LEARNER’S PACKET (LeaP)

Student
Section:
Name:

Learning Area UCSP

12
Quarter FIRST QUARTER Week No. 4
Learning Days Tuesday Thursday Friday Date Covered October 4-8, 2021
I. LESSON TITTLE Significance of Cultural, Social, Political and Economic Symbols and Practices
1. Identify the human origins and the capacity for culture
II. MOST ESSENTIAL 2. Determine the role of culture in human adaptation
LEARNING 3. Explain processes of cultural and sociopolitical evolution
COMPETENCIES (MELCs) 4. Analyze the key features of interrelationships of biological, cultural and socio-political
processes in human evolution that can still be used and developed
III. CORE CONTENT Significance of Cultural, Social, Political and Economic Symbols and Practices
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITITES
I. Introduction
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the nature of Understanding Culture
Society and Politics. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

In 1991, hikers in the Alps found a dead body and notified the authorities. They thought that person might have died on a
recent hike, but extensive scientific testing revealed the body to be around 5,000 years old! Since the “Iceman” was frozen
for all this time, his body clothing, and tools were all preserved intact, giving us a rare glimpse of what it must have been
like to live in the Neolithic Era.

The discovery of the Iceman has also given us a mystery to solve. The autopsy’ revealed many signs of violent death.
When archaeologists inquire about the past, the examined evidence and put it together to tell their story. What story does
it tell?
D. Development
Artifacts

 Copper Axe
 Flint knife
 Unfinished longbows
 Flints (stones used for tools and fire)
 Mushrooms
14 bone-tipped arrows o Two finished
Twelve unfinished Autopsy
 Cerebral Trauma to the head
 Cuts and bruises on hands
 Arrow wound in shoulder (arrow probably removed)
 Blood from 4 people (DNA)
 57 Carbon Tattoos (dots and lines on lower spine. Back of knees
and right ankle)
 About 5000years old

The 3-IN-1 Learning Stations

Carefully look at each picture. Give your descriptions pertaining to their:

1. Culture or way of living

2. Physical capacity in doing the task
3. The kind of Leadership they have

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Guide Question:

In two to three sentences, explain how our cultural and sociopolitical ways has changed over the years?

Answer: __________________________________________________________________________________________________

In this part of your journey, we provide something for you to read to deepen your understanding about the topic.

Please do it with comprehension to discover knowledge that will help you out in dealing with the next phase of your quest.

Think it over:
1. When we try to compare then and now, what are differences in terms of how people carry out things physically,
culturally, and socio-politically?
2. What are the different stages in the cultural development of human?
3. How does human grow culturally, socially, and politically in Paleolithic Period? Neolithic Period? Age of Metal?
4. Why do you think people need a transformation or evolution to adapt to his/her environment?
5. Do you observe practices that preserve culture in today’s living? Explain by giving an example.
6. As a human, how do you progress? List down at least five things that you can’t do 10 years ago, and the things that you
can do at present.

10 years ago, I CANNOT ___________ At present, I CAN _________________________

HUMAN CULTURAL EVOLUTION

It is a saying that “human has no contentment”. As the environment changes, we continuously grow and find ways to
make maximize our effort as we live. It is very evident in the different stages of human cultural evolution: Palaeolithic
Period, Neolithic Period, and Age of Metal.

The term “Palaeolithic” was coined by archaeologist John Lubbock in 1865. It is derived the from Greek word, palaios,
which means "old"; and, lithos, "stone", In short, the Palaeolithic Period, which happened 2.5 million years ago, is also
known as "Old Stone Age".

In the Palaeolithic period, the Earth was extremely cold and ocean levels were much lower than they are now. Due to the
cold climate, much of the Stone Age is also called the Ice Age.

During these years, people were nomads and able to use simple tools and weapons made of unpolished stone. The caves
served as their shelter.

Similarly, this was the time when people discovered to use the fire, through the use of stone, for their protection against
cold temperature and to cook their own food.

Human beings in this time were grouped together in small societies such as bands, and subsisted by gathering plants and
fishing, hunting or scavenging wild animals. Also in this era, according to study of Dr. Jesus T. Peralta of NCCA, respect is
given to age, and individual prowess and ability are recognized. There are no leaders that could be said to be above
everybody else and whose commands are obeyed without question. In some cases, one who is known for good decisions

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is consulted when a problem arises; or well-known hunter will be asked to lead a hunting group.

Likewise, the term “Neolithic” also comes from the same archaeologist and from the Greek word “neo” which means new
and “lithos” meaning stone or in short, the “New Stone Age” which was happened for about 10,000 B.C. In this period, the
Cro Magnon disappeared and the new people who are considered the modern man appeared.

The Neolithic Revolution is also called as the First Agricultural Revolution. During this period, there was a wide-scale
transition of many human cultures from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to of agriculture and settlement kind of
society which eventually led to population increase. People depend on domesticated plants and animals. They learned
to create such crafts as pottery and weaving. They likewise developed boat as means of transportation and for fishing as
well.

From being nomads during the early stage, human began to develop a sedentary type of society of which they built-up
villages and towns.

