms - which of the ff is not a
characteristic of Villa Savoye of Le
Corbusier
consctivism - architectural style after 1917
russian war where new architecture is a
remedy for russian social discontentment
Calatrava - biotecture is reflected on the
works of
I.M Pei - large abstract forms, sharp
geometric designs, glass clad structure and
traditional combining with modern elements
are design characteristics of
free standing columns - which of the ff is not
a characteristic of Philip Johnson's glass
house
definition of the project - the stage where the
project objectives are studied
integrity of materials - which of the ff is not
a description of Eero Saarinen's building
project objectives - development of design
strategies
integrity of material - describe paul rudolf's
buildings
semi-circular arches - not a characteristic of
art nouveau
idea of unity and harmony in composition -
which of the ff is not a characteristic of
Frank Gehry's building
bubble diagram - graphical diagrams used to
represent spaces with no consideration to
actual areas of the spaces
final design and presentation - the stage
where working drawings, models,
presentation drawings are prepared
use of zebra prints - not a characteristic of
art deco
definition of the project - stage of the design
where the site is studied
orientation - the proper positioning of
structure taking into consideration solar
view, privacy
concept - not a design consideration
technical space analysis - stage in design
process where the kind, quality and quantity
of spaces and their requirements relative to
site are determined
design consideration - the use of information
such as climate, laws and codes, culture and
traditions are examples of
matrix - a technique in analyzing space
adjacency where one space is compared to
all spaces using table
design objective - if sustainable
development is the "central theme" of a
project, which one of the ff stages of the
design process should the development of
the concept be stopped
a maximum of 100% of the light is coming
from the sun during the daytime - from the
abstract program concept "sustainability"
which of the ff statement is a performance
requirement
sketches and doodles of designers or reflect
what is on their minds - which of the ff is
not a description of a concept
none of the above - which of the ff
programmatic concepts does not reflect the
central idea of sustainability
green architecture - what do you think will
be your design philosophy of you believe in
sustainability
personal analogy - the turning torso
calatrava
a design of an office that economical -
brundtland commission of the united nations
on march 20, 1987 states that "sustainable
development is the development that meets
the needs of the present w/o compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs. this is the definition of:
definition of terms - which of the ff is not
classified as a good characteristic of
program concept development
the curtain wall used as building envelope -
which of the ff is a characteristic of
international style
symbolic analogy - the arteries of the blood
of the human body is like the streets of the
city is an example of
Daniel Burnham - "Make no little plans.
They have no magic to stir men's blood and
probably themselves will not be realized.
Make big plans; aim high in hope and work,
remembering that a noble, logical diagram
once recorded will never die, but long after
we are gone will be a living thing, asserting
itself with ever-growing insistency.
Remember that our sons and grandsons are
going to do things that would stagger us. Let
your watchword be order and your beacon
beauty. Think big"
Aesthetic - Branch of philosophy that deals
with the nature of art, beauty, and taste, with
a view to establish the meaning and validity
of critical judgments concerning works of
art.
Beauty - The aggregate of qualities in a
person or thing that gives intense pleasure to
the senses or deep satisfaction to the mind or
spirit whether arising from harmony of form
or color, excellence of craft, truthfulness,
originality, or other, often unspecifiable
property.
Taste - Critical judgment, discernment, or
appreciation of what is fitting, harmonious,
or beautiful prevailing in a culture or
personal to an individual.
Tectonics - The science or art of shaping,
ornamenting, or assembling materials in
construction.
Technology (Applied Science) - The branch
of knowledge that deals with the creation
and use of technical methods and materials
and their interrelation with life, society and
the environment.
Edmund Bacon - "It's in the doing that the
idea comes."
Point - Marks a position in space
Line - Connection of two or more points of
an infinitely longer path (length, direction,
position)
Plane - A series of parallel lines or a
transparent spatial membrane which can be
stretched between two parallel lines (length
and width, shape, surface, orientation,
position).
Volume - Points or vertices where several
planes come together. Has length, width and
depth, it indicates form, shape, surface,
orientation and position in 3D.
Form - Is the primary identifying
characteristic of volume
3 Transformation of Form.
1. Dimensional
2. Subtractive
3. Additive
4 Kinds of Additive Forms.
1. Spatial Tension
2. Edge to Edge Contact
3. Face to Face Contact
4. Interlocking Volumes
Centralized Form - A number of secondary
forms clustered about a dominant central
parent form.
Linear Form - A series of forms arranged
sequentially in a row.
Radial Form - A composition of linear forms
extending outward from a central form in a
radial manner.
Clustered Form - A collection of forms
grouped together by proximity or the sharing
of a common visual trait.
Grid Form - A set of modular forms related
and regulated by a three-dimensional grid.
4 Principles of Organization.
1. Space within a Space
2. Interlocking Spaces
3. Adjacent Spaces
4. Spaces linked by a Common Space
Axis - A line established by two points in
space, about which forms and spaces can be
arranged in a regular or irregular manner.
An axis must be terminated at both its ends 3. Classical Orders
by a significant form or space.
4. Renaissance Theories
Hierarchy - In most, if not all, architectural
5. Modulor
compositions, real differences exist among
their forms and space, reflecting the degree 6. Anthropometry
of importance of these spaces, as well as the
functional, formal, and symbolic roles they Design Stages
play in the organization. 1. Initiation
Datum - Refers to a line, plane or volume to 2. Preparation
which other elements in a composition
relate. 3. Proposal-making

