1. abject 10.

accretion
of the most contemptible kind an increase by natural growth or
addition
aberration
acumen
2.
11.
a state or condition markedly
different from the norm shrewdness shown by keen
insight
abjure
adamant
3.
12.
formally reject or disavow a
formerly held belief insistent; unwilling to change one's
mind or opinion
abnegation
admonish
4.
13.
the denial and rejection of a
doctrine or belief scold or reprimand; take to task

5. abrogate 14. adumbrate

revoke formally describe roughly or give the main
points or summary of
abscond
adverse
6.
15.
run away, often taking something
or somebody along in an opposing direction

7. abstruse 16. advocate

difficult to understand a person who pleads for a person, cause,
or idea
accede
affluent
8.
17.
yield to another's wish or opinion
having an abundant supply of
9. accost money or possessions of value

approach and speak to someone 18. aggrandize

aggressively or insistently
embellish; increase the scope,
power, or importance of
19. alacrity 28. antiseptic
liveliness and eagerness thoroughly clean and free of
disease-causing organisms
alias
apathetic
20.
29.
a name that has been assumed
temporarily showing little or no emotion or
animation
ambivalent
antithesis
21.
30.
uncertain or unable to decide
about what course to follow exact opposite

22. amenable 31. apocryphal

disposed or willing to comply being of questionable authenticity

23. amorphous 32. approbation

having no definite form or distinct official acceptance or agreement
shape
arbitrary
anachronistic
33.
24.
based on or subject to individual
chronologically misplaced discretion or preference

25. anathema 34. arboreal

a formal ecclesiastical curse of or relating to or formed by trees
accompanied by excommunication
arcane
annex
35.
26.
requiring secret or mysterious
attach to knowledge

27. antediluvian 36. archetypal

of or relating to the period before of an original type after which
the biblical flood other things are patterned
37. arrogate 46. blandishment
seize and take control without flattery intended to persuade
authority
bilk
ascetic
47.
38.
cheat somebody out of what is
someone who practices self denial due, especially money
as a spiritual discipline
bombastic
aspersion
48.
39.
ostentatiously lofty in style
a disparaging remark
cajole
assiduous
49.
40.
influence or urge by gentle urging,
marked by care and persistent caressing, or flattering
effort
callous
atrophy
50.
41.
emotionally hardened
a decrease in size of an organ
caused by disease or disuse
51. calumny
42. bane a false accusation of an offense

something causing misery or

death 52. camaraderie
the quality of affording easy
43. bashful familiarity and sociability

self-consciously timid
53. candor
44. beguile the quality of being honest and
straightforward
influence by slyness
capitulate
bereft
54.
45.
surrender under agreed conditions
lacking or deprived of something
55. carouse
 engage in boisterous, drunken a person who makes or repairs
merrymaking shoes

56. carp 65. cogent

any of various freshwater fish of powerfully persuasive
the family Cyprinidae
cognizant
caucus
66.
57.
having or showing knowledge or
meet to select a candidate or understanding or realization
promote a policy
commensurat
cavort
67.

e
58.

play boisterously
corresponding in size or degree or
59. circumlocution extent

an indirect way of expressing 68. complement

something
something added to embellish or
60. circumscribe make perfect

draw a geometric figure around 69. compunction

another figure
a feeling of deep regret, usually for
61. circumvent some misdeed

surround so as to force to give up 70. concomitant

62. clamor following or accompanying as a
consequence

utter or proclaim insistently and

noisily 71. conduit
63. cleave a passage through which water or
electric wires can pass

separate or cut with a tool, such

as a sharp instrument 72. conflagration
64. cobbler a very intense and uncontrolled
fire
73. congruity 82. convivial
the quality of agreeing; being occupied with or fond of the
suitable and appropriate pleasures of good company

74. connive 83. corpulence

form intrigues (for) in an the property of excessive fatness
underhand manner
covet
consign
84.
75.
wish, long, or crave for
give over to another for care or
safekeeping
85. cupidity
76. constituent extreme greed for material wealth

one of the individual parts making

up a composite entity 86. dearth
an insufficient quantity or number
77. construe
make sense of; assign a meaning 87. debacle
to
a sudden and complete disaster

78. contusion 88. debauch

an injury in which the skin is not
broken a wild gathering involving
excessive drinking

79. contrite 89. debunk

feeling or expressing pain or
sorrow for sins or offenses expose while ridiculing

80. contentious 90. defunct

showing an inclination to disagree no longer in force or use; inactive

81. contravene 91. demagogue

go against, as of rules and laws
 a leader who seeks support by
appealing to popular passions 101. dispel
cause to separate and go in
92. denigrate different directions

attack the good name and

reputation of someone 102. disrepute
the state of being held in low
93. derivative esteem

a compound obtained from

another compound 103. divisive
causing or characterized by
94. despot disagreement or disunity

a cruel and oppressive dictator

104. dogmatic
95. diaphanous pertaining to a code of beliefs
accepted as authoritative
so thin as to transmit light

dour
didactic 105.
96.
showing a brooding ill humor
instructive, especially excessively

duplicity
dirge 106.
97.
the act of deceiving or acting in
a song or hymn of mourning as a bad faith
memorial to a dead person

duress
disaffected 107.
98.
compulsory force or threat
discontented as toward authority

eclectic
discomfit 108.
99.
selecting what seems best of
cause to lose one's composure various styles or ideas

