Titanium alloys in total joint replacement - A

materials science perspective

Long M., Rack H.J.
Sch. of Chem. and Mat. Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States

Abstract: Increased use of titanium alloys as biomaterials is occurring due to their lower modulus, superior
biocompatibility and enhanced corrosion resistance when compared to more conventional stainless steels
and cobalt-based alloys. These attractive properties were a driving force for the early introduction of α
(cpTi) and α + β (Ti-6A1-4V) alloys as well as for the more recent development of new Ti-alloy
compositions and orthopaedic metastable β titanium alloys. The later possess enhanced biocompatibility,
reduced elastic modulus, and superior strain-controlled and notch fatigue resistance. However, the poor
shear strength and wear resistance of titanium alloys have nevertheless limited their biomedical use.
Although the wear resistance of β-Ti alloys has shown some improvement when compared to α + β alloys,
the ultimate utility of orthopaedic titanium alloys as wear components will require a more complete
fundamental understanding of the wear mechanisms involved. This review examines current information on
the physical and mechanical characteristics of titanium alloys used in artifical joint replacement prostheses,
with a special focus on those issues associated with the long-term prosthetic requirements, e.g., fatigue and
wear.Increased use of titanium alloys as biomaterials is occurring due to their lower modulus, superior
biocompatibility and enhanced corrosion resistance when compared to more conventional stainless steels
and cobalt-based alloys. These attractive properties were a driving force for the early introduction of α(cpTi)
and α+β(Ti-6Al-4V) alloys as well as for the more recent development of new Ti-alloy compositions and
orthopaedic metastable β titanium alloys. The later possess enhanced biocompatibility, reduced elastic
modulus, and superior strain-controlled and notch fatigue resistance. However, the poor shear strength and
wear resistance of titanium alloys have nevertheless limited their biomedical use. Although the wear
resistance of β-Ti alloys has shown some improvement when compared to α+β alloys, the ultimate utility of
orthopaedic titanium alloys as wear components will require a more complete fundamental understanding of
the wear mechanisms involved. This review examines current information on the physical and mechanical
characteristics of titanium alloys used in artificial joint replacement prostheses, with a special focus on those
issues associated with the long-term prosthetic requirements, e.g., fatigue and wear.
Index Keywords: Biocompatibility; Corrosion resistance; Elastic moduli; Fatigue of materials; Materials
science; Orthopedics; Shear strength; Titanium alloys; Wear resistance; Fatigue resistance; Total joint
replacement; Joint prostheses; alloy; aluminum; aluminum oxide; biomaterial; cobalt; polyethylene
derivative; stainless steel; titanium; biocompatibility; chemical parameters; corrosion; fatigue; human; joint
prosthesis; orthopedic surgery; physical parameters; priority journal; review; tensile strength; young
modulus; Alloys; Biocompatible Materials; Humans; Joint Prosthesis; Titanium

Year: 1998
Source title: Biomaterials
Volume: 19
Issue: 18
Page : 1621-1639
Cited by: 744
Link: Scorpus Link
Correspondence Address: Rack, H.J.; School Chemical Material Engineering, Clemson University,
Clemson, SC 29634, United States
Publisher: Elsevier Sci Ltd, Exeter, United Kingdom
Document Type: Review
Source: Scopus
Authors with affiliations:
1. Long, M., Sch. of Chem. and Mat. Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
2. Rack, H.J., Sch. of Chem. and Mat. Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
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