- A figure, extent, or amount obtained by

measuring.
*when we are measuring, we are applying the
concept of measurement.
- the amount that we can obtain by measuring that - Measure weight by measuring the amount of
object is already considered as a measurement since force exerted on the load cell (nasa ibabaw
it is a process of measurement. ng weighing scale). The force exerted on the
load cell is converted so the converted value
- we need tools in measuring. is displayed.
- It is also use to measure the mass of an
- we won’t be able to measure certain objects
object.
without measurement tools.

- Sensitive instruments of surface hardened

steel/wood/rigid plastics provided with
scales of different degree of accuracy.
*make sure that the tools and models being measure
lies flat. - Use for marking and measuring the right
angles.

- A determinate quantity (as of length, time,

heat, or value) adopted as a standard of
measurement.

- Use for precise measurement for both

horizontal and vertical angles.
- Specialized telescope; It has scales.
- The scales are present for you to measure
the angles

- Use for measuring temperature, how hot or

cold an object is.

- Use to support theodolite

- You cannot use theodolite without this; it is
the partner of theodolite.
- Commonly use in surveying lands.

- Purpose is to determine the length of an

object; flexible ruler.
- A tape measure or measuring tape is a
flexible ruler used to measure size or
distance.
- Use for counting blood cells.
 For example, one newton (N) is equivalent to 1
kg*m/s^2. Thus a quantity may have several unit
designations, for example: the unit for surface
tension can be referred to as either N/m (newton per
metre) or kg/s^2 (kilogram per second squared).
Example: 1N=1kg*m/s^2
- Use to measure blood pressure levels.
*aneroid if there is a gauge.

 The earliest recorded systems of weights and

measures originate in the 3rd or 4th
millennium BC.

Unit Abbreviation Physical Quantity The idea of a universal measuring system didn’t
Base metre m Length exist. ; *countries that are developed during those
Unit ancient time uses their own measurement systems.
second s Time Countries near the nial(?) river: Egypt,
kilogram kg Mass Mesopotamia, and Indus Valley. Although in far
ampere A Electric Current place in the globe, we also have the incan or the
mayan people, perubian people.
kelvin K Thermodynamic
Temperature
candela cd Luminous
Intensity
mole mol Amount of – equivalent to the length at the tip of
Substance your elbow up to the tip of your middle finger. = 1
cubit
- Units are the standard of measurement. * no longer use since we observed some
discrepancies in measurements.
started from metre, second, and
kilogram. Then followed by ampere, kelvin, >the problem if we will keep using this is our
candela, and mole. measurement won’t be exact since our elbows have
different length from each other. It will be hard to
*physical quantities can be interchangeable. know whether the measurement have excess or it
*if somebody ask you to get the measurement of didn’t get close from the real value.
metre, second, kilogram, ampere, kelvin, candela,
and mole, you have to answer in m, kg, s, etc.

- Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures;

- only add like terms
- when a unit is divided by itself, the division yields
a unitless one.
- when two different units are multiplied or divided,
the result is a new unit, referred to by the
combination of the units. For instance, in SI, the
unit of speed is metres per second (m/s)
- a unit can be multiplied by itself, creating a unit
with an exponent (ex. m^2/s^2). Put simply, units
obey the laws of indices.
An intergovernmental treaty organization
created by a diplomatic treaty called the
meter convention in 1875.
- The international authority that ensures wide
dissemination of the SI
- Modifies the SI as necessary to reflect the
latest advances in science and technology.
- Established international system of units
(from the French Le Système
International d'Unités), universally
abbreviated SI in 1960.
*played a role in the development of our
measurements.
* has the authority on the SI.; without them, we
won’t have the SI units.
 - Is the analysis of the relationships between
different physical quantities by identifying
their base quantities (ex. length, mass, time)
and units of measure (ex. miles vs.
kilometers, or pounds vs. kilograms) and
tracking these dimensions as calculations or
comparisons are performed.
*a very important concept especially when
converting one unit to a desire unit.
*use for calculations and comparison.
*use when converting unit to a desired unit.

Dimensional Analysis
Try This!

Solution:

- Is the way that scientists easily handle very
large numbers or very small number.
The exponent of 10 is the number of places the
decimal point must be shifted to give the number in
long form.
A exponent shows that the decimal
point is shifted the number of places to the right. –
Right to Left.
A exponent shows that the decimal
point is shifted the number of places to the left. Left
to Right.
We make use of those exponential form of
this number to handle large numbers.
The digit term indicates the number of significant
figures in the number. The exponential term only
places the decimal point.
:
- is defined as ‘the degree to which
the result of a measurement conforms to the
correct value or a standard’ and essentially
refers to how close a measurement is to its
agreed value.
- is defined as the ‘quality of being
exact’ and refers to how close two or more
measurements are to each other, regardless
of whether those measurements are accurate
or not. It is possible for precision
measurements to not be accurate.
*Precision is the closeness of the measurement to
each other regardless of how far it is to the true
value.
*In a set of measurements, accuracy is closeness of
the measurements to a specific value, while
precision is the closeness of the measurements to
each other.
*precision reflects how reproducible measurements
are, even if they are far from the accepted value.
You can perform several trials yet you will not be
able to get the accurate measurement.
Both accuracy and precision reflect how
close a measurement is to an actual value, but they
are not the same. Accuracy reflects how close a
measurement is to a known or accepted value, while
precision reflects how reproducible measurements
are, even if they are far from the accepted value.
Measurements that are both precise and accurate are
repeatable and very close to true values.
Are usually caused by measuring
instruments that are incorrectly caliberated or are
used incorrectly. However, they can creep into your
experiment from many sources.
Ex. using worn out instruments
*we can have a precise measurement but not
accurate.; happens when you don’t have knowledge
in using the instrument.
– a type of systematic error where the
instrument isn’t set to zero when you start to weigh
items.
– these are errors that are proportional to the
true measurement. For example, a measuring tape
stretch to 101% of its original size will constantly
give results that are 101% of the true value.
- Make sure your equipment are in good form
to avoid.
- Are (like the name suggest) completely
random. They are unpredictable and cant be
replicated by repeating the experiment
again.
Ex. Blood Pressure, Electronic Circuit, Internet
Connection, etc.
O is a useful procedure in solving
problems in Physics. Dimensions are treated as algebraic
quantities where quantities can be added or subtracted only
if they have the same dimensions.

o The of a measurement is its closeness to the

true value or the actual value of the quantity while
precision is how close the various measured values to each
other.

o are always characterized by uncertainty. It

can be assumed that all measurements include the
possibility of “errors”.

o are repetitive errors in nature and are

of constant and similar form and usually caused by errors in
experimental apparatus or flawed experimental design.
These errors can be eliminated by using proper technique,
calibrating equipment, and employing standards.

o occur because of random and inherently

unpredictable events in the measurement process. These
errors cannot be eliminated but can be reduced by
conducting repeated trials.

o are numbers and combine according

to the usual rules of arithmetic. Vector quantities have
direction as well as magnitude and combine according to
the rules of vector addition. The negative of the vector has
the same magnitude but points in the opposite direction.

o oriented at right angles to one another can be

added using the Pythagorean theorem, VR = √A^2 + B^2

o can be added by using the

Component Method. The resultant vector has magnitude
and the corresponding direction angle