100. disparate 109. edict

fundamentally different or distinct a formal or authoritative
in quality or kind proclamation
 strive to equal or match, especially
110. ebullient by imitating

joyously unrestrained
119. enervate
111. egregious weaken physically, mentally, or
morally
conspicuously and outrageously
bad or reprehensible
120. enfranchise
112. elegy grant freedom to, as from slavery
or servitude
a mournful poem; a lament for the
dead
121. engender
113. elicit call forth

call forth, as an emotion, feeling,

or response 122. ephemeral
anything short-lived, as an insect
114. embezzlemen that lives only for a day

t 123. epistolary
the fraudulent appropriation of
funds or property written in the form of letters or
correspondence

emend equanimity
115.
124.
make corrections to
steadiness of mind under stress

emollient equivocal
116.
125.
a substance with a soothing effect
when applied to the skin open to two or more
interpretations

empirical espouse
117.
126.
derived from experiment and
observation rather than theory choose and follow a theory, idea,
policy, etc.

emulate evanescent
118.
127.
 short-lived; tending to vanish or
disappear 137. extol
praise, glorify, or honor
128. evince
give expression to 138. extant
still in existence; not extinct or
129. exacerbate destroyed or lost

make worse
139. expurgate
130. exhort edit by omitting or modifying parts
considered indelicate
spur on or encourage especially
by cheers and shouts
140. fallacious
131. execrable containing or based on incorrect
reasoning
unequivocally detestable

fatuous
exigent 141.
132.
devoid of intelligence
demanding immediate attention

fetter
expedient 142.
133.
a shackle for the ankles or feet
appropriate to a purpose

flagrant
expiate 143.
134.
conspicuously and outrageously
make amends for bad or reprehensible

135. expunge 144. foil

remove by erasing or crossing out hinder or prevent, as an effort,
or as if by drawing a line plan, or desire

136. extraneous 145. forbearance

not belonging to that in which it is good-natured tolerance of delay or
contained incompetence
 someone who attacks cherished
146. fortuitous ideas or institutions

lucky; occurring by happy chance

156. idiosyncratic
147. fractious peculiar to the individual

easily irritated or annoyed

157. impecunious
148. garrulous not having enough money to pay
for necessities
full of trivial conversation

impetuous
gourmand 158.
149.
characterized by undue haste and
a person who is devoted to eating lack of thought
and drinking to excess

impinge
grandiloquent 159.
150.
infringe upon
lofty in style

impute
gratuitous 160.
151.
attribute or credit to
unnecessary and unwarranted

152. hapless 161. inane

devoid of intelligence
unfortunate and deserving pity

inchoate
hegemony 162.
153.
only partly in existence;
the dominance or leadership of imperfectly formed
one social group over others

incontrovertibl
heterogenous 163.
154.
e
consisting of elements that are not
of the same kind impossible to deny or disprove

155. iconoclast 164. incumbent

 necessary as a duty or a slight suggestion or vague
responsibility; morally binding understanding

165. inexorable 174. inure

impossible to prevent, resist, or cause to accept or become
stop hardened to

166. inimical 175. invective

not friendly abusive language used to express
blame or censure
injunction
intransigent
167.
176.
a judicial remedy to prohibit a
party from doing something impervious to pleas, persuasion,
requests, or reason
inoculate
inveterate
168.
177.
inject or treat with the germ of a
disease to render immune habitual

169. insidious 178. irreverence

working or spreading in a hidden a mental attitude showing lack of
and usually injurious way due respect

170. instigate 179. knell

provoke or stir up the sound of a bell rung slowly to
announce a death
insurgent
laconic
171.
180.
in opposition to a civil authority or
government brief and to the point

172. interlocutor 181. largesse

a person who takes part in a liberality in bestowing gifts
conversation
legerdemain
intimation
182.
173.
 an illusory feat
192. mendacious
183. libertarian given to lying

an advocate of freedom of thought

and speech 193. modicum
a small or moderate or token
184. licentious amount

lacking moral discipline

194. morass
185. linchpin a soft wet area of low-lying land
that sinks underfoot
a central cohesive source of
support and stability
195. mores
186. litigant the conventions embodying the
fundamental values of a group
a party to a lawsuit

munificent
maelstrom 196.
187.
very generous
a powerful circular current of water

multifarious
maudlin 197.
188.
having many aspects
effusively or insincerely emotional

nadir
maverick 198.
189.
the lowest point of anything
someone who exhibits
independence in thought and
action 199. negligent
characterized by undue lack of
190. mawkish attention or concern

effusively or insincerely emotional

200. neophyte
191. maxim any new participant in some
activity
a saying that is widely accepted
on its own merits
201. noisome 210. palliate
offensively malodorous lessen or to try to lessen the
seriousness or extent of
noxious
panacea
202.
211.
injurious to physical or mental
health hypothetical remedy for all ills or
diseases
obdurate
paradigm
203.
212.
stubbornly persistent in
wrongdoing a standard or typical example

204. obfuscate 213. pariah

make obscure or unclear a person who is rejected from
society or home
obstreperous
partisan
205.
214.
noisily and stubbornly defiant
a fervent and even militant
206. officious proponent of something

intrusive in a meddling or offensive 215. paucity

manner
an insufficient quantity or number
onerous
pejorative
207.
216.
burdensome or difficult to endure
expressing disapproval
ostensible
pellucid
208.
217.
appearing as such but not
necessarily so transparently clear; easily
understandable
ostracism
penchant
209.
218.
the act of excluding someone from
society by general consent a strong liking or preference
219. penurious 229. plethora
excessively unwilling to spend extreme excess

220. pert 230. portent

characterized by a lightly saucy or a sign of something about to
impudent quality happen

