A Project Report on

Semi-Automatic Riveting Machine

By

Mr. Mangesh Vasant Chaudhari Mr. Akash Subhash Barde

Mr. Riddhish Chetan Bhamre Mr. Jay Hasmukh
Kapadia

Guided by
Dr. Gajanan G. Waghmare

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Gokhale Education Society’s R.H.Sapat College of
Engineering, Management Studies &
Research, Nashik

R.H. Sapat College of Engineering, B.E.(Mechanical) 1|Page

 2020-21

R.H. Sapat College of Engineering, B.E.(Mechanical) 2|Page

Gokhale Education Society’s R.H.Sapat College
of Engineering, Management Studies &
Research, Nashik
2020-21

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. Mangesh Vasant Chaudhari, Mr.
Akash Subhash Barde, Mr. Riddhish Chetan Bhamre, Mr.
Jay Hasmukh Kapadia has successfully completed the Project
Stage-1 entitled “Semi-Automatic Riveting Machine” under
my supervision, in the partial fulfilment of Bachelor of
Engineering – Mechanical Engineering of University of Pune.
Date:
Place:
Dr. G.G. Waghmare
Project Guide Internal Examiner

Dr. P.B. Nehe Dr. P.C. Kulkarni

Head of the Department Principal
 Declaration
I declare that this written submission represents my ideas in my own words and
where others' ideas or words have been included, I have adequately cited and
referenced the original sources. I also declare that I have adhered to all principles of
academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or
falsified any idea/data/fact/source in my submission. I understand that any violation
of the above will be cause for disciplinary action by the Institute and can also evoke
penal action from the sources which have thus not been properly cited or from
whom proper permission has not been taken when needed.

Date:

R.H.Sapat College of Engineering, B.E.(Mechanical) 3|Page

 ABSTRACT

The success of any manufacturing sector depends upon the quality of its product. The
riveting is one of the important joining methods to permanently fasten two thin-
walled sheet metal parts. The existing Spin Riveting machine is manually operated
by the operator and the cycle time of this machine is 6sec and the output is 600
products per hour. In Spin riveting machine, the punch rotates about its axis at the
angle of 50, so as it rotates damage occurs to the component to which it is riveted
and ejection done in this is manual. The main purpose of our project is to develop a
semi-automatic press riveting machine. In this, by Application of Pneumatics
Actuators the fixture sliding track in which the fixture blocks move automatically
by PLC and after riveting the ejection of the component is done automatically by
Pneumatics.
The outcomes of this machine are that cycle time is reduced from 6 sec to 4 sec and
the output is increase from 600 to 900 products per hour. There will be no damage
to the component as the riveting is done automatically and hence rejection is
approximately equal to zero. By designing this machine, better joint strength is
provided and it improves quality and productivity by minimizing the cycle time.

Key Words: Riveting, Cycle time, Press machine, Automation,Pneumatics.

R.H. Sapat College of Engineering, B.E.(Mechanical) 4|Page

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter No. Section Title Page No.

CHAPTER- 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Joining 6
1.1.1 Types of Joining 6
1.2 Riveting 7
1.2.1 Types of Riveting 7
CHAPTER-2 LITERATURE REVIEW 10
CHAPTER-3 PROJECT IDEA
3.1 Objectives 12
3.2 Problem Identification 12
3.3 Methodology 13
3.4 Industrial Application 14
CHAPTER-4 DESIGN OF RIVETTING MACHINE
4.1 Design Consideration 16
4.2 Construction 17
4.3 System design 18
4.4 Actual Design 19
4.5 Electrical Panel 20
CHAPTER-5 CALCULATION
5.1 Force calculation 21
5.2 Deflection calculation 22
5.3 Fixture design 23
5.4 Actual Fixture 24
CHAPTER-6 COST ESTIMATION 25
CHAPTER-7 CONCLUSION 27
CHAPTER-8 FUTURE SCOPE 28
CHAPTER-9 REFERENCE 29
 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

JOINING:

Metal joining is defined as joining of two metal parts either temporarily or

permanently with or without the application of heat or pressure. These are the
processes that are used for joining metal parts and metal fabrication work.

