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【報告】1990 蘇惠美 溫度、光照度及鹽度對骨藻生長速率之影響
【報告】1990 蘇惠美 溫度、光照度及鹽度對骨藻生長速率之影響
溫度、光照度及鹽度對骨藻生長速率之影響 1
The gro wth of Skeletonema costatum used as the food organism for shrimp
was studied under contro lI ed conditions. ClonaI culture were m aintained in
an enriched seawater medium , and the effects of temperature , i lI uminance and
sa Ii nity , and the interaction of temperature- iII uminance and tempera ture 司 salinity
on the exp onentiaI ce lI division rates of the aIga were invest igated. The
results show that temperature , i lI uminance , sa Ii nity , temperatur e 司 i lI uminance
interaction and temperature-sa Ii nity interaction a lI significantly affected the
growth rate of the aIga. For the two cI ones of S. costαtum studied , the optimum
temperature range was 20~30oC, the optimum sa Ii nity range wa s 15~30 ppt ,
and the sat uration iII uminance was 5,000 Iux.
Key words: Skeletonema costαtum, Growth , Temρ erature, Illuminance, Salinity.
關鍵字:骨藻 ,生長,溫度 ,光照度,鹽度。
前 到k 言
之骨藻,研究其形態變異與大量培養的可行性;此外,亦有許多學者以分離自美國東岸的骨藻為對象
,探討營養鹽、光週期、光照度及溫度對其生長之影響,以及其葉綠素 α 、碳水化合物與蛋白質含量
之日夜變化 (Davis , 1976; Davis et al. , 1973; Eppley et al. , 1971; Hitchcock , 1980a , b;
Yoder, 1979) 。
國內亦有一些學者從事此方面之研究,並已有多篇報告發表,例如, Huang (1973) 簡述骨藻
分離及其大量培養法 Huang (1 983) 探討培養液之稀釋率對骨藻生長率之影響和矽藻細胞吸收、
有關環境因于對其生長影響之研究,目前則仍非常稀少。雖然世界各國對骨藻之研究很多,但由於各
地控制培養,以遍時提供足量之蝦苗餌料,確保種苗生產成功。
材料與方法
藻種
衍生而得者。然而 由於骨藻行二分裂怯生殖時,每次新形成之細胞壁均為內殼,經過一段時間之培養
後,藻絲會逐漸變細土耳此,每一階段實驗所周之藻種雖源自同一株,其寬度並不一定相同。
←一叫
10 μm
骨藻之培養
為 0.05 O. D. 左右。測定藻濃度所周之波長,乃以分光光度計測得藻之吸收光譜後,選定吸光度最
大時之彼長,再按藻類實驗手加 (Sorokin, 1973) 之方法加以確定者。
實驗中,藻類之培養均在實驗溫度下,於光週期為 12 小時亮與 12 小時暗之植物生長箱中,以
分批式培養法 (batch culture) 進行。實驗之始,首先將裝好培養彼之三角瓶置於測試溫度之植物
生長箱中半天或一天,使水溫達平衡後,接種適當之藻種,再靜置於測試條件下,不打氣,不更換培
生長實驗
1.溫度及光照 度組合效應:
於二座植物 生長箱內,裝置 20W 螢光燈 (cool white ftuorescent lamp) 1~6 支,並調
K=~~g2Q~仁I~g2g'_!):1
t 2 -t 1
計算其生長率。式中之 K 為每日之分裂速率 (divisonsjday) , O. D' 1 及 0.D' 2 分別為時間 t 1
及 t2 天時之藻濃度。
(2)統計分析
分別用單因子及二因子變方分析法檢定溫度、光照度及鹽度等因子,以及二因子交互作用對骨線
生長率影響之顯著性。若變方分析結果連顯著水準,再以多變距測試法 (Duncan's new multiple
range test) 比較各處理間之差異性。
結果
骨藻之生長曲線
ECOω
0.3
的.口
.o
0.1
2 4 6 8 10 12
Doys
Fig.2. Growth curves of S. costatum at 2SOC , 5001ux and photoperiod
12L: 12D in 30 ppt salinity medium.
