Term Report American International University-Bangladesh Principles of Management Section: D

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TERM REPORT
American International University-Bangladesh
Principles of Management
Section: D
Submitted to:
TAMANNA NAZNEEN RAHMAN
LECTURER MANEGMENT,AIUB
Hair smoothing treatments: Perceptions and wrong practices among females
SUBMITED BY
Paul, Shanto, Chandra
Emails: shantopaul2feb@gmail.com
Phone number: 01629631265

1.In the past 10 years, Brazilian keratin treatments (BKTs) have taken the Saudi cosmetic industry by
storm, as women aspire to achieve that smooth, shiny, frizz-free, and “healthy” hair. BKT is known by
many names such as albumine hair straightening, acetic acid treatment, hair Botox, and many others. The
first home-made hair smoothing formulations contained keratin and toxic amounts of formaldehyde
(37%); the health vigilance organizations in Brazil (ANVISA) prohibit cosmetic hair products containing
>0.2% of formaldehyde concentration. Subsequently, formaldehyde in the preparations was replaced by
neurotoxic, mutagenic glutaraldehyde.
(This study shows the lack of industrial supervision and consumers' protection and the need for strict
monitoring regimens in stores and beauty salons.)
(Available from: http://www.jddsjournal.org/article.asp?issn=2352-
2410;year=2019;volume=23;issue=1;spage=20;epage=23;aulast=Algarni
SFDA Warns of Using 4 Keratin Hair Straightener Products, as they contain high percentage of
Formaldehyde; 2016. Available from: https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/drug/news/pages/drug22-11-
2016a1.aspx. [Last accessed on 2017 Oct 06].Weathersby C, McMichael A. Brazilian keratin hair
treatment: A review. J Cosmet Dermatol 2013;12:144-8.
Formaldehyde; 2002. Available from: http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/cicad/en/cicad40.pdf?ua=1.
[Last accessed on 2017 Oct 05].
Facts about Formaldehyde | US EPA. Available from:
https://www.epa.gov/formaldehyde/facts-about-formaldehyde#whatare. [Last accessed on
2017 Oct 06]. Back to cited text no. Hair Smoothing Products and Formaldehyde; 2010.
Available from: http://www.osha.oregon.gov/OSHAPubs/hazard/2993-26.pdf. [Last
accessed on 2017 Oct 04]. )
2 .Regardless, the product was widely sold and used in Brazilian salons, carrying a false ANVISA
registration number. In a 2013 cross-sectional study on formaldehyde levels in Brazilian keratin
straightening treatments, six out of the seven tested products had a formaldehyde level ranging from
0.96% to 1.4%; 5 of these products were labeled “formaldehyde-free.] More recently, in 2016, the Saudi
Food and Drug Authority published a warning article on four products found in local markets containing
high levels of formaldehyde, exceeding the permissible percentages.
3.There are many keratin hair treatments products currently in the market, all having the same
mechanism. The hair is blown-dry to break the hydrogen bonds of the hair keratin, allowing hydrolyzed
keratin to penetrate the hair and crosslink with the natural hair keratin. Facilitated by a crosslinking agent
formaldehyde, it derivative formalin or methylene and flat iron.
4. Surprisingly, the study reports that 30.2% of women were able to buy the smoothing product from
beauty stores and pharmacies and apply it at home either by themselves of someone else, exposing them
to greater risks such as respiratory tract irritation. Furthermore, future studies should be applied in
assessing the public's misconceptions and practices, along with campaigns and social media efforts to
raise the overall knowledge of the general public.

Mechanism of hair straightening.

1.Temporary hair straightening is typically characterized by a ready reversion of the hair fiber to its
original curliness after even one washing. A criterion that we used in this study to determine the
permanency of hair straightening was how well the hair fiber remained in a straight configuration after
the fiber was immersed in water (at room temperature) for five minutes and dried. The degree of hair
straightness was determined visually: the hair fiber was considered straight when there was no evidence
of curliness.
(Available from :
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237117698_Mechanism_of_hair_straightening
j. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 45, 347-352 (November/December 1994)
MICHAEL WONG, GABRIELA WIS-SUREL and JOSEPH EPPS, Clairol Inc,,
2 Blachley Road, Stamford, CT 06922. Received November 22, 1993. Presented at the
Annual Meeting of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists, New York, December 1993. )
2.Another unique aspect of hair straightening is the spontaneous uncoiling of the hair fiber. Placed in a
solution of appropriate reagent, a curly hair will uncoil itself without the help of an external force. This
phenomenon can be demonstrated by the following experiment: A curly hair fiber is immersed in a 1 N
sodium hydroxide solution. The curvature of the hair is observed and can be seen to increase slowly, and
in about 10 to 15 minutes, the hair fiber becomes practically straight. In other words, unlike hair waving,
hair straightening can be achieved without the application of an external force to strain the hair fiber.
(Available from :
3. This phenomenon provides enough stress to straighten the fiber permanently. At the molecular level,
fiber super contraction is the result of changes in the secondary structure, due to the transition of α to β
phase. It is believed that the irreversible molecular conformational changes due to super contraction leads
to permanent hair straightening. Commonly employed by individuals whose hair can be characterized as
very tightly curled (e.g., African-type hair) or frizzy, hair straightening formulations (chemical relaxers)
rely on the activity of strongly basic formulations that result in chemical and morphological changes in
the hair shaft.
(Available from :
4. Traditionally, NaOH-based (lye) relaxers were used to carry out such a task, resulting in a great deal of
damage to the fiber including: disfulfill de bond cleavage, formation of lanthionine cross-links,
super contraction of the fiber, protein conformational changes (e.g., denaturation of the alpha-helical
structure), and an increase in mechanical combing forces.
(Available from :

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