Types of joining process:

1. Bolting: In this metal joining process, the metallic parts are joined together by
means of bolt or screw. This process is widely used in assembling of parts that
are to be joined temporarily or joints which require periodic maintenance.
2. Welding: In this metal joining process, the two parts that are to be welded are
fused together by application of heat and pressure. Permanent fusion happens
between joining metals. The various types of welding process are: a) Gas
welding b) Arc welding c) Resistance welding d) Solid state welding e)
Thermo-Chemical Welding f) Radiant Energy welding.
3. Brazing: Brazing is a metal joining process in which the filler material or
alloy is heated to a temperature above 450°C and melted. Only filler metal
melts and deposits fusing the work-piece. Work-piece doesn’t melts. Base
metal is heated and distributed between two close fitting parts by capillary
action. Filler materials: Aluminium-Silicon, copper, brass, nickel alloy, etc.
4. Soldering: Soldering is a metal joining process in which the filler material or
alloy is heated to a temperature below 450°C and melted. Solder is an alloy of
Tin (63%) and Lead (37%).Only filler metal melts and deposits fusing the
work- piece. Used in electronics and jewellery industry.
5. Clinching: Clinching is a bulk sheet metal forming process aimed at joining
thin metal sheet without additional components, using special tools to
plastically form an interlock between two or more sheets.
 Riveting: Riveting is a forging process that may be used to join parts together by
way of a metal part called a rivet. In this process, the metallic parts to be joined
undergo change in their physical structure. The rivet acts to join the parts through
adjacent surfaces. A straight metal piece is connected through the parts. Then both
ends are formed over the connection, joining the parts securely. The metal work piece
used to form the connection may be hollow or it may be solid. Rivets have many uses,
such as in the construction and sheet metal industries. Riveting is used widely in
automobile, electrical and aerospace industry and many other applications where we
require permanent or semi-permanent bonding and where bolting and welding is not
an option.

Fig.1. Riveting of sheet Metal

Types of Riveting:

1. Orbital riveting: Orbital riveting machines have a spinning forming tool

(known as a peen) which is gradually lowered into the rivet which spreads the
material of the rivet into a desired shape depending upon the design of the
tool. Many materials can be riveted together using orbital riveting machines
including delicate and brittle materials, and sensitive electrical or electronic
components. The orbital riveting process uses a forming tool mounted at a 3
or 6° angle. The forming tool contacts the material and then presses it while
rotating until the final form is achieved.
 Fig.2. Orbital Riveting Machine

2. Spin riveting machine: Spin riveting is, in comparison with impact riveting,
a closely controlled process whereby two or more components are joined
using one or more separate hollow or solid rivets.

Fig.3.Spin Riveting Machine

3. Impact riveting machine: Impact riveting machines set the rivet by driving
the rivet downwards, through the materials to be joined and on into a forming
tool (known as a roll set). This action causes the end of the rivet to roll over
in the
roll set which causes the end of the rivet to flare out and thus join the
materials together.

Fig.4.Impact Riveting Machine

 CHAPTER-2

LITERATURE REVIEW

ZHANG Et al [1] have discussed that the riveting joint is one of the
important joint methods to permanently fasten two thin-walled
sheet-metal parts.
It is most basic to efficiently analyse and estimate the deformation of the riveting
joint for the performance, fatigue durability and damage of the riveting structure
in the aircraft. This paper researches the riveting process mathematics modelling
and simulating to more accurately analyse deformation of thin-walled sheet-metal
parts. First, the mathematics and mechanics models for the elastic deformation,
plastic deformation and spring back of the rivet are built by mechanics theory.
Second, on the basis of ABAQUS system, a finite element system, an instance
made up of the rivet and two thin-walled sheet-metal parts of aluminium alloy is
used to analyse and simulate the stress and deformation. What’s more, a
comparison is made between the results obtained by the mathematics and
mechanics models and those by finite element method (FEM). The models are
proved true by the calculating and simulation results of the instance.
J. Mucha &Witkowsky [2] have discussed that the main principle used by the
designers of riveting joints is a shear condition of rivet material. In case of
shear test of conventional riveting joints, their strength is determined by
the mechanical properties of the fastener material. Hence, it is expedient to have
more insight on the fracture mechanism of various joints during tensile tests.
This paper discusses the strength of riveting joints of various sheet materials:
DC01 steel, AW-5754
aluminium alloy, and their hybrid arrangements. We also analyse of the fracture
mechanism of riveting joints in unilateral tensile tests of T-shaped specimens
made of various sheet materials. The experimental results on the joint critical
static load are compared with those obtained in the lap joint shear tests for the
same rivet types.
S. H. Satbhai Et al[3] have discussed that the successful implementation of any
manufacturing sector is largely dependingupon the quality & its productivity. In
traditional machining process for performing the different operation a separate
machine required whichbecomes a time consuming also the inaccuracy in
productivity due to involvement of human error which affects to productivity
cannot be get improved at faster rate .the main purpose of this paper to develop
special purpose machine for drilling and riveting machine which leads to
improve the quality and productivity by minimizing the time period. In this
process two or more operation can be performed simultaneously due to this
cost of a material reduces.
Aditya Polapragada Et al [4] have discussed that the pneumatic system has
gained a large amount of importance in last few decades. This importance
is due to its accuracy and cost. This convenience in operating the pneumatic
system has made us to design and fabricate this unit as our project. This unit,
as we hope that it can be operated easily with semi- skilled operators. The
pneumatic press has an advantage of working in low pressure, that is even a
pressure of 6 bar is enough for operating the unit. The pressurized air
passing through the tubes to the cylinder,forces
the piston out whose power through the linkage is transmitted to the punch.The
work piece thus got is for required dimensions and the piece can be collected
through the land clearance provided in the die. The die used in this is fixed
such that the die of required shape can be used according to the requirement.
 CHAPTER-3

