ELEVATOR CONTROL USING AT89C51

MICROCONTROLELR
A project submitted in partial fulfilment for the course microcontrollers and
its applications

M. Moksha Lakshmi (18BEC0194)

T. Usha Sree (18BEC0206)

J. Govinda Lahari (18BEC0226)

Under supervision of

Dr. Debashish Dash

SCHOOL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATON

ENGINEERING
VELLORE INSTITUE OF TECHNOLOGY

VELLORE

2020
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled “ELEVATOR CONTROL USIGN AT89C51
MICROCONTROLLER” that is being submitted by “M. Moksha Lakshmi, T. Usha Sree,
J. Govinda Lahari” for microcontrollers and its applications (ECE3003) is a record of
bonafide work done under our supervision. The contents of this Project work, in full or in
parts, have neither been taken from any other source nor have been submitted for any other
course.

Place: vellore

Date: 4th, Nov,2020

Signature of Students:

M. Moksha Lakshmi

T. Usha Sree

J. Govinda Lahari

Signature of faculty:

Dr. Debashish Dash

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to several individuals and organizations for
supporting us throughout our project study. First, we wish to express our sincere gratitude to
our supervisor, Dr. Debashish Dash, for his enthusiasm, patience, insightful comments,
helpful information, practical advice and unceasing ideas that have helped us tremendously at
all times in our research and writing of this project. His immense knowledge, profound
experience and professional expertise in Data Quality Control has enabled us to complete this
research successfully. Without his support and guidance, this project would not have been
possible. We could not have imagined having a better supervisor in our study.

We also wish to express our sincere thanks to the University of Vellore institute of
technology for accepting us into the graduate program. In addition, we are deeply indebted to
the Dean of SENSE, all the faculties of SENSE for granting us the permission to finish this
project.

SIGNATURE:

M. Moksha Lakshmi

T. Usha Sree

J. Govinda Lahari

REGISTRATION NUMBERS

18BEC0194

18BEC0206

18BEC0226
 ABSTRACT

In this era where technology is growing at an alarming rate, elevator is very common example for
consuming time of humans. Elevator is very common to us nowadays. We use the elevator every day
in high buildings to get on to the desired floor in the shortest time possible. Elevator is a platform
that can move up and down in vertical direction by a mechanical means. Long back elevator drive
mechanism was powered by stream and water hydraulic piston. But in today’s world, there are
intricate governors and switching schemes to carefully control elevator. In this paper, we have
designed and implemented a prototype elevator and its control systems using a very low cost
microcontroller (AT89C51) based circuit. Thus the traditional analog negative feedback circuit has
been replaced. The elevator is operated by using DC motors and gears along, side timing belt.
Forward and reverse direction of motion of the DC motor is obtained by employing a MOSFET
bridge. An programming language program has got to be developed for the microcontroller for
implementing different logic operations, such as, floor selection, sensor detection, alarm signal
transmission and reception etc. This piece of work documents the findings and results of a research
on a microcontroller based elevator control system. In our project, the AT89C51 microcontroller
based lift system is constructed to simulate as an actual lift in the human life. When it comes to
automotive application this elevator control system is one of the important aspects of electronics
control module. Different levels has been designed in this control system. First the elevator system is
implemented for multi-storage buildings
1. INTRODUCTION:

The aim of our project is to style a really simple elevator system using handy
microcontrollers. Elevators are generally powered by electric motors that either drive
traction cables and counterweight systems sort of a hoist, or pump hydraulic fluid to
boost a cylindrical piston sort of a jack [1]. So, these motors got to be controlled by
sophisticated control circuits. We’ve developed a low cost elevator system using
microcontroller based negative feedback circuit. Because microcontroller has emerged
together of the low cost controller IC. we've chosen 89C51 because the primary
controller and that we use the 8-floor elevator model to point out 89C51 controlling on
the elevator. We’ve designed the program (software) for the general system consistent
with the important lift traffic management algorithm and also integrated the hardware
and software so as to simulate. With of these inputs we've built a lift model to simulate
the particular system. during this paper, we'll show
the system with 8-floors. Although we show the system with 8-floors, it's still possible
to point out this idea of elevator control with as many floors as desired. Each floor is
given with one push for the user. With the assistance of those, the lift choses a path
automatically and responds to the user [3].

