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Biology Revision Notes Part5
Biology Revision Notes Part5
Biology Revision Notes Part5
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Edexcel IGCSE Revision notes Written by Tim Filtness
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Edexcel IGCSE Revision notes Written by Tim Filtness
Part Function
Petal Colourful part of the flower. Attracts insects in
insect-pollinated plants
Anther Male part of the plant. Makes pollen.
- Anthers are large and outside - Anthers are small and inside the
the flower flower
- Stigma is large and outside the - Stigma is small and inside the
flower flower
- Tiny colourless petals - Large colourful petals
- Pollen made in huge quantities - Has a nectary
- No nectary
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Edexcel IGCSE Revision notes Written by Tim Filtness
When pollination occurs, the pollen grows a pollen tube down the
stigma of the flower. The pollen tube carries the nucleus of the
pollen into the ovary, where it fuses with an ovule (fertilisation).
- Presence of water
- Presence of O2 (seed needs to respire)
- Correct temperature (recall enzymes work at optimum temp)
When a seed germinates the cells inside it start to grow rapidly and
form the new shoot and root. The seed contains a limited store of
carbohydrate and lipid, which it uses as a fuel for respiration to
provide the energy for growth. During this stage the seed must
produce leaves so it can begin to photosynthesize. The danger is
that the seed will run out of stored energy before it makes leaves.
If this happens it will die.
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Edexcel IGCSE Revision notes Written by Tim Filtness
Pregnancy:
When the egg and sperm fuse (fertilisation) the resulting zygote
begins to divide by mitosis (see next section) and becomes an
embryo. The embryo quickly develops a placenta, which brings the
mother’s blood supply very close to the foetus’ blood supply. The
two blood streams never mix (otherwise the mother’s white blood
cells would attack the foetus!), but they are close enough for
diffusion to occur
Reproductive Hormones:
Testosterone:
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Edexcel IGCSE Revision notes Written by Tim Filtness
Oestrogen:
NB.
Period
You only need to know Ovulation
Corpus luteum dies. about Oestrogen and
Egg is released into the
Progesterone levels fall Progesterone
fallopian tube, where it
Endometrium is no longer stands the best chance
maintained and it falls of being fertilised
away (this is a period)
Progesterone
Corpus Luteum
Maintains endometrium.
The empty follicle turns
Inhibits FSH release into a corpus luteum,
(don’t want an egg which starts to make
released as there is progesterone
already one waiting!)
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Edexcel IGCSE Revision notes Written by Tim Filtness
b) Inheritance
This topic, more than any other, confuses people. Learn these
thoroughly!
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Edexcel IGCSE Revision notes Written by Tim Filtness
Cell Division:
Mitosis Meiosis
1. Produces 2 daughter cells 1. Produces 4 gametes
2. Daughter cells are diploid (i.e. 2. Daughter cells are haploid (i.e.
only have 23 chromosomes) have 23 pairs of chromosomes)
Fertilisation
46 Diploid Zygote
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Edexcel IGCSE Revision notes Written by Tim Filtness
Inheritance:
A Genetic Diagram
♀ ♂
Parents’ Phenotype: Brown eyes Brown eyes
Parents’ Genotype: Bb Bb
Gametes: B b B b
F1 Genotype: B b
B BB Bb
b Bb bb
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