Objectives of Press Riveting machine:

The objectives of our press riveting machine are as follow:

 To achieve mass production

 To reduce man power
 To increase the efficiency
 To reduce work load
 To reduce the production cost
 To reduce the production time
 To reduce material handling
 To reduce the fatigue of workers
 To achieve good product quality
 Less maintenance

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

The Existing Machine was the Spin Riveting machine which had the following
problems:

In our Spin riveting machine

1. Electrical power consumption is high

2. Cycle time required is high.
3. Chances of damage of tool and fixture.
4. High replacement of punch and fixture.
5. More rejection of part.
6. Chances of injury to the operator.
7. Improper riveting.
8. More maintenance cost of machine and fixture.
 9. In this around 600 products per hour are produced.

There are total 8 types of wastes during manufacturing process such as:
 T-Transport
 I – Inventory
 M- Motion
 W- Waiting
 O- Over production
 O- Over processing
 D- Defects
 S- Skill manpower
Therefore, to reduce the 4 wastes such as Motion, over processing, Defects, Skill
manpower we have chosen to design Press riveting machine.

Methodology:
We provid fixture sliding track in which the fixture blocks move automatically and
after riveting the ejection of the component is automatic. The outcomes of
this machine are that cycle time is reduced from 6 sec to 4 sec and the output is
increased from 600 to 900 products per hour.
By designing this machine, we are able to provide better joint strength and it
improves quality and productivity by minimizing the cycle time and strength of rivet
will be high and to increase productivity and customer satisfaction due to timely
delivery of product and this will be a semi-automatic machine.
 Fig.5.Existing Spin Riveting Machine

APPLICATION OF RIVETING

The application of riveting are as follow:

 They are used in lap, abutment, and double-cover plate joints.

 They can still be used for constructing a metal bridge, hoisting cranes, boilers,
and pressure tanks. But some other joining process may serve better.
 Rivet joints are used to join materials that cannot be welded or heated, such
as thin-walled parts made of sheet material in aircraft construction.
 It’s used in the manufacturing of bus and trolleybus bodies to create a heavily
loaded joint.
 In essence, rivets are widely used to join components in aircraft, boilers,
ships, and boxes as well as other enclosures.
 Rivet is widely used because it’s much cheaper to install than other joining
processes. The advancement of technology has brought about the automated
riveting machine, which is capable of installing more than a thousand rivets in
an hour.
 CHAPTER-4

DESIGN OF REVITENG MACHINE

Design consists of application of scientific principles, technical information and

imagination for development of new or improvised machine or mechanism to perform
a specific function with maximum efficiency and economy.

Hence a careful design approach has to be adopted. The total design work has been
split into two parts:

 System design
 Mechanical design

System design mainly concerns the various physical constraints and ergonomics,
space requirements, arrangement of various components on main frame at system,
man + machine interactions. No. Of controls, position of controls, working
environment of machine, chances of failure, safety measures to be provided, ease of
maintenance, total weight of the machine, etc.

