PERSONALITY Combination of distinct

GNED02 week 4 qualities and character.

MORAL AGENT TRAITS

CHARACTER Mental and moral
MORAL VALUES AND CHARACTER
BUILDING PERSONALITY personal and physical

MORALS Principles and values based

on what a person or society believes are   CHARACTE PERSONALIT
the right, proper or acceptable ways of R Y
behaving.
DEFINITION
VALUES Moral principles and beliefs Learned Identity
that they think are important in life and behavior
that they tend to live their lives by such
values as guiding principles. NATURE Objective Subjective
CHARACTER
VS PERSONALITY
EXPRESSIO Traits of a Outer
 Meaning N person that appearance
 Representation are abstract. and behavior
of a person
 Traits
 Definition CHANGE Remains May change
 Nature Same overtime

 Expression
 Change
 Validation of Society VALIDATION Not Required
MEANING OF Required
SOCIETY
CHARACTER refers to a set of morals
and beliefs that defines how we treat or
behave with others and ourselves
SIX PILLARS OF CHARACTER
PERSONALITY refers to the range of
distinctive personal qualities and traits of 1. Trustworthiness
an individual.  A quality of all relationships
are created.
REPRESENTATION  being honest, dependable
CHARACTER Pertaining to the actual and being reliable to get
moral qualities of an individual things done right.
  Work with little supervision,
yet seek guidance as
needed;
 Refuse to lie, cheat,
deceive, manipulate,
exploit or take advantage
of others.
2. Respect
 a way of treating or
thinking about something
or someone;
 ‘do unto others as you
would have them do unto
you’
 Respect prohibits
violence, humiliation,
manipulation and
exploitation;
3. Responsibility
 the obligation of an
individual to perform the
duty or task assigned to
him;
 recognizing that our
actions matter and we
are morally on the hook
for the consequences
5. Caring
 the heart of ethics, and
ethical decision-making;
 Strive for harmonious,
mutually beneficial
relationships;
 Show kindness and
sensitivity to the feelings
of others;
 It creates deeper bonds
as individual’s lean on
each other for emotional
support
6. Citizenship
 the status of a person
recognized under the law
of a country of belonging
to thereof;
 membership to a
sovereign;

4. Fairness
 implies adherence to a
balanced standard of
justice without relevance to
one’s own feelings or
inclinations;
 treating people justly, not
letting your personal
feelings bias your
decisions about others;
 Consider all stakeholders
and the possible short-
and long-term
consequences of
decisions.
KHOLBERG’S THEORY IN
DEVELOPMENT

  EXPLANATION STAGE
LEVEL

1: Pre-  a child’s sense of morality 1: Obedience-

conventional is externally controlled; and-
 children accept and believe Punishment
the rules of authority Orientation
figures, such as parents 2: Instrumental
and teachers. Purpose and
Exchange
Orientation

2:  a child’s sense of morality 3: Good boy –

Conventional is tied to personal and Nice Girl
societal relationships; Orientation
 continue to accept the rules 4: Law-and-
of authority figures, but this Order
is now due to their belief Orientation
that this is necessary to
ensure positive
relationships and societal
order.

3: Post-  a person’s sense of 5: Social-

Conventional morality is defined in terms Contract
of more abstract principles Orientation
and values; 6: Universal-
 People now believe that Ethical-
some laws are unjust and Principle
should be changed or Orientation
eliminated.

