TRANSPORT AND ITS IMPORTANCE

Answers of the exercise questions.

Part A
A 1. First, transport options were minimal and therefore relatively expensive.
Second, only the wealthy had the opportunity to stop work for long enough to visit other places.
2. Steam engine (late 1600s/early 1700s), steam train (early 1800s), motor vehicle (late 1800s/ early
1900s), aeroplane (early 1900s), satellites (1950s), and manned spacecraft (early 1960s), Internet
(1980s although development can be traced back to 1960s).
3. Tourism, migration, and work

Part B
B 1 a) The intended destination, cost, urgency, and the length of time the goods can last without
deteriorating.
b) Either because they are required in a hurry or because they are perishable and would not last in
their ideal state if sent more slowly by sea.

Ship
Advantages cheaper because large volumes
can be sent at once, and fuel
costs are relatively low
Disadvantages takes longer and there are
limited places that ships can
travel from and to
Air
much faster delivery
relatively small volumes can be
carried at once; limited places
that aircraft can travel to and
from

2 a) Infrastructure: the system and services that enable a community/country to operate (e.g. roads,
ports, and airports)
b) Migration: the movement of people from one place to another
c) Freight: goods that are being transported
3. Transport has made travel faster and cheaper. It has facilitated the movement of people and goods
so that global trade and travel has increased manifold. With the development of the transport industry,
many jobs have been created.

Part C
C 1 a) • Ships provided the first global movement of goods.
• Large, fast aircraft have facilitated the faster movement of goods.
• Cargo ships with refrigerated compartments have enabled perishable goods to be transported farther
at a reasonable cost.
b) • Efficient, affordable transport means goods made in one country can be sold to countries all over
the globe, boosting economic activity in the country of origin.
 • Investment in transport infrastructure enables developing nations to trade goods more easily and
therefore raise the living standards of their populations.
• Towns and villages that previously lost young members of the community because they sought jobs
in cities can retain this vital resource because improved transport options make these places more
economically viable.
2 a) Hamburg, Germany: The three nearest seaports to Hamburg are Stade, Butzfleth, and Gluckstadt,
all in Germany.
b) Seattle, USA: The three nearest seaports to Seattle are Tacoma in the United States, and Victoria
and Cowichan Bay in Canada.
c) Los Angeles, USA: The three nearest seaports to Los Angeles are Long Beach, El Segundo, and
Huntington Beach, all in the United States.
d) Sydney, Australia: The three nearest seaports to Sydney are Botany Bay, Port Kembla, and
Newcastle, all in Australia.
e) Shanghai, China: The three nearest seaports to Shanghai are Jiading, Chongming, and Chuansha,
all in China.
3 a) • Create more than 700,000 jobs
• Boost economic growth of Pakistan
• Enable China to send goods to Europe, Africa, and the Americas much more quickly than is
currently possible
• Upgrade transport infrastructure within Pakistan
• Enable more goods to be exported from Pakistan to China

Part D
D 1. Making journeys faster, and more efficient; makes it easier and quicker to book the movement
of both people and goods. It facilitates quicker, cheaper, and more efficient movement of goods and
people, which boosts economic growth; it encourages relationships between countries that had
previously had little contact with each other; it exposes countries to new ideas that can prove more
innovative than ones they are currently implementing.
2 a) The Pakistan Post Office has details of the costs of sending parcels.
b) The Silk Road was a series of routes that ran through Asia to the Middle East, Africa, and into
Europe. Construction of the route started more than 2000 years ago. Silk was the main commodity
traded, but other goods included jade, textiles, art work, paper, and spices. Religious and
philosophical ideas also spread from culture to culture along the Silk Road.
3. DHL, TNT, and Pakistan Post Office offer quotes for parcel delivery. According to DHL the cost
should be between US$50–$60.

Part E

Dear students you have to do part E By yourself as these

are the conceptual questions.
4. The Indus Highway links Karachi and Peshawar. The Karakoram Highway links Hasan Abdal in
Pakistan with Kashgar in China.