骨藻立生長率
1.溫度與光照度 之影響:
X 30 .(
o 25 "c
〉、
o
\J
.ð. 20 .(
15.C
~
ul
C
O
也 0.5
>
口
Table 1. Mean growth rate (K, divisions per day) of S. costatum under
different combinations of temperature and Ii ght intensity in
30 ppt salinity medium at photoperiod 12L:12D. K= (l Og2
O. D. 2 -1og 2 O. D.1)! (t 2-tl); O. D. 1 and O. D' 2 denote the optical
density of algal cuIture at time t 1 and t 2 (day) , respectively
一一一- .__._---一一
Mean**
ean 0.250' 0.326 b 0 .490' 0.332 b
*.且, b, c, d and e denote the results of Duncan's new multiple range test; means in the same
column designated by different letters are signi 且 cantly different at pζ0.0 1.
料 Means in the row designated by different letters are significantly different at p::;;:O.OI
及1O,OOOlux 時為最佳。
骨藻之 O.D. 值達 0.1 時 ,其培養液 旱肉眼 可察之 淺咖啡色 , 藻絲則呈清晰可見之金黃色;鏡
(5,000 及1O,OOOlux) 下 ,只要經 2~3 天之培養, O.D. 值師可連 0.1 ;高溫、中光照度 (25 、
2. 溫度與鹽度之影響:
).0
x 30 0 C f" 20 0 C
o 25 0 C • 15 oC
〉、
σ
τ3
、、、
lf)
C
30.5
>
O 10 20 30 40
Sali.ni ty (0/ 00 )
Fig. 4. The growth rate of S. costatum at four temperature and four salinity
combinations under light intensity 5,000-8 ,000Iux and photoperiod
12L:12D.
Table 2. Mean growth rate (K, divisions per day) of S. costatum under
different combinations of temperature and salinity a t Iight
intensity 5,000~8, 000 Iux and photoperiod 12L:12D. K = (l Og2
O. D. 2-Iog 2 O. D .1 )/ (t2-t1); O. D' 1 and O. D' 2 denote the opticaI
density o f aIgaI cu lture at ti me t 1 a nd t 2 ( day) , respec tively
一一-一一一
Salinity Temperature ("C) *
(ppt) Mean*
15 20 25 30
0.047 b 0 .453 b
...--'
10 0.572' 0.618' 0.576'
20 0.309' 0.563' 0.745' 0.757'b 0.594'b
30 0.335' 0.677' 0.797' 0.803' 0.653'
40 0.323' 0.711' 0.787' 0.674 b' 0.624'
*: a , b , and c denote the resu 1ts of Duncan's new mu 1tiple range test; means in the same column
designated by different letters are significantly different at pζ0.0 1.
制 Means in the row designated by different letters are significantly different at pζ0.0 1.
15'C 培養者最低,至於其他溫度間則無顯著差異。
除在 15'C 之各鹽度及在各溫度之 10 ppt 鹽度中培養者未見增大袍子產生外,在其餘溫度與鹽
度組合條件下培養者,均可見增大袍子產生。當控制培養溫度於 15 C 時,會使能產生增大袍子之藻
0
o 7.5μm diam.
1'0~ • 23μm diam.
〉、
。
可3
、u、
c
,
。
且可 0.5
>
口
o 10 20 30 40 50
Solinity (%0)
Fig. 5. The growth rate of thick (23ρm diam.) and thin (7.5μm diam.) S. costatum
in 8 different salinity media at 25 C and light intensity 4,000~7,000 lux.
