DLD-EXP 01 (Studying Different Digital Integrated Circuits (ICs)

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering/
Department of Computer Science/

Department of Computer Engineering
American International University- Bangladesh (AIUB)
Laboratory Report
Digital Logic Design Laboratory
Semester: Fall 2021-22
Experiment No. :01

Experiment Title: Studying different digital Integrated Circuits (ICs) gates.
Date of Experiment: 25/09/2021 Date of Report Submission: 05/10/2021
Group Members
Group No.
ID Name
18-36543-1
1. NAHID, MD AKRAMUL HOQUE
SIFATULLAH
2. 18-36576-1
SOUMIK, NAHIDUL HOQUE
3. 18-36579-1
6 KHAN, MD. SHAWON
4. 18-36592-1
JOTY, SHAKILA FARHANA
5. 18-36627-1
Marking Rubrics for Laboratory Report (to be filled by Faculty)

Objectives Unsatisfactory (1) Good (2-3) Excellent (4-5) Marks
Simulation circuits are not Partial simulation circuit results All the simulation circuits are
Simulation circuits &
included in this report. are included in this report. included in this report with
Results
appropriate results.
Cannot reach meaningful Can extract most of the accurate Can extract all relevant conclusion
Discussion,
conclusions from data. Answers to the report with appropriate answer to the
Comparison between
experimental data; Cannot questions are partially correct; report questions; Summarize
theoretical and
summarize or compare Summarize finding in an finding in a complete & specific
simulation results
findings to expected results incomplete way way
Most of the questions are 40-60% answers are correct with Most of the report questions are
Report Questions either not answered or reasonable explanation. answered with proper illustration
answered improperly. and justification.
Report is not prepared as per Report is organized despite of few Report is very well organized.
Organization of the
the instruction. missing sections as per the
report
recommended structure.
Comments Assessed by (Name, Sign, and Date)
Total (out of 20):
Title:
Studying different digital Integrated Circuits (ICs).
Abstract:
An electronic circuit formed on a little piece of semiconducting material, playing out a similar capacity as a
bigger circuit produced using discrete parts is called an incorporated Circuit or IC. We learned with regards to
various kinds of rationale gates and for all intents and purposes confirmed their reality tables by utilizing fitting
incorporated Circuits or ICs. A logic gate is a rudimentary structure square of an advanced circuit.
Theory:
In analog signals, data is converted into electric beats of shifting sufficiency yet in the event of computerized,
interpretation of data is in paired configuration (zero or one) where each piece is illustrative of two particular
amplitudes.Analog signals fluctuate ceaselessly and their worth is influenced by all degrees of clamor. Advanced
signs can be handled by computerized circuit parts, which are modest and effortlessly created in a large number
on a solitary chip.
There are two kinds of circuits which are known as incorporated circuit and discrete circuit. The two principle
benefits of ICs over discrete circuits are cost and execution. Cost is low in light of the fact that the chips, with
every one of their parts, are printed as a unit by photolithography instead of being developed each semiconductor
in turn. . Execution is high on the grounds that the parts switch rapidly and burn-through little force (contrasted
with their discrete partners) because of the little size and nearness of the parts. There are seven fundamenta logic
gates: AND, OR, NOT, NOR, NAND,XOR and XNOR. Boolean articulation for every one of these logic gate
are given beneath:
AND operation:
The AND operation produces a high if and only if all the inputs are high. An AND gate can have two or more
inputs and performs AND operation or logical multiplication.
Fig1.1: Symbol of AND gate
Truth Table:
Input, A Input, B Output, F
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
OR operation: 1 1 1
The OR operation produces a high output when any of the inputs are
high. It has two or more inputs and one output which performs OR operation or logical addition.
Fig 1.2: Symbol of OR gate
Truth Table:
Input, A Input, B Output, F
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
NOT operation:
The NOT operation changes one logic level to the opposite logic level. It is implemented by a logic circuit known
as an inverter.
NAND operation:
The NAND gate operates as an AND gate followed by a NOT gate. It acts in the manner of the logical operation
"AND" followed by negation. The output will be low if both inputs are high. Otherwise, the output is high.
NOR operation:
The NOR gate is a combination OR gate followed by an inverter. Its output is high if both inputs are low.
Otherwise, the output is low.
Fig 1.5: Symbol of NOR gate
XOR operation:
The XOR (exclusive OR) gate acts in the same way as the logical "either/or" .The output is high if either, but
not both, of the inputs are high. The output is low if both inputs are low or if both inputs are high. Another way
of looking at this circuit is to observe that the output is 1 if the inputs are different, but 0 if the inputs are the
same.
XNOR operation:
The XNOR (exclusive-NOR) gate is a combination XOR gate followed by an inverter. Its output is high if
the inputs are the same, and low if the inputs are different.
Apparatus:
1. Digital trainer board
2. Integrated Circuits ( 7400, 7402, 7404, 7408, 7432, 7486 )
3. Power supply
4. Connecting wires
Table for verification:

AND gate Verification OR gate Verification
A B Y State of LED A B Y State of LED
0 0 0 Off 0 0 0 Off
0 1 0 Off 0 1 1 On
1 0 0 Off 1 0 1 On
1 1 1 On 1 1 1 On
NOT gate Verification NAND gate Verification

A Y State of LED A B Y State of LED
0 1 On 0 0 1 On
1 0 Off 0 1 1 On
1 0 1 On
1 1 0 Off
NOR gate Verification XOR gate Verification XNOR gate Verification

A B Y State of LED A B Y State of LED A B Y State of LED
0 0 1 On 0 0 0 Off 0 0 1 On
0 1 0 Off 0 1 1 On 0 1 0 Off
1 0 0 Off 1 0 1 On 1 0 0 Off
1 1 0 Off 1 1 0 off 1 1 1 On
(3) Simulation circuits and Results:

Circuit 1: And gate
Resut:
Circuit 2: Or gate.
Result:
Circuit 3: Nand gate
Result:
Circuit 4: Nor gate
Result:
Circuit 5: X-or gate
Result:
Circuit 6: X-Nor gate
Result:
Circuit 7: Not gate
Result:
Results and Discussion:

The main point of this experiment was to study different digital Integrated circuits and to verify different logic
gates. By investigating hypothetical and reasonable information one might say that both the information is
same and there is no inconsistencies. To confirm Dual inline bundle ICs were utilized for all the logic gate. Pin
associations for every one of the ICs were read and see appropriately for legitimate association. Every one of
the associations were painstakingly made and readings were taken cautiously to keep away from blunders. The
voltage supply was turned off during the execution. During the experiment a defective IC was found. It was
getting unreasonably hot in light of the fact that it was shorted out inside. The defective IC was supplanted
appropriately. The confirmation was finished by following the Truth Tables for all logic gates. Finally, the
experiment was successful by studying Integrated circuits and verifying all the logic gates.
Report Question: Question Answer:

1. Vcc represents voltage at gatherer. Essentially Vcc is associated in the normal gatherer pin of an
IC. It is consistently the positive pin. Ground of an IC method negative inventory voltage. In
computerized rationale, this is almost consistently the negative pin. The greater part of the Ics are worked
in 5V DC power.
2. To build a 4I/p AND gate we need three 2 I/p AND gate. First we need to utilize two 2 I/p AND
gate to interface every one of the four sources of info. Then, at that point, the yields of these AND gate
ought to be associated with the contribution of the third 2 I/p And door. This way we can develop a 4 I/p
AND entryway by utilizing 2 I/p AND door.
3. We can develop a XOR gate circuit straightforwardly utilizing AND, OR and NOT gate. The
articulation will be ( ) . Nonetheless, this methodology requires five entryways of these three sorts. In
this manner we can develop a XOR gate.
References:
1) Whatis.techtarget.com
2) digital-signal-process.blogspot.com
3) www.jameco.com
List the references that you have used to answer the Report section above.

DLD-EXP 01 (Studying Different Digital Integrated Circuits (ICs)

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Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering/

Department of Computer Science/

Experiment No. :01

Date of Experiment: 25/09/2021 Date of Report Submission: 05/10/2021

Marking Rubrics for Laboratory Report (to be filled by Faculty)

Fig1.1: Symbol of AND gate

Fig 1.2: Symbol of OR gate

Fig 1.5: Symbol of NOR gate

Table for verification:

NOT gate Verification NAND gate Verification

NOR gate Verification XOR gate Verification XNOR gate Verification

(3) Simulation circuits and Results:

Circuit 1: And gate

Circuit 3: Nand gate

Circuit 4: Nor gate

Circuit 5: X-or gate

Circuit 6: X-Nor gate

Circuit 7: Not gate

Results and Discussion:

Report Question: Question Answer:

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