Sumaya, Michael Jay O.

BSME-2A
Exercise 2.3
Essay
2. Cite ways by which society was transformed by science and technology
a. in Mesoamerica
Mesoamerica gave rise to complex societies, cities, astronomy, agriculture, mathematics,
monumental architecture, writing systems, and calendrical systems. They created intricate social, political,
religious, and economic engagements as they showed great advances in science, technology, and invention
through indigenous methods. They were also credited with significant contributions in fields such as
mathematics, medicine, astronomy, engineering, architecture, agriculture, education, writing, weaponry, and
others. With their ideas, they created new concepts, methods, systems, processes, and procedures, as well as
new goods.
b. in Asia
Asia is a region rich in history innovation. The contributions of Asia in the development of
science and technology had a big impact on present-day society. Through science and technology, Asia
societies enhanced agricultural production through the development of water irrigations and water storage
systems. The region also developed mining technology, mathematics, medicine (medicine from plants and
Acupuncture), textile technology, water technology, metrology, information, and communication technology
(invention of paper), biotechnology, military technology, automotive industry, and renewable energy.
c. in the Middle East
In the Middle East, Muslims embraced the scientific method, practiced critical thinking, and
produced new products as a result of experiments and observations. Through the help of science and
technology, they developed algebra and geometry (for architecture and other technologies), engineering
technology, and astronomy. They also enhanced their medicine and established the first hospital, Ahmad ibn
Tulun Hospital in Cairo. Some significant Islamic inventions and innovations like brewed coffee, flying
machines, the first degree-granting university in Fez, toothbrushes, and toothpaste, windmill, and musical
instruments (lute) helped in shaping modern societies. The discovery and exploration of oil radically changed
the social, political, and economic status of the Middle East.
d. In Africa
Despite suffering under a cruel system of slavery, the region of Africa has shared numerous
achievements in the domains of science and technology. They advanced their society through science and
technology. They created several modern high-school level mathematics concepts. They also made significant
advances in astronomy (accurate calendar), metallurgy (development of chisels and saws, copper and iron tools
and weapons, nails, glue, carbon steel, and bronze weapon and art), medicine (first known surgery performed in
Egypt), mining technology (deepest mine in the world), and architectural monuments such as pyramids.