In mechanical design the components are listed down and stored on the basis of their
procurement, design in two categories namely,

 Designed parts
 Parts to be purchased

For designed parts detached design is done & distinctions thus obtained are compared
to next highest dimensions which are readily available in the market. This amplifies
the assembly as well as postproduction work. The various tolerances on works are
specified. The parts which are to be purchased directly are selected from various
catalogues.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

1. Electrical panel mounting below side of the table.

2. Pneumatic ejection for auto unloads.
3. Design of contact terminal locating fixture as per 3D model.
4. Estimated output of machine 900 products per hour.
 Machine output depends on customer component.
5. We have provided HMI for production counter and other information.
6. We have mount harden rod inside track for smooth block sliding for reducing
friction.
7. Pneumatic make: SMC Pneumatics
8. Pneumatic mounting below side of table.
Station-1: terminal& contact (P, N, E)
loading Station-2: riveting
Station-3: auto ejection

CONSTRUCTION

Our Press Riveting Machine consists of the following parts:

1. Pneumatic Pressing cylinder

2. Pneumatic mounting
3. Base structure
4. Pressing structure
5. Fixture sliding track
6. Electrical panel
7. Riveting Punch
8. Mounting Pillar
9. Ejection cylinder for auto-rejection
 SYSTEM DESIGN

Pneumatic pressing cylinder

Pneumatic mounting

Fixture sliding track

Electrical panel

Output chute

Side cover sheet

Fig.6. Semi-Automatic Press Riveting Machine [software 3d]

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Assembly Of Semi-Automatic Riveting Machine

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 ACTUAL DESIGN

SEMI - AUTOMATIC RIVETING MACHINE

Fig.7 Actual View Of Machine

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ELECTICAL PANEL

Fig.8 Electrical Panel

R.H.Sapat College of Engineering, B.E.(Mechanical) 20 | Pag

Siemens LOGO PLC

• PLC work with programmable logic controllers

(abbreviated to PLC). These are small computers that have
inputs and outputs, a built-in operating system and
interfaces through which user programs can be loaded.

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• PLC gets information through inputs (relays, sensors, etc.)
and interacts with outputs (engines, valves, conveyor belts,
etc.)

Ladder Logic diagram

• Ladder logic is a programming language used to program a
PLC. It is a graphical PLC programming language which
expresses logic operations with symbolic notation. Ladder
logic is made out of rungs of logic, forming what looks
like a ladder – hence the name ‘Ladder Logic’.

Specifications
• Brand: Siemens
• PLC Power: 24V DC
• Current: 0.3A
• Mounting Type: Panel, Din Rail
• Digital Input: 24
• Digital Output: 20
• Analog Input: 8
• Analog Output: 8
• Software: Logo Soft
• Actual Digital Input: 14
• Actual Digital Output: 5

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DIRECTION CONTROL VALVE

• As the name implies directional control valves are used to

control the direction of flow in a pneumatic circuit. They are
used to extend, retract, position or reciprocate pneumatic
cylinder and other components for linear motion.
• Valves contains ports that are external openings for air to
enter and leave via connecting pipelines.
• The number of ports on a directional control valve (DCV)
for our application are 5 & 2 Positions.
i.e. 5/2 Spring Return Solenoidal DCV

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FLOW CONTROL VALVE

• A Flow control valve regulates the piston speed of

pneumatic drives during advance and retain strokes.
• The standard flow rate is measured at operating pressure of
6bar and output pressure with respect to atmospheric
pressure 1.01325bar.

• The purpose of flow control in a hydraulic system is to regulate speed. All the
devices discussed here control the speed of an actuator by regulating the flow rate.
Flow rate also determines rate of energy transfer at any given pressure. The two are
related in that the actuator force multiplied by the distance through which it moves
(stroke) equals the work done on the load. The energy transferred must also equal
the work done. Actuator speed determines the rate of energy transfer (i.e.,
horsepower), and speed is thus a function of flow rate.

• Directional control, on the other hand, does not deal primarily with energy control,
but rather with directing the energy transfer system to the proper place in the system
at the proper time. Directional control valves can be thought of as fluid switches that
make the desired "contacts." That is, they direct the high-energy input stream to the
actuator inlet and provide a return path for the lower-energy oil.

• It is of little consequence to control the energy transfer of the system through

pressure and flow controls if the flow stream does not arrive at the right place at the
right time. Thus, a secondary function of directional control devices might be
defined as the timing of cycle events. Because fluid flow often can be throttled in
directional-control valves, some measure of flow rate or pressure control can also be
achieved with them.