221. pernicious 231. potentate

exceedingly harmful a powerful ruler, especially one
who is unconstrained by law
pertinacious
preclude
222.
232.
stubbornly unyielding
make impossible, especially
223. phlegmatic beforehand

showing little emotion 233. predilection

224. philanthropic a predisposition in favor of
something

of or relating to charitable giving

234. preponderanc
225. pithy e
concise and full of meaning exceeding in heaviness; having
greater weight
226. platitude
a trite or obvious remark
235. presage
a foreboding about what is about
227. plaudit to happen

enthusiastic approval 236. probity

228. plenitude complete and confirmed integrity

a full supply 237. proclivity

 a natural inclination
247. quaint
238. profligate attractively old-fashioned

unrestrained by convention or
morality 248. quixotic
not sensible about practical
239. promulgate matters

state or announce
249. quandary
240. proscribe state of uncertainty in a choice
between unfavorable options
command against

recalcitrant
protean 250.
241.
stubbornly resistant to authority or
taking on different forms control

242. prurient 251. redoubtable

characterized by lust inspiring fear

243. puerile 252. relegate

displaying or suggesting a lack of assign to a lower position
maturity

remiss
pugnacious 253.
244.
failing in what duty requires
ready and able to resort to force or
violence
254. reprieve
245. pulchritude postpone the punishment of a
convicted criminal
physical beauty, especially of a
woman
255. reprobate
246. punctilious a person without moral scruples

marked by precise accordance

with details 256. rescind
 cancel officially
266. solipsism
257. requisition the philosophical theory that the
self is all that exists
an authoritative demand

spurious
rife 267.
258.
plausible but false
excessively abundant

staid
sanctimonious 268.
259.
characterized by dignity and
excessively or hypocritically pious propriety

260. sanguine 269. stolid

confidently optimistic and cheerful having or revealing little emotion
or sensibility
261. scurrilous
270. subjugate
expressing offensive, insulting, or
scandalous criticism make subservient; force to submit
or subdue
262. semaphore
271. surfeit
an apparatus for visual signaling
indulge (one's appetite) to satiety
263. serendipity
272. surreptitious
good luck in making unexpected
and fortunate discoveries marked by quiet and caution and
secrecy
264. sobriety
273. swarthy
the state of being unaffected or
not intoxicated by alcohol naturally having skin of a dark
color
265. solicitous
274. tangential
full of anxiety and concern
of superficial relevance if any
275. tome 284. umbrage
a large and scholarly book a feeling of anger caused by being
offended
toady
upbraid
276.
285.
a person who tries to please
someone to gain an advantage express criticism towards

277. torpid 286. utilitarian

in a condition of biological rest or having a useful function
suspended animation
veracity
travesty
287.
278.
unwillingness to tell lies
a composition that imitates or
misrepresents a style
288. vestige
279. trenchant an indication that something has
been present
having keenness and forcefulness
and penetration in thought
289. vicissitude
280. trite a variation in circumstances or
fortune
repeated too often; overfamiliar
through overuse
290. vilify
281. truculent spread negative information about

defiantly aggressive
291. virtuoso
282. turpitude someone who is dazzlingly skilled
in any field
a corrupt or depraved or
degenerate act or practice
292. vitriolic
283. ubiquitous harsh, bitter, or malicious in tone

being present everywhere at once

293. vituperate
 spread negative information about

294. vociferous
conspicuously and offensively loud

295. wanton
a lewd or immoral person

296. winsome
charming in a childlike or naive
way

297. yoke
join with stable gear, as two draft
animals

298. zephyr
a slight wind

299. wily
marked by skill in deception

300. tirade
a speech of violent denunciation
s
Essay words list to use in the conclusion

 Concluding everything
 In a nutshell
 To conclude
 To sum up things
 In short
 In summary
 It has been shown that
 Thus
 Therefore
 To summarize the whole essay
 In brief
 To end up
 To take stock
 So,
 In the end
  At last
 To wrap up the things

A vocabulary to use in an essay

The vocabulary of an essay is the general essay words that need to be used in the whole
essay at different places as per the requirements. Essay vocabulary has certain words that
will help by enhancing your writing style. Have a look at them

Accept Significance Certain Justify Judicious Persuasive Precede

Introductio
Accordingly Raised Latter Narrative Nevertheless Notwithstanding
n

Actually Analogy Initially Instance Intend Particular Paradigm

Additionally Analysis Illustrate Assumption Implicit Include Indicate

In addition Apply Explicit Extend Elucidate Extent Former

Admit Assess Explain Exception Exemplify Exemplary Exclude

Adjacent Amplify Description Dubious Enumerate Equal Equivalent

Affirmative Alternative Contrary Consequently Conversely Decline Deduce

Negate Catalogue Conclude Conditional Conclusion Conjunction Connect

Negatively Brief Claim Clarification Clarify Clause Coherence

Generalizati
Alleged Evident Evaluate Compound Consistent Denotation
on

Furthermore Example Establish Presumably Define Consider Comparison

Opinion Parallel Inevitable Paramount Infer Compare Connotation

Definitely Essential Eventual Foremost Induce Paradox Obvious

Phrase

Different types of essay writing

Now you have understood about the essay words, now it is time
to identify what type of essay you have to write. Yes, you heard it
right. Essays are of different types as per the need and subject.
Your type of essay depends upon the goal. Whether you want to
describe something, narrate an experience or story, explain an
issue or convince someone. So, let us have a look at different
types of essays.

Narrative essay
Narrative essays are used to tell a story about a real-life
experience. Often students think that such essays are easy to
write but they are challenging. The main challenge is to self
introspect. You might face difficulty while writing about yourself.
Sometimes you may not get the right words to define your
personality other time you are not completely aware of yourself. 
The aim of a narrative essay is to involve the readers as much as
possible, that can be only possible if you provide description
vividly. To know how to write narrative essay read narrative essay
outline.

