Human Eye:

1. The human eye is a paired sense organ that reacts to light

and allows vision.
2. It is the gateway to one of our five senses.
Shape:
1. The eye is shaped like a round ball, with a slight bulge at
the front.
Structure And Functions of Human Eye:
The eye consist of the following three main layers.
1.Sclera:
1. The outer layer of the eyeball is a tough, white, opaque
membrane called the sclera.
2. It is also known as the white of the eye.
Function: The sclera provides protection and form.

2.Choroid:
1. It is the vascular layer of the eye, containing
connective tissues and blood vessels.
2. It between the retina and the sclera
Function:
 1. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the
outer layers of the retina.
2. It also maintains the temperature and volume of the
eye.

3.Retina:
1. The retina is a thin layer of tissue that lines the back
of the eye on the inside.
2. Several parts are associated with the retina. They
include:
Peripheral Retina: The area of the retina outside the
macula is know as peripheral retina.
Macula:
1. The macula is a small area in the center of the retina.
2. It helps in clearly seeing details of objects.
Fovea:
1. it is a depression in centre of the macula where
eyesight is sharpest.
2. fovea is responsible for sharp central vision.
Photoreceptors: following are two types of
photoreceptor cells present in retina.
1.Cones: They respond differently to light of different
wavelengths.
 They are responsible for color vision.
2.Rods
They are sensitive to light levels
 They are responsible for good vision in low light.

Blind spot:
 The point where the optic nerve and blood vessels
leave the eyeball is know as blind spot.

Cornea:
 The cornea is the transparent part of the eye that
covers the front portion of the eye.
 It is dome-shaped.
Function:
 The main function of cornea is to refract light.
 It also protects the eye.
Iris: The iris is a flat and ring-shaped membrane behind
the cornea of the eye.
Function:
Eye color is defined by iris
Pupil and iris are responsible for regulating the amount
of light that can enter the eye.

Pupil:
It is an adjustable opening in the center of the iris
Pupil and iris are responsible for regulating the amount
of light that can enter the eye.

Lens: lens is a transparent biconvex structure present

behind the iris of the eye.
The lens can be adjusted by ciliary body/muscles because
of its elastic nature.
It focuses the light rays that pass through it on the retina.
Conjunctiva: It is a mucous membrane present on front
surface of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids
 conjunctiva lubricate the eye by producing mucus
and tears

Optic Nerve: The optic nerve transfer visual information

from the retina to the brain.

Chambers In Eyes: There are three chambers in the eye.

1.Anterior Chamber: The anterior chamber is the front
part of the eye between the cornea and the iris.
2.Posterior Chamber: The posterior chamber is between
the iris and lens.
3.Vitreous chamber: The vitreous chamber is between
the lens and the back of the eye.
All of the three chambers support different parts of the
eye.

Protection of eye: The orbit, eyelashes, eyelids,

conjunctiva, and lacrimal glands help protect the eyes.
Orbit: it is the bony cavity that contains the eyeball.
Eyelashes: The eyelashes are short, tough hairs that grow
from the edge of the eyelid.
Eyelids: An eyelid is a thin fold of skin that covers and
protects the eye.
Lacrimal Glands: The lacrimal glands are serous type
exocrine glands that secrete lacrimal fluid onto the
surfaces of the conjunctiva and cornea.