Furthermore, they were never contented of their accomplishments. They kept on discovering things for their own
convenience. So, they discovered metals, and they gradually abandoned stone as the basic element for their instrument
and tools.

This period was known as Age of Metals (4000 B.C – 1500 B.C). The used of metal such as bronze, copper, and iron
produced a new historical development from the cradle civilization of Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia including the India,
and China which later spread throughout Asia.

There were three stages distinguished within this Age due to the different types of metals that were used: The Copper Age,
the Bronze Age and the Iron Age; copper was the first known metal, it is of a low hardness and it was used to make
ornaments; bronze is an alloy of copper and tin and it is harder and stronger than copper. Several eastern Mediterranean
peoples discovered this metallurgy and progressed rapidly.

During this age, agricultural tools were developed with bronze, such as plows and sickles, military weapons like swords,
spears and shields, as well as household utensils like jars, bowls and cups. Likewise, a more developed social, cultural,
political, and economic system were improved. Tribes, empires, and state were recognized at this point.

EARLY CIVILIZATION and RISE of the STATE

Ancient State and Civilization

One of the earliest states and civilizations was found in the Fertile Crescent which is known as the Mesopotamian
civilization. The word Mesopotamia is a Greek word for “Land between two rivers” which is often referred to as the cradle
of civilization. It is the region of the Western Asia located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It is known as the Fertile
Crescent where the first evidence of agriculture was also found. Here the first human civilizations were taking the earliest
steps from hunter-gatherer society into settled community.

Moreover, it is in Mesopotamia that the history writing appeared as early as over

5,000 years ago. This invention was so important that it marks the end of the
Prehistory, and the beginning of history. One of the first writing systems, the Cuneiform, is one of the most important
civilizations in the history of Mesopotamian culture.

Every city in Mesopotamia had its own government, rulers, warriors, patron god, and functioned like an independent
country. Mesopotamian cities were Ur, Uruk, Kish, Lagesh. There is a temple at the center of each city called a ziggurat (a
massive, tiered, pyramid-shaped structure).

There was also what we called Mesopotamian warrior-gods (2.400-2.500 B.C.) who govern and protect the people under
its government. Military commanders eventually became monarch creating a new structure of government called a
Dynasty. It is a series of rulers descending from a single-family line. The Akkadian Empire lasted about 200 years. In the year
2350–2150 B.C, Babylonian Empire overtook Sumerians around 2000 B.C., and they built capital, the Babylon, on Euphrates
River.

Another ancient states and civilizations was the Egyptian civilization. It emerged more than 5,000 years ago along the River
Nile in the north-east of Africa. The Ancient Egyptians lived near the River Nile because of its fertile land suitable for
growing crops and domestication of animals. Each year, water from the Nile rose and flooded the area. When the water
went back, it left mud that made the fields fertile.

Egyptians called their king a pharaoh. The pharaoh was all- powerful: He passed laws, He ruled the country, He owned
most of the land, and He controlled trade and led the armies. Egyptians believed that the pharaohs were gods.
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Modern State and Civilization

In the European continent, several states and civilization grew tremendously over centuries. In England, around 1500s, most
of the people lived in small villages. They paid tithes to their feudal landlords. Henry VII won the War of the Roses in
England, which led into what is known as the Tudor dynasty, and begun the development of the English nation-state.

In Spain in the year 1492, Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella took Spain back from the Muslim. It became the era of
Spain as a global power.

In France, Louis XIV of France created an absolute monarchy. France became the dominant power in Europe. When The
French Revolution broke out, it created the modern French nation-state, which sparked nationalism around Europe.

In 1914, when various nation-states started to claim their power and superiority over all the nations in the world, the World
War I begun until 1918. In 1919, Treaty of Versailles ended the World War I. It divided several multinational empires that led
to the creation of several new nation-states.

In 1939, the World War II started until 1945. The end of World War II led to the formation of United Nations in 1945.

The State of the People: Democratic State

In the recent decade after the two World Wars, people are becoming more active in
their government and state affairs, in which people become the source of political power and government rules. This
evolution in the government is known as the process of democratization, or simply democracy – the rule of the people.

Democratization is the transition to a more democratic political regime, including substantive political changes moving
in a democratic direction. It may be the transition from an authoritarian regime to a full democracy, a transition
from an authoritarian political system to a semi-democracy or transition from a semi- authoritarian political system to
a democratic political system. What is a democracy?

Moreover, a democracy is a form of government where the citizens of the nation have the power to vote. There are
several different types of democracies; (1) a representative democracy is a system where citizens choose government
representatives among their citizens, (2) direct democracy is when the citizens form a governing body and vote directly on
issues, (3) constitutional democracy limits the powers of government through the nation’s constitution.
E. Engagement

ARTICLE READING 101

Read the article entitled “A Settled Life”. Analyze how the ancient cultural and socio-political features developed and
impact our present period. Then, be able to answer the succeeding guide questions.
A Settled Life
(By: Dr. Senta German)

When people think of the Neolithic era, they often think of Stonehenge, the iconic image of this early era. Dating to
approximately 3000 B.C.E. and set on Salisbury Plain in England, it is a structure larger and more complex than anything
built before it in Europe. Stonehenge is an example of the cultural advances brought about by the Neolithic revolution—
the most important development in human history. The way we live today, settled in homes, close to other people in towns
and cities, protected by laws, eating food grown on farms, and with leisure time to learn, explore and invent is all a result
of the Neolithic revolution, which occurred approximately
11,500-5,000 years ago. The revolution which led to our way of life was the development of the technology needed
to plant and harvest crops and to domesticate animals.