Descriptive essay
This type of essay is almost similar to a narrative essay, here you
have to paint a picture in the reader’s mind through your words.
Here the work of a writer is to describe a place, object, memory or
a person. A descriptive essay is not just a mere description, rather
it consists of hidden or deep meaning. While writing a descriptive
essay, remember to show rather than telling anything. Use
sensory words, colourful details to make things felt. Your essay
should appeal to the emotions of the reader. Read more about
descriptive essay here: Key to write a descriptive essay.

Expository essay
If you are good in collecting facts, you can write a good expository
essay. Expository essays are informative essays. In this type of
essay, information presents a good analysis of a topic. Here a
writer uses facts, statistical data and lots of examples to explain
the topic perfectly. Your essay can be an eyesore if your facts are
wrong. So choose from the write sources or else take online
essay help from experts. Remember, not to make an emotional
appeal in an expository essay, as they are completely factual.

Persuasive essay
As the name suggests, these essays are used to persuade
readers. Write aims to convince the reader with his/her point of
view. Here also you have to take the help of facts and figures and
build your case with it. Your essay should adhere to logic and
rationality. The writer needs to provide all sides of the argument
but clearly tells why his/her viewpoint is more suitable or correct.
These are the four major types of essay writing in academics.
Gain perfection in them or take essay help online from
allassignmenthelp.com. Other than academic essays one more
type of essay is there, that is a college application essay, this type
of essay comes under the category of non-academic writing. Such
essays are used for taking admission in college. You can get help
in college application essay as well from allassignmenthelp.com. 

General explaining
Let’s start by looking at language for general explanations of complex points.

1. In order to
Usage: “In order to” can be used to introduce an explanation for the purpose of an
argument.
Example: “In order to understand X, we need first to understand Y.”

2. In other words
Usage: Use “in other words” when you want to express something in a different way
(more simply), to make it easier to understand, or to emphasise or expand on a point.
Example: “Frogs are amphibians. In other words, they live on the land and in the water.”

3. To put it another way

Usage: This phrase is another way of saying “in other words”, and can be used in
particularly complex points, when you feel that an alternative way of wording a problem
may help the reader achieve a better understanding of its significance.
Example: “Plants rely on photosynthesis. To put it another way, they will die without the
sun.”
4. That is to say
Usage: “That is” and “that is to say” can be used to add further detail to your
explanation, or to be more precise.
Example: “Whales are mammals. That is to say, they must breathe air.”

5. To that end
Usage: Use “to that end” or “to this end” in a similar way to “in order to” or “so”.
Example: “Zoologists have long sought to understand how animals communicate with
each other. To that end, a new study has been launched that looks at elephant sounds
and their possible meanings.”

Adding additional information to support a point

Students often make the mistake of using synonyms of “and” each time they want to
add further information in support of a point they’re making, or to build an argument.
Here are some cleverer ways of doing this.

6. Moreover
Usage: Employ “moreover” at the start of a sentence to add extra information in support
of a point you’re making.
Example: “Moreover, the results of a recent piece of research provide compelling
evidence in support of…”

7. Furthermore
Usage: This is also generally used at the start of a sentence, to add extra information.
Example: “Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that…”

8. What’s more
Usage: This is used in the same way as “moreover” and “furthermore”.
Example: “What’s more, this isn’t the only evidence that supports this hypothesis.”

9. Likewise
Usage: Use “likewise” when you want to talk about something that agrees with what
you’ve just mentioned.
Example: “Scholar A believes X. Likewise, Scholar B argues compellingly in favour of this
point of view.”

10. Similarly
Usage: Use “similarly” in the same way as “likewise”.
Example: “Audiences at the time reacted with shock to Beethoven’s new work, because it
was very different to what they were used to. Similarly, we have a tendency to react with
surprise to the unfamiliar.”
11. Another key thing to remember
Usage: Use the phrase “another key point to remember” or “another key fact to
remember” to introduce additional facts without using the word “also”.
Example: “As a Romantic, Blake was a proponent of a closer relationship between
humans and nature. Another key point to remember is that Blake was writing during the
Industrial Revolution, which had a major impact on the world around him.”

12. As well as
Usage: Use “as well as” instead of “also” or “and”.
Example: “Scholar A argued that this was due to X, as well as Y.”

13. Not only… but also

Usage: This wording is used to add an extra piece of information, often something that’s
in some way more surprising or unexpected than the first piece of information.
Example: “Not only did Edmund Hillary have the honour of being the first to reach the
summit of Everest, but he was also appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the
British Empire.”

14. Coupled with

Usage: Used when considering two or more arguments at a time.
Example: “Coupled with the literary evidence, the statistics paint a compelling view of…”

15. Firstly, secondly, thirdly…

Usage: This can be used to structure an argument, presenting facts clearly one after the
other.
Example: “There are many points in support of this view. Firstly, X. Secondly, Y. And
thirdly, Z.

16. Not to mention/to say nothing of

Usage: “Not to mention” and “to say nothing of” can be used to add extra information
with a bit of emphasis.
Example: “The war caused unprecedented suffering to millions of people, not to
mention its impact on the country’s economy.”

Words and phrases for demonstrating contrast

When you’re developing an argument, you will often need to present contrasting or
opposing opinions or evidence – “it could show this, but it could also show this”, or “X
says this, but Y disagrees”. This section covers words you can use instead of the “but” in
these examples, to make your writing sound more intelligent and interesting.
17. However
Usage: Use “however” to introduce a point that disagrees with what you’ve just said.
Example: “Scholar A thinks this. However, Scholar B reached a different conclusion.”