0
ppt 鹽度中培養者產生數目較多。以二因子變方分析法分析之結果,顯示骨藻之生長率在藻絲粗細間
(F=23 1.1; df=l , 16; ρ<0.001) 及鹽度間 (F=259.12; df=7 , 16;ρ<0.001) 有極顯著之差異;
表示藻絲粗細及 鹽度對骨藻之生長率有極顯著之影響;不過,鹽度之影響力較藻絲 粗細者為大。再以
O' Of
冒且,且勻,白?白令
0.530 b 0.739'
O. 760 b,
、uAUH3nUAUnu
0.560' b
0.62 5' b 0.845'
0.646' 0.800 , b,
3AU 守"、
0.579'b 0.812' b
0 .420' 0.579 d
0.330 d 0 .481'
M
*: a, b, c, d, e and f denote the results of Duncan's new multiple range test; means in the same
column designated by different letters are significantly different at p:::;:O.O J.
220 日. M. Su , C. H. Lei and 1. C. Li ao
討論
綜合本研究之結果,顯示臺灣產骨藻生長之溫度上、下限分別為 34 及 10 C ,而最適範圍為 20
0
0
,....,30 C; 其鹽度之 t 限高於 50p阱,下限為 7p阱,而最過範間為 15~30 ppt ;至於生長之飽和光
照度則為 5, 0001ux 。可知此藻屬廣溫及廣鹽性種,在本省一年四季均適合培聾。惟骨藻之種源保存
非常不易且麻煩,雖然 Matsue (1954) 認為自任一生理狀態(生長階段)移植接種後,其生長率均
不變,但攘筆者等及民間繁殖業者之經驗,接種時所周藻種之生理狀態,對其接種移植後之生長影響
至鉅。一皈而言,當藻絲出現一、二個空細胞,鏈長 15 ,...., 20 個細胞, O.D. 值達 0.1 左右時,迅速
加以接種移植,可得生長旺盛之培養;若再延遲一天左右(視溫度及光照度而定) ,則移植後之增殖
受抑制,藻絲星彎曲,且利於良好增殖之期間縮起;若時間再延遲,甚至無法接種成功。一次培養,
從接種、增殖至連 衰退死滅期之時間很趕 (5~30 天)因此,為維持生長力旺盛之培養,在鈞。 C ,
究,骨藻之平均下沉率為 0.3,...., 13.5 m/day ,最大可連 7.39 m/day' 最小為 0.15 m /day ,培養之
初,藻濃度較稀, 藻絲較長,浮游力較強,輕搖培養瓶,可維持藻絲於懸浮狀一天。 但隨著增殖量增
加,培養逐漸老化 ,藻絲漸變鈕,下沉率漸增,搖動使培養液均勻後,藻絲由懸浮至沉底之時間漸變
狸。容易況底之藻 絲難維持懸浮狀,較不易為蝦苗攝取,況底時,叉易產生腐敗物污 染水質,而使骨
藻作為餌料之效益大打折扣。因此,大量培養收穫骨藻時,除應注意溫度、鹽度及光 照度之選擇與控
制外,也應對該藻 之生理狀況多加 注意。
所得之結果相違背。
時連到頂點後隨溫度之繼續升高而遞降;在 25 C 之培養條件下,八代海藻株之最適生長鹽度為 26
0
本研究之結果顯示溫度、光照度、鹽度、藻絲粗細、溫度與光照度交互作用及溫度與鹽度交互作
用均對骨藻之生長有極顯著之影響。不過,光照度對骨藻增殖之影響大於溫度和鹽度之影響。於 15
尤其是在高溫培養時更宜注意。陰雨天時,為加速骨藻之增殖,則宜添加照明設備以提高光照度。
有些人總認為骨藻藻絲較粗者,無論培養或作為飼料之效果均較佳,事實上,從脂肪酸之組成來
謝辭
麗雲小姐協助實驗工作之進行,林麗蘭小姐、會金菊小姐、余故君小姐幫忙中、英文打字及圖表繪製
'吳美錚小姐修改丈稿,也在此一併誌謝。
參考文獻
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35: 365-520.
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<
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溫 度、光照度及鹽度對骨藻生長速率之影響
蘇惠美﹒雷淇祥﹒廖一久