STAGE 1 PRECONVENTIONAL
STAGE 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation:
 focuses on the child’s desire to obey rules and avoid being punished.
STAGE 2 PRECONVENTIONAL
STAGE 2: Instrumental Purpose and
Exchange Orientation
 “what’s in it for me?”
 People recognize that others also
have needs;
 right behavior is defined by
whatever the individual believes
to be in their best interest.
STAGE3 CONVENTIONAL LEVEL
STAGE 3: Good Boy Nice Girl
Orientation
 children want the approval of
others and act in ways to avoid
disapproval;
 Emphasis is placed on good
behavior and people being “nice”
to others.
STAGE 4 CONVENTIONAL LEVEL
STAGE 4: Law-and-Order Orientation
 Rules are seen as being the
same for everyone, and obeying
rules by doing what one is
“supposed” to do is seen as
valuable and important.
 blindly accepts rules and
convention because of their
importance in maintaining a
functioning society.
STAGE 5 POSTCONVENTIONAL
STAGE 5: Social-Contract Orientation
 world is viewed as holding
different opinions, rights, and
values;
 Individual becomes aware that
while rules/laws might exist for
the good of the greatest number,
there are times when they will
work against the interest of
particular individuals
STAGE 6 POSTCONVENTIONAL
STAGE 6: Universal-Ethical-Principle
Orientation
 People choose the ethical
principles they want to follow, and
if they violate those principles,
they feel guilty. 
WEEK 6
DILEMMA VS MORAL
DILEMMA
Dilemma- Refers to the situation in
which a tough choice has to be made
between two or more options, especially
more or less equally undesirable ones.
Moral dilemma
Ethical Dilemmas;
 Situations in which a difficult
choice has to be made between
two courses of action, either of
which entails a transgressing
moral principle.
Conflict: The decision-maker must
consider two or more moral values or
duties but can only honor one of them.
the individual will violate at least one
important moral concern, regardless of
the decision.
Example: MIDNIGHT DEATH
You have worked years to be successful
in your father’s business. You felt you
were obligated to take over as he
worked his whole life to build the
business left to him by his father.
However, the large businesses in town
have seriously cut into profits and for
several years you and your family have
just managed to scrape by. Your father’s
health has declined and he has been Structural- Involves Network of
hospitalized. He has a substantial life institutions that operates on a theoretical
insurance policy that expires at paradigm
midnight. If he dies before midnight, you
will inherit enough money to pursue a FRAMEWORK IN SOLVING ETHICAL
career you have always dreamed of and DILLEMA
provide adequately for your family. 
Will you… 1. Establish the facts surrounding
 Pinch the oxygen line making it the ethical dilemma
possible for your Dad to die or 2. Determine your legal obligations
smother him with a pillow? and duties
 Tell your Dad the problem and let 3. Establish the interested
him suggest a solution and go by participants involved
what he says? 4. Determine the ethical values of
each participant.
 Do nothing as you cannot 5. Consider normative ethical
imagine living with yourself if you theories as an aide to determine
terminate your Dad’s life? a course of action;
Example: The Life Boat 6. Consider options that would be
You are on a cruise and the ship ethically sound;
encounters an unexpected storm. The 7. Consideration of the possible
storm continues to rage and eventually negative and positive outcomes
you and the other passengers are told of each possible option.
you must head to the lifeboats and
abandon ship. As people begin to line
up, you realize some lines have fewer MORAL VS NON MORAL
people, some have families, and some STANDARDS
seem to have younger, single people. Moral- What are people believe to
You know you are strong and capable. be right or wrong;
Do you choose to help a group
Principles that guide individual
composed of three families with a few
conduct within a society.
young children, a group of seniors who
obviously could use your help, or go with Standard- an idea or thing used as a
the young, strong people, with whom measure, norm, or model in
you might have a better chance of comparative evaluations. (Oxford
survival? Dictionary)
Moral standards- Refers to the norms
LEVELS OF MORAL DILEMMA which we have about the types of
actions which we believe to be morally
Personal- Experienced on a personal acceptable and morally unacceptable
level
Organizational- Refers to cases Norms + Values = Moral Standard
encountered in social organizations Norms = General Rules
(Business, field and public sector) Values = Enduring Rules
 MORAL
Moral standards- Force others to act
accordingly; Normally promote the
good; What humans have to
do in terms of right and their obligation
Moral Standards- based on impartial
considerations; Associated with

STAN
special emotions and vocabulary.

Non-Moral Standards
 Refer to the rules that are
unrelated to moral or ethical
considerations;

DARDS
 Matters of taste or Preference

MORAL
MORAL VS
VS NON
NON MORAL
STAN STAN
DARDS DARD
MORAL
VS
NON
MORAL