18. On the other hand

Usage: Usage of this phrase includes introducing a contrasting interpretation of the
same piece of evidence, a different piece of evidence that suggests something else, or
an opposing opinion.
Example: “The historical evidence appears to suggest a clear-cut situation. On the other
hand, the archaeological evidence presents a somewhat less straightforward picture of
what happened that day.”

19. Having said that

Usage: Used in a similar manner to “on the other hand” or “but”.
Example: “The historians are unanimous in telling us X, an agreement that suggests that
this version of events must be an accurate account. Having said that, the archaeology
tells a different story.”

20. By contrast/in comparison

Usage: Use “by contrast” or “in comparison” when you’re comparing and contrasting
pieces of evidence.
Example: “Scholar A’s opinion, then, is based on insufficient evidence. By contrast,
Scholar B’s opinion seems more plausible.”

21. Then again

Usage: Use this to cast doubt on an assertion.
Example: “Writer A asserts that this was the reason for what happened. Then again, it’s
possible that he was being paid to say this.”

22. That said

Usage: This is used in the same way as “then again”.
Example: “The evidence ostensibly appears to point to this conclusion. That said, much
of the evidence is unreliable at best.”

23. Yet
Usage: Use this when you want to introduce a contrasting idea.
Example: “Much of scholarship has focused on this evidence. Yet not everyone agrees
that this is the most important aspect of the situation.”

Adding a proviso or acknowledging reservations

Sometimes, you may need to acknowledge a shortfalling in a piece of evidence, or add a
proviso. Here are some ways of doing so.
24. Despite this
Usage: Use “despite this” or “in spite of this” when you want to outline a point that
stands regardless of a shortfalling in the evidence.
Example: “The sample size was small, but the results were important despite this.”

25. With this in mind

Usage: Use this when you want your reader to consider a point in the knowledge of
something else.
Example: “We’ve seen that the methods used in the 19th century study did not always
live up to the rigorous standards expected in scientific research today, which makes it
difficult to draw definite conclusions. With this in mind, let’s look at a more recent study
to see how the results compare.”

26. Provided that

Usage: This means “on condition that”. You can also say “providing that” or just
“providing” to mean the same thing.
Example: “We may use this as evidence to support our argument, provided that we bear
in mind the limitations of the methods used to obtain it.”

27. In view of/in light of

Usage: These phrases are used when something has shed light on something else.
Example: “In light of the evidence from the 2013 study, we have a better understanding
of…”

28. Nonetheless
Usage: This is similar to “despite this”.
Example: “The study had its limitations, but it was nonetheless groundbreaking for its
day.”

29. Nevertheless
Usage: This is the same as “nonetheless”.
Example: “The study was flawed, but it was important nevertheless.”

30. Notwithstanding
Usage: This is another way of saying “nonetheless”.
Example: “Notwithstanding the limitations of the methodology used, it was an important
study in the development of how we view the workings of the human mind.”

Giving examples
Good essays always back up points with examples, but it’s going to get boring if you use
the expression “for example” every time. Here are a couple of other ways of saying the
same thing.
31. For instance
Example: “Some birds migrate to avoid harsher winter climates. Swallows, for instance,
leave the UK in early winter and fly south…”

32. To give an illustration

Example: “To give an illustration of what I mean, let’s look at the case of…”

Signifying importance
When you want to demonstrate that a point is particularly important, there are several
ways of highlighting it as such.

33. Significantly
Usage: Used to introduce a point that is loaded with meaning that might not be
immediately apparent.
Example: “Significantly, Tacitus omits to tell us the kind of gossip prevalent in Suetonius’
accounts of the same period.”

34. Notably
Usage: This can be used to mean “significantly” (as above), and it can also be used
interchangeably with “in particular” (the example below demonstrates the first of these
ways of using it).
Example: “Actual figures are notably absent from Scholar A’s analysis.”

35. Importantly
Usage: Use “importantly” interchangeably with “significantly”.
Example: “Importantly, Scholar A was being employed by X when he wrote this work,
and was presumably therefore under pressure to portray the situation more favourably
than he perhaps might otherwise have done.”

Summarising
You’ve almost made it to the end of the essay, but your work isn’t over yet. You need to
end by wrapping up everything you’ve talked about, showing that you’ve considered the
arguments on both sides and reached the most likely conclusion. Writing a compelling
conclusion is just one of the skills you’ll learn as part of our essay writing courses for 13-
15-year-olds and academic writing for 16-18-year-olds. Here are some words and phrases to
help you.
36. In conclusion
Usage: Typically used to introduce the concluding paragraph or sentence of an essay,
summarising what you’ve discussed in a broad overview.
Example: “In conclusion, the evidence points almost exclusively to Argument A.”

37. Above all

Usage: Used to signify what you believe to be the most significant point, and the main
takeaway from the essay.
Example: “Above all, it seems pertinent to remember that…”

38. Persuasive
Usage: This is a useful word to use when summarising which argument you find most
convincing.
Example: “Scholar A’s point – that Constanze Mozart was motivated by financial gain –
seems to me to be the most persuasive argument for her actions following Mozart’s
death.”

39. Compelling
Usage: Use in the same way as “persuasive” above.
Example: “The most compelling argument is presented by Scholar A.”

40. All things considered

Usage: This means “taking everything into account”. Example: “All things considered, it
seems reasonable to assume that…”
At Oxford Royale Academy, we offer a number of summer school courses for young
people who are keen to improve their essay writing skills. Click here to apply for one of our
courses today, including law, politics, business, medicine and engineering.
How many of these words and phrases will you get into your next essay? And are any of
your favourite essay terms missing from our list? Let us know in the comments
below, or get in touch here to find out more about courses that can help you with your
essays.

