Charging

Detecting Charges
 Static charge can be detected with the use of a device called an
______________.
 The electroscope was invented by a French clergyman and physicist
named Jean Nollet in 1748.
 A metal-leaf electroscope has two thin metal ___________ suspended
from a ___________ _________. This metal rod is attached to a
__________ ___________ located at the top.
 When charges are encountered, the leaves on the electroscope move
________.

Charging Objects

 In order to charge an object, the electrons of an atom have to be ______________ from the
protons. This separation is referred to as _____________ _____________.
 There are three methods that can be used to form charge imbalance:
o ___________________
o ___________________
o ___________________

Charging by Friction
 When two neutral objects are rubbed together, the ________________ created
__________________ electrons from object and __________________ them to the other
object.
 A charge imbalance is created because one object has ____________ electrons, becoming
_________________, and the other has _________________ electrons, becoming
____________________.
 Note that no electrons are lost during this process. They are simply transferred or
rearranged.

Electron Affinity
 Different types of materials have different abilities to ______________ on to their
electrons.
 This is called electron affinity.
 These materials are listed on a table called the ________________ ____________, in
accordance to how ______________________ they hold on to their electrons.
 The higher items have a ____________ hold on electrons becoming ___________.
 The lower items have a ____________ hold on electrons becoming ____________.
Triboelectric series:
Tend to lose Positive(+)
electrons Human Hands
(dry)
Glass
Human hair
Nylon
Cat fur
Silk
Cotton
Steel
Wood
Amber
Ebonite
Plastic wrap
Tend to gain Teflon
electrons Negative(-)

Charging by Contact
 Electrons can also be transferred through _____________ with a charged object.
 Charging by contact occurs when electrons _______________ from a charged object to a
_________________ object when the two touch each other.
 The neutral object gains the _______________ type of charge as the charged object that
touched it.

Charging by Induction
 Induction is the movement of electrons ______________ a material, which is caused by a
nearby charged object.
 For example, if a negatively charged balloon is brought near a neutral wall, the negative
charges in the balloon _______________ the electrons found near the surface of the wall,
making that area __________________ in charge.
 Note that no electrons were transferred from one object to another; they were simply
“_______________” away by the negative balloon.
  When you charge an object by induction, you use a charged object to induce a charge in a
neutral object, then you ____________________ the this object so that it may retain it’s
charge.
 Grounding means that the object is __________________ to the Earth’s using a
_____________________.
 Grounding an object provides a ____________________ for charges to travel to or from
the ____________________.
 Charging by induction gives an object the ______________________ charge of the item
used to charge it.

 To charge an object positively:

1. When a negatively charged
object comes near a neutral
electroscope, it repels the
electrons in the neutral
electroscope.
2. When you ground the neutral 3. When you remove the ground
electroscope, you provide a and charged object, the
path for the electrons to move electroscope is left with a
away from the repulsive positive charge.
object, making some
electrons leave the
electroscope.

 To charge an object negatively:

1. When a positively charged
object comes near a neutral
electroscope, it attract
electrons in the neutral
electroscope to the top.
2. When you ground the neutral
electroscope, you provide a
path for extra electrons to
travel from the ground, up
towards the attractive object.
3. When you remove the
ground and the charged
object, the electroscope is
left with extra electrons
making it negatively
charged.

Homework:
 Read pages 397-398, 404, 406-408
 Answer questions #1-5 (pg 398), #11 (pg 403) and #1-5, 7, 8 (pg 415)