Tuesday
THE NEWS TODAY
BY PHOEBE QUIENG, M ARK SY, M ARIA
HUI, RHIANA ESPINA, JIMM Y WANG
This is the Indus River, where the people who started Civilization lived next to it. It was their
water supply for their Irrigation System and for their drinking water.
INDIA
History of India
-------------- PHOEBE QUIENG
Civilization started here in India where they
lived near the river which is the Indus River.
The Indus River is their main source of
water, using the water of the Indus River;
they built an Irrigation System. The people
may also use the water for their seafood
supply just by simply fishing the seafood
out, fresh from the river.
India had some major cities before, these
cities were Mojendro-daro and Harappa.
Historians have concluded that their system
must’ve been an efficient one. They reveal
that the city was well planned.
According to the book, the Indus people
were mostly farmers who grew crops such
as wheat, barley and dates. The public bath
in the Indus cities could indicate that the
Indus people probably participated in
religious bathing.
The people who first inhabited India was
the Dravidians, they were described as dark
skinned. Before the Aryans came to invade,
India was peaceful and not in chaos.
October 15 2021 Issue 10
Extra facts
The latest local news
-------------- MARK SY
The Indus River Civilization
is the largest ancient
civilization, and most likely
the oldest. Excavation of the
sites of the Indus Valley
Civilization is an on-going
process and by 1999, 1,056
cities and settlements had
been found. It flourished in
the basins of two major
rivers: Indus River, one of
the longest in Asia; and the
Ghaggar-Hakra River, which
is identified by many
scholars as the dried-up
form of what was once the
Sarasvati River. The
civilization encompassed
most of Pakistan, a
significant part of India and
parts of Afghanistan. The
size of Western Europe!
The Indus Valley Civilization
When the Aryans came, they invaded India and
had world’s first known
made the Dravidian’s lives very miserable. During
urban sanitation systems. All
the time of the Aryans; they made a class
houses were equipped with
system called “The Caste System”.
latrines, bathing houses,
and sewage drains which
The Dravidians in that Caste system are the
emptied into wider public
lowest rank which are the untouchables. The
drains and deposited the
untouchables are treated very badly or harshly
fertile sludge on agricultural
by the upper class.
fields. Some houses were
even equipped with the
The Aryans were described as light-skinned, they
world’s earliest known flush
moved slowly into another river valley – the
toilets!
valley of Ganges River. The Aryans settled on
the Ganges Plain as grain farmers and lived
alongside the Indus people who lived there.
Over the next few centuries there were mixed
cultures of the Indus people and the Aryans. By
600 BCE powerful and wealthy cities were built
on the Ganges Plain. These kingdoms were
unified to form Ancient India’s first empire which
is the Mauryan empire.
The Mauryan Empire was led by Chandragupta
Maurya, who led India in one rule. His
leadership or ruling, achieved the Golden Years Remains of the ancient Indus
of India. River Valley Civilization
 Extra facts
about India

----------- THE CASTE SYSTEM

The use of the word

’untouchables’ were banner after
India’s independence.

The Dalit, is a name for people

that used to be in the lowest
caste of India, previously
characterized as ‘untouchables’

You were not allowed to change

jobs especially if you were in
low ranked castes.

India’s Caste System

-------------- RHIANA ESPIÑA

The caste system is a strict division
Ancient India classified people in. This
grouping system was important to India
back in ancient times because it helped
bring India in order in society.
The highest rank in this system were
the Brahmins. These people were
usually the priests, scholars and
teachers. The Brahmins were
responsible for teaching and
maintaining spiritual knowledge.
The second rank is the Kshatriyas.
These people are the warriors and
rulers of India. They govern the land of
India.
Third rank of the caste system is
the Vaishyas. This rank contains the
farmers, traders and landowners.
The Vaishyas were the commoners
of India meaning they didn’t have a
too much of a big role.
The Shudras were a lower rank in
the caste system. They were the
field laborers and craftsmen. The
Dravidians were sorted here.
Lastly, the untouchables. These
people were outside of the caste
system of India. They were
considered outcasts. They were
always discriminated.

The Rise and Fall

-------------- MARIA HUI
The civilization of the Indus River at Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa arose at about 2500 BCE and ended with apparent
destruction about 1500 BCE. Mohenjo-Daro was built in the 26th century BCE. It was one of the largest cities of the
ancient Indus Valley Civilization. An overview of the Indus civilization. The civilization was first identified in 1921 at
Harappa in the Punjab region and then in 1922 at Mohenjo-Daro near the Indus River in the Sindh region. The Indus
Valley Civilization may have met its demise due to invasion. By an Indo-European tribe, called the Aryans, suddenly
overwhelmed and conquered the Indus River Valley.

This is the most developed city in the Indus Valley.