Words to use in your introduction

The trickiest part of academic writing often comes right at the start, with your introduction. Of
course, once you’ve done your plan and have your arguments laid out, you need to actually put
pen to paper (or fingers to keyboard) and begin your essay.

You need to consider that your reader doesn’t have a clue about your topic or arguments, so your
first sentence must summarise these. Explain what your essay is going to talk about as though
you were explaining it to a five year old – without losing the formality of your academic writing,
of course! To do this, use any of the below words or phrases to help keep you on track.
1. Firstly, secondly, thirdly

Even though it sounds obvious, your argument will be clearer if you deliver the ideas in the right
order. These words can help you to offer clarity and structure to the way you expose your ideas.
This is an extremely effective method of presenting the facts clearly. Don’t be too rigid and feel
you have to number each point, but using this system can be a good way to get an argument off
the ground, and link arguments together.

2. In view of; in light of; considering

These essay phrases are useful to begin your essay. They help you pose your argument based on
what other authors have said or a general concern about your research. They can also both be
used when a piece of evidence sheds new light on an argument. Here’s an example:

The result of the American invasion has severely impaired American interests in the Middle
East, exponentially increasing popular hostility to the United States throughout the region, a
factor which has proved to be a powerful recruitment tool for extremist terrorist groups
(Isakhan, 2015). Considering [or In light of / In view of] the perceived resulting threat to
American interests, it could be argued that the Bush administration failed to fully consider the
impact of their actions before pushing forward with the war.

3. According to X; X stated that; referring to the views of X

Introducing the views of an author who has a comprehensive knowledge of your particular area
of study is a crucial part of essay writing. Including a quote that fits naturally into your work can
be a bit of a struggle, but these academic phrases provide a great way in.

Even though it’s fine to reference a quote in your introduction, we don’t recommend you start
your essay with a direct quote. Use your own words to sum up the views you’re mentioning, for
example:

As Einstein often reiterated, experiments can prove theories, but experiments don’t give birth to
theories.
Rather than:

“A theory can be proved by experiment, but no path leads from experiment to the birth of a
theory.” {Albert Einstein, 1954, Einstein: A Biography}.

Adding information and flow

The flow of your essay is extremely important. You don’t want your reader to be confused by the
rhythm of your writing and get distracted away from your argument, do you? No! So, we
recommend using some of the following ‘flow’ words, which are guaranteed to help you
articulate your ideas and arguments in a chronological and structured order.

4. Moreover; furthermore; in addition; what’s more

These types of academic phrases are perfect for expanding or adding to a point you’ve already
made without interrupting the flow altogether. “Moreover”, “furthermore” and “in addition” are
also great linking phrases to begin a new paragraph.

Here are some examples:

The dissociation of tau protein from microtubules destabilises the latter resulting in changes to
cell structure, and neuronal transport. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction leads to further
oxidative stress causing increased levels of nitrous oxide, hydrogen peroxide and lipid
peroxidases.

And:

On the data of this trial, no treatment recommendations should be made. The patients are
suspected, but not confirmed, to suffer from pneumonia. Furthermore, five days is too short a
follow up time to confirm clinical cure.

5. In order to; to that end; to this end

These are helpful academic phrases to introduce an explanation or state your aim. Oftentimes
your essay will have to prove how you intend to achieve your goals. By using these sentences
you can easily expand on points that will add clarity to the reader.
For example:

My research entailed hours of listening and recording the sound of whales in order to
understand how they communicate.

Or...

Dutch tech companies offer support in the fight against the virus. To this end, an online meeting
took place on Wednesday...

Even though we recommend the use of these phrases, DO NOT use them too often. You may
think you sound like a real academic but it can be a sign of overwriting!

6. In other words; to put it another way; that is; to put it more simply

Complement complex ideas with simple descriptions by using these sentences. These are
excellent academic phrases to improve the continuity of your essay writing. They should be used
to explain a point you’ve already made in a slightly different way. Don’t use them to repeat
yourself, but rather to elaborate on a certain point that needs further explanation. Or, to
succinctly round up what just came before.

For example:
A null hypothesis is a statement that there is no relationship between phenomena. In other
words, there is no treatment effect.

Or...

Nothing could come to be in this pre-world time, “because no part of such a time possesses, as
compared with any other, a distinguishing condition of existence rather than non-existence.”
That is, nothing exists in this pre-world time, and so there can be nothing that causes the world
to come into existence.

7. Similarly; likewise; another key fact to remember; as well as; an equally significant
aspect of
These essay words are a good choice to add a piece of information that agrees with an argument
or fact you just mentioned. In academic writing, it is very relevant to include points of view that
concur with your opinion. This will help you to situate your research within a research context.

Also, academic words and phrases like the above are also especially useful so as not to repeat the
word ‘also’ too many times. (We did that on purpose to prove our point!) Your reader will be put
off by the repetitive use of simple conjunctions. The quality of your essay will drastically
improve just by using academic phrases and words such as ‘similarly’, ‘as well as’, etc. Here, let
us show you what we mean:

In 1996, then-transport minister Steve Norris enthused about quadrupling cycling trips by 2012.
Similarly, former prime minister David Cameron promised a “cycling revolution” in 2013…

Or

Renewable Energy Initiative (AREI) aims to bridge the gap of access to electricity across the
continent (...). Another key fact to remember is that it must expand cost-efficient access to
electricity to nearly 1 billion people.

The wording “not only… but also” is a useful way to elaborate on a similarity in your arguments
but in a more striking way.

Comparing and contrasting information

Academic essays often include opposite opinions or information in order to

prove a point. It is important to show all the aspects that are relevant to your
research. Include facts and researchers’ views that disagree with a point of
your essay to show your knowledge of your particular field of study. Below are
a few words and ways of introducing alternative arguments.