Before the Neolithic revolution, it's likely you would have lived with your extended family as a nomad, never staying
anywhere for more than a few months, always living in temporary shelters, always searching for food and never owning
anything you couldn’t easily pack in a pocket or a sack. The change to the Neolithic way of life was huge and led to
many of the pleasures (lots of food, friends and a comfortable home) that we still enjoy today.(Stonehenge, c. 3,000
B.C.E., Salisbury Plain, England)

Neolithic Art. The massive changes in the way people lived also changed the types of art they made. Neolithic sculpture
became bigger, in part, because people didn’t have to carry it around anymore; pottery became more widespread and
was used to store food harvested from farms. This is when alcohol was first produced and when architecture, and its vivid
interior and exterior decoration, first appears. In short, people settle down and begin to live in one place, year after year.

It seems very unlikely that Stonehenge could have been made by earlier, Paleolithic, nomads. It would have been a
waste to invest so much time and energy building a monument in a place to which they might never return or might only
return infrequently. After all, the effort to build it was extraordinary. Stonehenge is approximately 320 feet in circumference
and the stones which compose the outer ring weigh as much as 50 tons; the small stones, weighing as much as 6 tons,
were quarried from as far away as 450 miles. The use or meaning of Stonehenge is not clear, but the design, planning and
execution could have only been carried out by a culture in which authority was unquestioned. Here is a culture that was
able to rally hundreds of people to perform very hard work for extended periods of time. This is another characteristic of
the Neolithic era.

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 A. Assimilation

V. ASSESSMENT
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. During the earliest stage of human cultural evolution, people were nomadic, so they hunt and gather foods. As
they learn to make a sedentary lifestyle in the Neolithic period. Which statement tells the accomplishment of
human in the Neolithic period?
A. Live in a cave
B. Used unpolished stone tools
C. Used metals to upgrade tools
D. Domesticate plants and animals

2. The Age of Metal produced a new historical development from the cradle civilization of Egypt, Mesopotamia,
including the India, and China which later on spread throughout Asia. Which type of metal were the earliest
known by human?
A. Aluminum
B. Bronze
C. Copper
D. Iron

3. There are three notable stages in the human cultural evolution. Which statement tells the correct timeline of these
evolutions?
A. Age of Metal, Neolithic Period, Paleolithic Period
B. Neolithic Period, Paleolithic Period, Age of Metal
C. Paleolithic Period, Age of Metal, Neolithic Period
D. Paleolithic Period, Neolithic Period, Age of Metal

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 4. From being nomads during the early stage, human began to developed a sedentary type of society of which they
built-up villages and towns. In which era has these evolutions happens?
A. Age of Bronze
B. Age of Copper
C. Neolithic Period
D. Paleolithic Period

5. The most significant evolution in Paleolithic period is when people discovered the use of fire. In the Neolithic
period is when human learned to domesticate plants and animals, which is known to be the First Agricultural Revolution. In
the Age of Metal is the discovery of people in using metal as their tools, thus, the Age of Metal is identified as:
A. Agricultural Revolution
B. Metal Civilization
C. Stone Revolution
D. Rise of Civilization

6. How were the first modern humans (Homo sapiens) different from any other hominid species?
A. They lived outside of Africa
B. They had large brains
C. They used and controlled fire
D. They used symbolic thought

7. In the history of human social evolution, what group of people was skillful at hunting and butchering animals?
A. Australopithecus
B. Home erectus
C. Homo habilis
D. Homo sapien

8. In the history of human civilization in which people started to develop their society, where did the world’s first
Civilization develop?
A. Mesopotamia
B. Crete
C. Egypt
D. Eastern China

9. From the different kind of government in various societies, what is a form of government where the citizens of the
nation have the power to vote?
A. Aristocracy
B. Bureaucracy
C. Democracy
D. Capitalism

10. In the context of European historical society, which of the following DOES NOT happened during pre -1500’s?
A. Henry VII wins the War of the Roses in England, begins the Tudor dynasty, and starts the development of the
English nation-state.
B. The era of Spain as a global power begins.
C. The hundred year’s war started.
D. The French Revolution
VI. REFLECTION
The learners, in their notebook, journal or portfolio will write their personal insights about the lesson using the prompts
below.

I understand that _________________________________________________________________________________________________.

I realized that _____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________.

VII. REFERENCES
Deped Modules

Checked By: DENNIS ARCE

Prepared By: MA. CLARA GABORNI
Noted By: DR. NERISSA R. DALUMPINES

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