1. Ground floor input:

2. user can attend any floor from 1 to eight 3.first floor input:
4. User can attend ground floor and also to any floor from 2 to eight similarly for all
the user inputs.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW:

Our planet is entering a new epoch, where Internet-of Things (IoT), and Artificial
Intelligence (AI) will play a tremendous role in meeting the really big challenges [2]. In
this exhaustive literature survey we come across the elevator system which works on
AT89C51 microcontroller [4]. It has been observed that this system work improves the
productivity, accuracy and speed of work, also more consistent performance, reduce the
labour work, reduce labour cost, achieving higher productivity and so on[5]. The basic
block diagram, shown above depicts the arrangement of devices for the project. The
power supply regulators convert the electricity provided externally into suitable
magnitude for the microcontroller and other assembly. The display unit actually
displaying the elevator direction, floor position.
3. METHODOLOGY:

A 8 storied passenger lift using microcontroller AT89C51 has been developed in this project
work as shown in fig2. There is a chamber of lift to carry passengers up and down with the
help of motor. In this project single motor is used to move the chamber. Few sensors are used
for the floor detection and to generate the floor arrival. Nine signals will be generated from
within the lift cabin: these could be push buttons and will be used to request the lift to go on
desire floor. The lift cabin will have eight push switches for this purpose, one for each
floor.7-segment led indication of lift system circuit design.
Nine signals will be generated outside the lift cabin, one from each floor. Again, these would
be push buttons and the purpose is going to be to call the lift on desired floor, if it's not
currently present there as shown in the fig4. One seven segment display are going to be
installed on each floor; which can tell the present location of the lift. Following display
pattern might be visible on seven segment display of lift project. The seven-segment circuit
is break away main controller circuit of lift. The power supply of master controller circuit,
and three floor indicator circuits (LED seven segment display).

User specifies the floor he wanted to move to. User presses the respective push button to
enable the elevator and allow to make its own path. Once the user selects the floor, elevator
starts moving to the desired floor and returns to the ground floor automatically as shown in
fig5. A 16×2 LCD is attached to the system that is used to display the status and its current
presence of the lift. This LCD also displays the user inputs on it. A LED is also attached to
the system to depict the floor through which the elevator is crossing or present.

3.1. COMPONENTS:

HARDWARE:

• AT89c51 microcontroller
• Power supply and resistors
• Push buttons
• 16×2 LCD and LED

SOFTWARE:

• Proteus software
• Keil Simulink
3.2. BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Fig1. BLOCKDIAGRAM SHOWING HOW IT WORKS

Power supply is given to all LCD, LED, and microcontroller as shown. The buttons designed
for each floor are connected to AT89C51. An LED and a LCD are connected to the system to
depict the elevator’s status and user’s input.

3.3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig2. BASIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Fig3. The circuit in the proteus show that LCD’S enable pin, RW, RS are connected to P3.1
and P3.0And P3.2 respectively to the AT89c51 microcontroller and all the push buttons are
powered using resistors and are connected to corresponding pins of port 0 and LED is
connected to port 2 of microcontroller.

Fig.4 when the elevator is moving upstairs

Fig.5. when the elevator is moving downstairs.

When we start simulating the circuit in proteus it ask us to enter the floor then we need do
press Pushbutton of desired floor and then the elevator starts moving up displaying G-Up on
LCD as shown in fig .4and On led it shows red color to the floor it passed and the after
reaching desired floor, it returns back after particular time interval and then it displays G-
Down as shown in fig.5 and when it is coming down and blue color is shown on LED.

5. CONCLUCION AND FUTURE SCOPE:

This work is being started to develop a microcontroller based elevator control. A working is
developed that replicates the important elevator system. The proposed scheme is
implemented and testing of the algorithm (program) on the model is employed to validate the
efficiency on the microcontroller. In this project we design eight floor building model to
establish the elevator system. This elevator system is employed to transports goods and
human. With the assistance of this elevator user can go any desired floor in less time. This is
very smooth process and simply controlled. This elevator system is definitely are often
establish in many stories buildings, mall, hospital. Microcontroller based elevator system is
definitely controlled and interfacing is straightforward. This elevator control stands best
cause of its compatibility and its economic advantage.
Present work is carried out using C coding in future this can be done using other programming
languages. Microcontroller can be replaced by Programmable Logic Controller. Control strategy
are often governed using the symbolic logic technique. Further scope in design, operator console
board could also be used for display and keypad design.

REFERENCES:-

[1]. Department Of Measurement and Information Systems, "Microprocessor based elevator

controlling system", version: FLV-V02.1, 1989.

[2]. Microprocessors and Interfacing (Douglas V.Hall) 1986.

[3]. MaykePredco, Hand book of Microcontroller (MC GrawHill,co ,USA)1999.

4]. MaykePredco, Hand book of Microcontroller atmega8(MC GrawHill,co ,USA)1999.

[5]. Muhammad Rashid ,Power Electronics Handbook. Elsevier. pp. 609–.612

ISBN 978-0-12-382037-2, 2011

[6]. www.nex-robotics.com › Products › Motors and Accessories.