8. Conversely; however; alternatively; on the contrary; on the other hand; whereas

Finding a seamless method to present an alternative perspective or theory can be hard work, but
these terms and phrases can help you introduce the other side of the argument. Let's look at some
examples:

89% of respondents living in joint families reported feeling financially secure. Conversely, only
64% of those who lived in nuclear families said they felt financially secure.

And...

The first protagonist has a social role to fill in being a father to those around him, whereas the
second protagonist relies on the security and knowledge offered to him by Chaplin.

“On the other hand” can also be used to make comparisons when worded together with “on the
one hand.”

9. By contrast; in comparison; then again; that said; yet

These essay phrases show contrast, compare facts, and present uncertainty regarding a point in
your research. “That said” and “yet” in particular will demonstrate your expertise on a topic by
showing the conditions or limitations of your research area. For example:

All the tests were positive. That said, we must also consider the fact that some of them had
inconclusive results.

10. Despite this; provided that; nonetheless

Use these phrases and essay words to demonstrate a positive aspect of your subject-matter
regardless of lack of evidence, logic, coherence, or criticism. Again, this kind of information
adds clarity and expertise to your academic writing.

A good example is:

Despite the criticism received by X, the popularity of X remains undiminished.

11. Importantly; significantly; notably; another key point

Another way to add contrast is by highlighting the relevance of a fact or opinion in the context of
your research. These academic words help to introduce a sentence or paragraph that contains a
very meaningful point in your essay.

Giving examples

A good piece of academic writing will always include examples. Illustrating your essay with
examples will make your arguments stronger. Most of the time, examples are a way to clarify an
explanation; they usually offer an image that the reader can recognise. The most common way to
introduce an illustration is “for example.” However, in order not to repeat yourself here are a few
other options.

12. For instance; to give an illustration of; to exemplify; to demonstrate; as evidence; to

elucidate

The academic essays that are receiving top marks are the ones that back up every single point
made. These academic phrases are a useful way to introduce an example. If you have a lot of
examples, avoid repeating the same phrase to facilitate the readability of your essay.

Here’s an example:
‘High involvement shopping’, an experiential process described by Wu et al. (2015, p. 299)
relies upon the development of an identity-based alliance between the customer and the brand.
Celebrity status at Prada, for example, has created an alliance between the brand and a new
generation of millennial customers.

Concluding your essay

Concluding words for essays are necessary to wrap up your argument. Your conclusion must
include a brief summary of the ideas that you just exposed without being redundant. The way
these ideas are expressed should lead to the final statement and core point you have arrived at in
your present research.
13. In conclusion; to conclude; to summarise; in sum; in the final analysis; on close
analysis

These are phrases for essays that will introduce your concluding paragraph. You can use them at
the beginning of a sentence. They will show the reader that your essay is coming to an end:

On close analysis and appraisal, we see that the study by Cortis lacks essential features of the
highest quality quantitative research.

14. Persuasive; compelling

Essay words like these ones can help you emphasize the most relevant arguments of your paper.
Both are used in the same way: “the most persuasive/compelling argument is…”.

15. Therefore; this suggests that; it can be seen that; the consequence is

When you’re explaining the significance of the results of a piece of research, these phrases
provide the perfect lead up to your explanation.

16. Above all; chiefly; especially; most significantly; it should be noted

Your summary should include the most relevant information or research factor that guided you to
your conclusion. Contrary to words such as “persuasive” or “compelling”, these essay words are
helpful to draw attention to an important point. For example:

The feasibility and effectiveness of my research has been proven chiefly in the last round of
laboratory tests.

Or...

Film noir is, and will continue to be, highly debatable, controversial, and unmarketable – but
above all, for audience members past, present and to come, extremely enjoyable as a form of
screen media entertainment.

17. All things considered

This essay phrase is meant to articulate how you give reasons to your conclusions. It means that
after you considered all the aspects related to your study, you have arrived to the conclusion you
are demonstrating.

Summary

After mastering the use of these academic words and phrases, we guarantee you will see an
immediate change in the quality of your essays. The structure will be easier to follow, and the
reader’s experience will improve. You’ll also feel more confident articulating your ideas and
using facts and examples. So jot them all down, and watch your essays go from ‘good’ to ‘great’!

The 14 Punctuation Marks with Examples

 
We can break down the punctuation marks into five categories,
as follows:
 

 Sentence endings: period, question mark, exclamation point

 Comma, colon, and semicolon
 Dash and hyphen
 Brackets, braces, and parentheses
 Apostrophe, quotation marks, and ellipsis
 
Each category serves its own purpose within a sentence or a text.
While there are some differences between American and British
punctuation styles, here we’ll focus on the main examples
instead of breaking down the slight differences. Let’s take a
closer look at each punctuation mark and its usages.
 
Period (.)
 
This one is probably the most straightforward. Also referred to
as a full stop, the period denotes the end of a sentence. A full
sentence is considered as one that is complete and declarative.
 
Here’s an example of a period at the end of a sentence:
 

 The dog ran under the fence.

 
Periods are also used in abbreviations, such as in names or titles.
 
Here are examples of how to use a period in abbreviations:
 

 Dr. Smith read his patient’s chart.

 Mr. H. Potter opened his front door.
 
Question Mark (?)
 
A question mark also ends a sentence, however it ends a
sentence that is a direct question. Typically, sentences that are
questions begin with what, how, when, where, why, or who.
 
Here’s how to use a question mark in a sentence:

 How do you like your eggs?

 Why didn’t you like the movie last night?
 