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PNEUMATIC CYLINDER

The purpose of flow control in a hydraulic system is to regulate speed. All the devices
discussed here control the speed of an actuator by regulating the flow rate. Flow rate also
determines rate of energy transfer at any given pressure. The two are related in that the
actuator force multiplied by the distance through which it moves (stroke) equals the work
done on the load. The energy transferred must also equal the work done. Actuator speed
determines the rate of energy transfer (i.e., horsepower), and speed is thus a function of
flow rate.

Directional control, on the other hand, does not deal primarily with energy control, but
rather with directing the energy transfer system to the proper place in the system at the
proper time. Directional control valves can be thought of as fluid switches that make the
desired "contacts." That is, they direct the high-energy input stream to the actuator inlet and
provide a return path for the lower-energy oil.

It is of little consequence to control the energy transfer of the system through pressure and
flow controls if the flow stream does not arrive at the right place at the right time. Thus, a
secondary function of directional control devices might be defined as the timing of cycle
events. Because fluid flow often can be throttled in directional-control valves, some
measure of flow rate or pressure control can also be achieved with them.
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Pneumatic cylinder is a mechanical device which use the
power of compressed gas to produce force in a reciprocating
linear motion . As per PLC program it stays at bottom position
for 1.8 sec and at top position for 1 sec .

• Compressed air – filtered - lubricated

• Cylinder bore (mm) = 160
• Stroke length (mm) = 40
• Working pressure = 0.5-10 bar
• Material of construction: aluminum, brass, steel
• Brand : Janatics

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PNEUMATIC CYLINDER

HORIZONTAL CYLINDER
• Compressed air – filtered - lubricated
• Cylinder bore (mm) = 80
• Stroke length (mm) = 28
• Working pressure = 0.5-10 bar
• Material of construction; aluminum, brass, steel
• Brand :Janatics

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 Filter Regulator Lubricant(FRL)

• Air leaving a compressor is hot, dirty, and wet which can

damage and shorten the life of downstream equipment,
including valves, cylinders, and air tools. So before
compressed air enters the system, it needs to be cleaned and
lubricated. That’s where an FRL comes in! An FRL combines
a filter, regulator, and lubricator into one component to keep
systems in optimal working condition.

• An FRL has three primary components:

1. Airline filter
2. Pressure regulator
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 3. Lubricator

REED SWTICH

• Integrated led
When the piston passes under the pneumatic cylinder reed
switch, the switch’s reeds closes a circuit to generate a signal
that is passed to plc and within 200mili sec the feedback is
given

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 CHAPTER-5

Calculation

5..1 Force Calculation on Middle Stopper Plate :

Pressure=Force/Area

We provide 6 Bar pressure but by cosidering some lossses we take 5.5 bar for our
calculation.

Where P= Pressure= 5.5*105 N/M2

A= Cross-sectional area of cylinder

F= Axial Force

Diameter=0.1 Meter

A = 0.1 x 0.1 x 𝜋
4

=7.85*10-3 M2

F=PxA

F = 5.5*105 x 7.85*10-3

∴ F = 4317.5 Newton

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5.2 Deflection of top cylinder mounting plate design:

F=4317.5N

0.025 m

0.12 m

Fig.9 Force Diagram

E= 210 x 109 N/m2

L= 0.17 m
Forg= 4431.67 N
Fnew= 6647.50 N ….(by giving FOS of 1.50)

δmax FL
3
= 48EI

b d3
I= 12
b= 0.12 m, d= 0.025 m
3
0.12 x 0.025
I= 12
I= 1.5625 x 10-7 m4

∴ δmax = 6647.5 x 0.173

48 x 210 x 109 x 1.5625 x 10-7

δmax = 2.07 x 10-5 Meter

Allowable deflection = 0.05mm and calculated deflection is 0.02mm which is

less Hence Design is safe.
Fixture design:

A poka-yoke is any mechanism in any process that helps an equipment operator avoid
mistakes. Its purpose is to eliminate product defects by preventing, correcting, or
drawing attention to Human Errors which occurs.

In fixture design, poka-yoke is used. In this, the P, N, E contact terminals have their
separate designs. These contact terminals cannot be interchanged into one another.
So there is no chance of rejection of products.

Theoretical Weight of the fixture block= 0.25 kg

As there are 4 blocks on one side total weight will be 1 kg.

But practically stable weight is 2 kg.

