EARTHQUAKE DISASTER Each site shall be assigned a soil profile type based on

properly sub stained geotechnical data using the site

categorization procedure.
 Earthquake Design – is a theoretical earthquake
event that modern building designers use to check
the resilience of a new structure, a building may
be engineered to withstand a design earthquake or
at least behave in a predictable way if a design
level event should occur.
NSCP – National Structural Code of the Philippines
2015
 The Purpose of earthquake provisions herein is
primarily to safeguard against major structural
failures and loss of life, not to limit damage or
maintain function.
 Structures and portions thereof shall, as a
minimum, be designed and constructed to resist
the effects of seismic ground motion as provided  Seismic Zone & Near Source Factor
by the code.
Seismic hazard characteristics for the site shall be
established based on the seismic zone and proximity of
Design Factors the site to active seismic source.
 Occupancy Categories The Philippine archipelago is divided into two seismic
 Soil Profile Type zones. Zone 2 covers the provinces of Palawan, Sulu, and
 Seismic Zone Tawi-Tawi while the rest of the country is under Zone 4
 Near Source Factor
 Seismic Source Type
 Building Type
 Height Limit

 Occupancy Categories
For purposes of earthquake-resistant design, each
structure shall be placed in one of the occupancy
categories.

The location and type of seismic sources to be used for

design shall be established based on approved geological
 Soil Profile Type data.
 Structural System
Each Structures shall be designated as one of the
following:

 Bearing Wall System

 Building Frame System
 Moment Resisting Frame System
 Cantilevered Column System
 Undefined Structural System

1. Bearing Wall System

A structural system without a complete vertical load
carrying space frame. Bearing walls or bracing systems
provide support for all or most gravity loads. Resistance
to lateral load is provided by shear walls or braced frames
3. Moment Resisting Frames
A structural system with an essentially complete space
frame providing support for gravity loads. Moment
Resisting frames provide resistance to lateral load
primarily by flexural action of members.
4. Cantilevered Column System
A structural system relying on cantilevered column
elements for lateral resistance

2. Building Frame System 5. Undefined Structural System

A structural system with an essentially complete space A structural system not listed in the code
frame providing support for gravity loads. Resistance to
 Height Limit
lateral loads is provided by shear walls or braced frames.
 FLOOD DISASTER
A flood is an overflow of water onto land that is
normally dry. Floods can happen almost anywhere. They
can cover an area with just a few inches of water or they
can bring enough water to cover the roof of a house.
Floods can be dangerous for communities, lasting days,
weeks or sometimes even longer.
 Landslide
Soil erosion is a gradual process that occurs when the
impact of water or wind detaches and removes soil
particles, causing the soil to deteriorate.
Easement
A property easement is a legal situation in which the title
to a specific piece land remains with the landowner, but
another person or organization is given the right to use
that land for a distinct purpose.
PD 1067 – The Water Code of the Philippines
 Act. 51. The banks or rivers and streams and the
shores of the seas and lakes throughout their entire
length and within a zone of:
 three (3) meters in urban areas,
 twenty (20) meters in agricultural areas
 forty (40) meters in forest areas,
along their margins, are subject to the easement of
public use in the interest of recreation, navigation,
flotage, fishing and salvage. No person shall be
allowed to stay in this zone longer than what is
necessary for recreation, navigation, flotage, fishing
or salvage or to build structures of any kind.
 Art. 53. To promote the best interest and the
coordinated protection of flood plain lands, the
Secretary of Public Works, Transportation and
Communications may declare flood control areas
and promulgate guidelines for governing flood
plain management plans in these areas.
 Art. 54. In declare flood control areas, rules and
regulations may be promulgate to prohibit or
control activities that may damage or cause
deterioration of lakes and dikes, obstruct the flow
of water, change the natural flow of the river,
increase flood losses or aggravate flood problems.
 Art. 55. The government may construction
necessary flood control structures in declared flood
control areas, and for this purpose it shall have a
legal easement as wide as may be needed along and
adjacent to the river bank and outside the bed or
channel of the river.
 Art. 56. River beds, sand bars and tidal flats may
not be cultivated except upon prior permission from
the Secretary of the Department of Public works,
Transportation and Communication and such
permission shall not be granted where such
cultivation obstructs the flow of water or increase
flood levels so as to cause damage to other areas.
 Art. 57. Any person may erect levees or revetments
to protect his property from flood, encroachment by
the river or change in the course of the river,
provided that such constructions does not cause
damage to the property of another.
Flood Control
Flood control refers to all methods used to reduce or
prevent the damaging effects of flood waters.
Flood Control Structures
 Concrete Revetment
 Gabion Walls
Sheet Piles – links. Pile cup
Concrete Revetment
Grouted Riprap &
Rubble Concrete – finished
WIND DISASTER
-the resulting force acting on the elevation is called the
“wind load”. The building’s structural design must absorb
wind forces safely and efficiently and transfer them to the
foundation in order to avoid structural collapse.
NSCP
Buildings, Towers and other vertical structures, including
the Main Wind – Force Resisting System (MWFRS)
and all components and cladding thereof, shall be
designed and constructed to resist wind loads as specified
herein.
 Vertical Structures
 Main Wind Force Resisting System
An assemblage of structural elements assigned to provide The basic wind speed shall be increased where records
support and stability for the overall structure. The system or experience indicate that the wind speed are higher
generally receives wind loading from more than one than those reflected in table 207-1.
surface.

 Wind Directional Factor

 Components and Claddings

Factors to Consider:

 Wind Speed
 Wind Directional Factor
 Importance Factor
 Exposure Category
 Velocity Pressure Exposure
 Importance Factor
An importance factor for the building or other structure
shall be determined based on the building and structure
 Wind Speed categories listed in Table 103-1.

 Exposure Category
For each wind direction considered, the upwind exposure
category shall be based on ground surface roughness that
is determined form natural topography, vegetation and
constructed facility. Windward – entry of wind
Leeward – exit

Pressure (+) or Suction (-)

Depends to the length, width, aesthetics of the building

 Velocity Pressure Coefficient

Base on the exposure category a velocity pressure
exposure coefficient as applicable shall be determined
form table 2017-4.