Automated Elevator With

Overload Alert
A.ADITYAREDDY-adityareddy0369@gmail.com-130907008-1

Soumya…

Abstract
The purpose of this project is for effective
elevator control system, which is programmed in
such a way that whenever there is overload a
buzzer will start ringing and door will not close.
The door will only close when the number of
Description
This system helps to indicate limit of an elevator,
which is how many people can be inside an
elevator at a particular time. The system displays

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the number of people inside an elevator with the

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people inside the lift is less than or equal to preset help of 7 segment display. Each pair consists of 2
number of people. The number of people in the sensor pairs placed at a certain distance from one

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elevator can also be seen on the 7 segment displays. another in the opposite direction. The system

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Sensors and push buttons are used as input. Seven includes Infrared Sensor pairs which are placed
segment display, buzzers and various types of LED

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near the elevator door. These sensors senses when a
(light emitting diodes) displays are used as output.
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the elevator and simultaneously increments the
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Introduction counter for the number of people entering the
Embedded Systems are widely used nowadays. elevator. The IR transmitter is used to transmit IR
Applications of the embedded system are rays straight to the receiver which receives the
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innumerable. One such application as discussed input and feeds this to an 8051 Microcontroller.
here is automatic elevator with overload alert. As The microcontroller process this input received. At
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the name implies, it restricts the elevator from this time the system also counts the number of
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transporting a number of people above the people present and increments a counter on each
maximum prescribed limit. arrival and decrements when a person exits from
the elevator. The system even includes a buzzer for
demonstrating an alarm. The buzzer starts ringing
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as soon as more number of people enters the

Block Diagram elevator than the limit of the elevator which is
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already set and the buzzer stops ringing only when

the people inside the elevator come outside the
elevator. This will cause the counter to be
decremented and the buzzer stops ringing as soon
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as the counter is less or equal to the limit of the

elevator set.
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simulation

Software Specifications

 Keil µVision IDE

 Programming Language: Embedded C

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 IR sensor is an electronic device which is used to

Hardware Specifications sense heat & objects. It works with the sensing of
IR radiations and variation in heat in its nearby. IR
 8051 series Microcontroller
sensors are classified into two types such as photo
IR sensor and thermal IR sensor.
 Stepper motor

 IR sensors

 LED

 7- Segment Displays

 Buzzer

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1.IR Sensor

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An IR sensor is an electronic device, that produces
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in order to detect some parts of the environs. An
infrared sensor can measure the heat of an object as
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well as detects the motion. These sensors are used

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to measure only IR radiation, rather than producing

it that is called as a passive infrared sensor.
Generally in the IR spectrum, all the surrounding IR Sensor Working
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objects generate different form of thermal

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 A thermal infrared sensor detects the

radiation.These kinds of radiations are not
change of heat from its nearby objects
observable to our eyes, that can be sensed by an IR
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sensor. The emitter of the sensor is infrared LED

 The photo IR sensor uses a photo diode to
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and the sensor is an IR photodiode which is

sensitive to infrared light of the same wavelength
as that produced by the infrared LED. When
infrared light drops on the photodiode, the
resistances and o/p voltages change in proportion to
the received magnitude of the infrared light.
What is Infrared Sensor?
sense IR radiations. In this article as an
infrared sensor a photo IR sensor is used
to build the circuit.
The applications of the infrared sensors involve
from domestic devices to industrial devices. These
sensors are used in object sensing, motion
detectors, obstacle avoidance robot, gas leakage

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 detection, smoke detection, measurement of
distance, robotics and many more.

2.seven segment display

A seven segment display is the most basic

electronic display device that can display digits
from 0-9. They find wide application in devices

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that display numeric information like digital clocks,

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radio, microwave ovens, electronic meters etc. The

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most common configuration has an array of

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eightLEDs arranged in a special pattern to display
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these digits. They are laid out as a squared-off
figure ‘8’. Every LED is assigned a name from 'a'
to 'h' and is identified by its name. Seven LEDs 'a'
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to 'g' are used to display the numerals while eighth

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LED 'h' is used to display the dot/decimal.

A seven segment is generally available in ten pin

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package. While eight pins correspond to the eight

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LEDs, the remaining two pins (at middle) are

common and internally shorted. These segments
come in two configurations, namely, Common
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cathode (CC) and Common anode (CA). In CC 3.bipolar stepper motor

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configuration, the negative terminals of all LEDs

are connected to the common pins. The common is
connected to ground and a particular LED glows
when its corresponding pin is given high. In CA
arrangement, the common pin is given a high logic
and the LED pins are given low to display a
number.
needs current which is around ten
times this value. A external driver IC
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A bipolar stepper motor has one winding per stator
phase. A two phase bipolar stepper motor will have
4 leads. In a bipolar stepper we don’t have a
common lead like in a uni-polar stepper motor.
Hence, there is no natural reversal
of current direction through the winding. A bipolar
stepper motor has easy wiring arrangement but its
operation is little complex. In order to drive a
bipolar stepper, we need a driver IC with an
internal H bridge circuit. This is because, in order
to reverse the polarity of stator poles, the current
needs to be reversed. This can only be done

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 through a H bridge. There are two other reasons to
use an H Bridge IC 1) The current draw of a
stepper motor is quite high. The micro-controller
pin can only provide up to 15 mA at maximum. The
stepper needs current which is around ten times this
value. A external driver IC is capable of handling
such high currents.

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