Rhythm - Refers to any movement 4. Evaluation

characterized by a patterned recurrence of 5. Cycles, Feedback, Iteration
elements or motifs at a regular or irregular
intervals. Design Philosophy - A statement of the
beliefs, values or viewpoints from which the
Approach - The distant view. development of the design solutions take off,
Entrance - From outside to Inside. They are often formed out of universally
held principles and thus become bases for
Configuration of the Path - The sequence of socially desirable design objectives.
spaces.
Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe - "Less is
Path-Space Relationship - Edges, nodes, and more."
terminations of the path.
Aldo Leopold - "Ecology is a harmonious
Form of the Circulation Space - Corridors, relation to land is more intricate and of more
halls, galleries, stairways and rooms. consequence to civilization than the
5 Space organizations historians of progress seem to realize.
Civilization is not, as they often assume, the
1. Centralized enslavement of a stable and constant earth. It
is a state of mutual and independent
2. Linear
cooperation between humans, animals,
3. Radial plants and soils, which may be disrupted at
any moment by the failure of any of them.
4. Clustered
Doxiadis - A human settlement is made up
5. Grid
of five ekistic elements, which are
Categories of Proportion interactive and independent with each other.
These are man, nature, shells, networks and
1. Material society.
2. Structural De Stijl - Pursuit of social renewal through
3. Manufactured ideal abstraction; close relationship between
architecture and the fine arts; pristine,
Types of proportion geometric but more decorative than
1. Relative and Absolute Bauhaus.

2. Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic Dutch in origin, its style was one of austere
abstractions, law of equilibrium and clarity
Theories of Proportion of art.
1. Ken
2. Golden Section (0.618)
Ethnocentrism - Habitual disposition to
judge foreign people or groups by the
standards and practices of one's own culture
or ethnic group.
Critical Regionalism - Factoring in cultural
variations and contextual realities.
Eclecticism - Free trade and travel resulted
to the mixed style of architecture.
Art Nouveau - No traces of historical style,
use of glass and metal.
International Style - Transcends culture and
nations.
Robert Venturi- "Less is bore."
Modernism - Open planning and free of
historic detail
Academism - 19th century, also related to
Beaux Arts
Metabolism - 1960's movement in Tokyo
about organic architecture.
Revivalism - Revival of the classical Greek
and Roman
Arts and Crafts Movement - 19th century
conservative detachment from industrial
revolution, proponent of which is William
Morris.
Functionalism - Put emphasis on practical
resolution of a building's needs; free plan, no
dominant facade white walls.
Brutalism - The use of raw concrete
appeared to be unfinished.
Chinoiserie The influence of Chinese style
in Western architecture.
Constructivism - A Russian movement of
geometric shapes and use industrial
materials
Purism - Simplicity, proponent of which is
Le Corbusier
Historicism - Use of past historical styles.
Organic Architecture - Style based on
natural growth from the environment.
Bauhaus Movement - Rational design where
art and technology are united
Corporatism - The business of architecture
focuses on proficiency of the process and
product of architecture.
Deconstructivism - Proponent of which is
Jacques Derrida, breaking the norms of a
box.
Physiological - Maslow's Hierarchy of
Needs: Breathing, food, water, sex, sleep,
homeostasis, excretion
Safety Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:
Security of body, of employment, of
resources, of morality, of the family, of
health, of property.
Love/Belonging Maslow's Hierarchy of
Needs: Friendship, family, sexual intimacy
Esteem Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Self-
esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of
others, respect by others.
Self-actualization Maslow's Hierarchy of
Needs: Morality, creativity, spontaneity,
problem solving, lack of prejudice,
acceptance of facts
Persian
Character: Light and Airy Magnificence
Materials: Stone, Brick, Timber
Structures: Palaces elevated on platforms
Greek Architecture
Character: Simplicity & Harmony
Purity of Line
Perfection of Proportions
Refinement of Details
Materials: Marble
Structures: Temples
Marcus Vitruvius Pollio -
"Firmitas, Utilitas, Venustas"
(Strength, FUnction, Beauty)
Roman Architecture
Character: Vastness and Magnificence
Ostentation and Ornateness
Materials: Concrete
Structures: Temples, Basilicas, Thermae,
Ampitheaters, Utilities
Romanesque Architecture
Character: Sober and Dignified
Materials: Salvaged from Roman Structures,
stone, timber, brick(Germany)
Structures: Churches
Gothic Architecture
Character: Lofty & Aspiring Quality,
Structural Honesty, Economy in Materials
Materials: Stone
Structure: Cathedrals
Renaissance Architecture
Character: Use of classic Roman orders,
Dignity & Formality achieved through
symmetry
Structures: Churches, Palaces
Renaissance Buildings
Tend to have a square, symmetrical
appearance with central columns and
windows, arches supported by piers or
columns, decorated flat ceilings and domes.
Leon Battista Alberti
Developed a clever system of classical
pilasters and architraves which could be
superimposed on any earlier smooth surface
called, "ornamentum"
Andrea Palladio
Father of modern picture books of
architecture.
Contained little theory, but could be copied
by less literate architects.
Philibert de l'orme
-contested Roman architecture as the ideal
-rejected the doctrine of absolute beauty of
measures
-pointed out differences in proportions of the
Pantheon
-"perceptive psychology": the actual form
did not alone determine its beauty; the final
impression was only created when
somebody was looking into the column
Baroque Architecture
A European style of architecture of the 17th
and 18th centuries.
It was based upon the transformation of
classical forms with an inventive use of
space and decoration.
Characterized by ornate detail, exuberant
curvaceous decoration and grand sweeping
gestures with spatially complex
compositions
Rococo Style
Not a style in its own right, but is the last
phase of the Baroque. Prominent in early
18th century France, Rococo developed
from Baroque as a reaction to the heavy,
opulent aesthetic, and instead was more
light, playful and graceful. Placed emphasis
upon asymmetry, curves and natural forms
(such as tree branches, clouds, flowers or
seashells), and detailing was frequently
highlighted in gold
Anthropocentrism - The human being is the
most important entity in the universe. The
world is perceived according to the values
and experiences of the human being.
Anthropomorphism - Human qualities are
associated with non-human entities/events
such as form, values, and emotions.
Anthropometrics - Study of measurements
of the human body
Ergonomics - An applied science concerned
with the characteristics of people that need
to be considered in the design of devices and
systems in order that people and things will
interact effectively and safely.
Personalization and Personalized Space -
Manifestation of desire for control and an
expression of aesthetic taste as well as an
effort to make environment fit activity
better.
Staking claim to places.
Territory - A delimited space that a person
or a group of persons uses and defends as an
exclusive preserve.
Privacy - The ability of individuals or group
of individuals to control their visual,
auditory, and olfactory interactions with
others. The ability to control interactions to
have options and to achieve the desired level
of interaction.

Solitude - The state of being free from

Atomists - Man is part of the universe. The
observation by others
elements making up man are the same
elements making up the whole universe.
(Thales, Heraclitus, Empedocles) Intimacy - The state of being with another
person but free from the outside world.

Sophists - Man is the source of all

measurements for all things; man is a free
entity who can chart his own direction.
(Protagoras, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle)
Medieval/Christian Theologians - Man has
no power over the laws of the universe.
Anonimity -The state of being unknown
even in a crowd.
Reserve - The state in which a person
employs psychological barriers to control
unwanted intrusions.

1-18 inches - Intimate level of space

Vitruvius - He denounced that a building
should reflect measurements and proportions
of the human body.
18-48 inches - Personal level of space

Alberti - "There is humanism in architecture.

4-12 feet - Social level of space
The concept of beauty is based in order of
numbers and Euclidean geometry."

12 or more feet - Public distance

Soft Architecture -The building or
environment can be personalized without
damage to them or without difficult surgery.
Marcus Vitruvius Pollio - Documented
architectural theory in the first book in
architecture.

Complimentary - Two colors that are

opposite in the color wheel, such as red and
green or violet and yellow.

7.85 times the height of the person's head -

Local adaptation of Le Corbusier's modulor
suggests that the human height with shoe
heel allowance is equal to _____.

Leonardo Da Vinci - The Vitruvian Man, a

nude male in 2 superimposed positions with
arms and legs apart was drawn by _____.

Fibonacci - A numerical series where each

number is the sum of the preceding two
numbers in the sequence

Golden Section - A modular system of

interrelated proportions based in the human
body and the golden ratio.

Protective - The roof, dome, and ceiling are

main examples of which elements of
architecture?

Vitruvius - Author of the Ten Books of

Architecture.

Golden Rectangle - A rectangle whose sides

are proportioned to the ratio of 1.618
between two sections.

Articulation - The manner in which the

surfaces of a form come together to define
its shape and volume.