Generally, a question mark also denotes a shift in tone in a
sentence if it’s being read out loud, so this is something to take
note of.
 
Source: Pixabay 
 
Exclamation Point (!)
 
An exclamation point or exclamation mark is also used at the
end of a sentence when that sentence expresses an intense
emotion. The expression can be a variety of things, from
excitement, disgust, anger, joy, or anything else. Exclamation
points are meant to add emphasis to a sentence.
 
Here’s how to use one in a sentence:
 

 “Look out behind you!” she yelled.

 I’m so excited to go to the park tomorrow!
 
Comma (,)
 
Commas are used to insert a pause into a sentence. The purpose
of the pause can be for different reasons, such as to separate
ideas, phrases, or even alter the structure of a sentence.
 
Commas have a few different uses. Commas are used for a
direct address, such as:
 

 Joe, it was nice to see you again.

 
They’re also used to separate two complete sentences:
 

 He went to the library, and then he went out for lunch.

 
Commas can also be used to list items in a sentence:
 

 She went shopping and bought shoes, a dress, two shirts,

and a pair of pants.
 
Commas are one of the most misused punctuation points, and its
misuse often results in a comma splice. A comma splice is when
you join two independent clauses with a comma instead of a
conjunction. For example:
 
 It’s almost time for dinner, I’m not hungry.
 Instead of using a comma, the sentence should read:
 It’s almost time for dinner and I’m not hungry.
 
Oxford commas are often debated within academics and the
English language, and using one often comes down to
preference. An Oxford comma is when a final comma is placed
on the last item of a list. For example:
 

 He likes to eat fruits, cake, vegetables, and pasta.

 
Colon (:)
 
A colon has three primary uses. One way to use it is when
introducing something, such as a quote, an example, a series, or
an explanation.
 
She took four classes last semester: history, biology, arts, and
economics.
 
A colon can also be used to link two independent clauses if the
second clause clarifies or completes the first one. For example:
 

 They didn’t have time to waste: it was already late.

 Finally, a colon can also emphasize a subject in a sentence:
 I only hate one vegetable: brussel sprouts.
 
Semicolon (;)
 
Similar to a colon, a semicolon links two independent clauses.
However, in this case, the clauses are more closely related than
when you would use a colon. For example:
 
I have a meeting tomorrow morning; I can’t go out tonight.
 
Both clauses are independent enough to be their own sentences,
but instead of using a period, it’s possible to use a semicolon to
show both clauses are connected.
 
Another less common use for semicolons is within a list that
uses commas. Have a look:
 
 Last summer we traveled to London, England; Paris,
France; Rome, Italy; and Athens, Greece.
 
Dash (-)
 
There are two types of dashes that vary in size and use.
 
En dash: Typically shorter in length, the en dash is used to
denote a range, such as between numbers or dates. For example:
 

 The company was operational from 1990-2000.

  He took the Chicago-New York train last night.
 Em dash: this dash is longer, and is sometimes used instead
of other punctuation marks, like commas, colons, or
parentheses. Here’s an example:
 Her answer was clear — Yes!
 
Hyphen (-)
 
Not to be confused with a dash, a hyphen is used in compound
words when two or more words are connected. Here are some
examples of hyphenated words:
 

 Step-by-step
 Mother-in-law
 Ex-boyfriend
 
Brackets ([ ])
 
Brackets are used to clarify something or for technical terms or
explanations. It can also be used to clarify a subject when
quoting another person or text. For example:
 

 She [Mrs. Smith] agrees that cats are better than dogs.
 Adam said that “[summer] is my favorite time of year.”
 
Braces ({ })
 
It’s unlikely you’ll need to use braces very often unless you’re
writing a mathematical or technical text. However, it’s still good
to know so you don’t accidentally use them instead of brackets
or parentheses. Braces are usually used in operations, for
example:
 
  6{3x+[28+2]}=xy
 
Parentheses (( ))
 
Parentheses are used to supply further details or information or
as an aside. Parentheses can often be replaced with commas and
the sentence would retain its same meaning. Here’s an example:
 

 Kate (who is Matt’s wife) likes to go for walks.

 
Apostrophe (‘)
 
Apostrophes are meant to show that a letter or letters have been
omitted and also to indicate the possessive or contractions. It can
also be used to pluralize lowercase letters. Here are some
examples:
 

 I’ve been working from home for 6 months and it’s great.
 Rebecca’s dog had surgery yesterday.
 All that’s left to do is dot the i’s and cross the t’s.
 
Quotation Marks (“)
 
Quotation marks are used to denote text, speech, or words
spoken by someone else. It is also used to indicate dialogue.  
 

 “I don’t like this,” said Mark.

 She told him that she “prefers not to think about that.”
 Single quotation marks (‘ ’), not to be confused with
apostrophes, are often used for a quote within a quote.
 Jill told her mother “Jack ran up the hill and he said he was
going to ‘fetch a pail of water’ before he fell.”
 
Ellipsis (…)
 
An ellipsis is three periods used together to represent an
omission of words or letters. They are often used to jump from
one sentence or phrase to another while omitting unnecessary or
obvious words. It’s also used when quoting someone and
unnecessary words are left out.
 
Here are some examples:
 

 At midnight, she began to count down: “ten, nine, eight…”

and then the ball dropped.
 When Martin Luther King said “I have a dream…” he was
talking about civil rights and an end to racism.
 
To Wrap Up
 
Now that you’ve learned more about what are the 14
punctuation marks and you’re able to use them, you’ll be a much
stronger overall writer. If you’re a student who needs some extra
help with grammar or punctuation, you can always find help
through your school.
 
At University of the People, our student support advisors can
offer you help with your writing skills among a number of other
things.