Fig 10. Isometric view of Sliding Fixture

 FIXTURE

Fig.11 Top View of Fixture

Fig.11.1 OPERATION 1
Fig.11.2 OPERATION 2

Fig.11.3 OPERATION 3

R.H.Sapat College of Engineering, B.E.(Mechanical) 24 | Page

 CHAPTER-6

Cost Estimation

Part Name Quantity Raw material Mass(kg)

Size(cm)

Stopper Plate 1 9.5 × 6.0 × 2.3 1.0291

Press Cylinder 1 Ø3.5 × 3.2 2.4168

Mounting Rod

Middle Stopper 1 20 × 12 × 2.5 4.71

Plate

Machine Mounting 4 Ø5 × 10 = 1.5413 × 4

Rod 6.1653

Air Nozzle 1 7 × 7 × 2.3 0.8846

Plate

Stopper Bush 1 Ø7 × 4 1.2084

Press Cylinder 1 15 × 20 × 2.8 6.594

Cylinder Mounting 1 6 × 6 × 1.8 0.5086

Bracket

Guide Pin 1 Ø1.5 × 11 0.1525

Guide Ram 1 Ø4 × 11 1.0851

Base Plate 1 35 × 26 × 4 28.57

Side Guide 1 13.8 × 3.7 × 2 0.8016

Track-1

R.H.Sapat College of Engineering, B.E.(Mechanical) 25 | Page

 Side Guide 2 25.6 × 3.7 × 2 = 1.4871 × 2
Track-2 2.9742

Side Guide 2 25.6 × 3.7 × 2 = 1.4871 × 2

Track-3 2.9742

Side Guide 1 11 × 4 × 2 0.6908

Track-4

Total: 60.7652 kg
• Cost of MS/kg = Rs 75
• Cost of Total Raw Material = Rs 75 × 60.76kg. = Rs 4557
• Cost of Fliter Regulator Lubricator ( Janatics company) = Rs 4500
• Cost of Pneumatic Actuator ( Janatics company) = Rs 20,000
• Cost of single small Pneumatic Actuator ( Janatics company) = Rs 1,200
• Cost of 5 small Pneumatic Actuator = Rs 6,000
• Cost of Electrical Pannel = Rs 22,500
• Read Switch Position Sensor(10 Units,2500Rs/item) = Rs 25000
• Direction Control Valve(5 Units,1500Rs/item) = Rs 7500

• Total Cost = Rs 90,057

R.H.Sapat College of Engineering, B.E.(Mechanical) 26 | Page

 CHAPTER-7

Conclusion

A riveting machine is used to automatically set (squeeze) rivets in order to join

materials together. Today manufacturers are equally aware of the importance of semi-
and fully automatic riveting to build quality products and optimize production.

Our riveting machine will offer greater consistency, productivity, and lower cost
when compared to manual riveting.

There will be no damage to the component as the riveting is done automatically and
hence rejection is approximately equal to zero. By designing this machine,we provide
better joint strength and it improves quality and productivity by minimizing the cycle
time.

Also it can be easily operated by Semi-Skilled operator. Our pneumatic press has an
advantage of working in low pressure that is even a pressure of 6 bar is enough for
operating the unit.

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 CHAPTER-8

Future Scope

Since old age man is always trying to gain more and more luxurious. Man is always trying to
develop more and more modified technique with increasing the aesthetic look and economic
consideration. Hence there is always more and more scope. But being the mechanical Engineers
and having the ability to think and plan. But due to time constraints, we put following future
modifications.

 Our machine is semi automatic which can be turned into full automatic by doing some
modifications.
 Different types fixtures are also can be designed for this machine for different components
holding purpose.
 Also we can apply real-time condition monitoring and protection for this machine to check
health of machine.
 Implementation of this Project to all Press Operation industries.
 Life cycle during outdoor operations.

R.H.Sapat College of Engineering, B.E.(Mechanical) 27 | Page

 CHAPTER- 9

References

[1] Zhang Kaifu, Cheng Hui, Li Yuan: Journal of aeronautics,24(2010), pp-369-377

[2] J. Mucha and W. Witkowsky: “Mechanical behaviour and failure of riveting joints
in tensile and shear tests”, Strength of materials , vol.47, no.5, 2015 pp-755-767

[3] S.H Sathbai, D.B. Zagade,Prof.D.P.Sonawane : “A paper on study and design

of multi-purpose riveting machine.”
International research journal of engineering and technology, vol.4, 2017 pp-2395-
0072

[4] A.S Aditya Polapragada, Girish Gharat, Aniket Patil, :IJSRDV3I2234

vol.3,Issue 2, 2015, pp-283-285

[5] Hydraulics and Pneumatics A Technician’s &Engineer’s Guide by

Andrew Parr.