CHAPTER 13—EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. In an analysis of variance problem if SST = 120 and SSTR = 80, then SSE is
a. 200
b. 40
c. 80
d. 120
ANS: B PTS: 1

2. In the analysis of variance procedure (ANOVA), factor refers to

a. the dependent variable
b. the independent variable
c. different levels of a treatment
d. the critical value of F
ANS: B PTS: 1

3. In an analysis of variance problem involving 3 treatments and 10 observations per treatment, SSE =
399.6. The MSE for this situation is
a. 133.2
b. 13.32
c. 14.8
d. 30.0
ANS: C PTS: 1

4. When an analysis of variance is performed on samples drawn from k populations, the mean square
between treatments (MSTR) is
a. SSTR/nT
b. SSTR/(nT - 1)
c. SSTR/k
d. SSTR/(k - 1)
e. None of these alternatives is correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1

5. In an analysis of variance where the total sample size for the experiment is nT and the number of
populations is k, the mean square within treatments is
a. SSE/(nT - k)
b. SSTR/(nT - k)
c. SSE/(k - 1)
d. SSE/k
ANS: A PTS: 1

6. The F ratio in a completely randomized ANOVA is the ratio of

a. MSTR/MSE
b. MST/MSE
c. MSE/MSTR
d. MSE/MST
 ANS: A PTS: 1

7. The critical F value with 6 numerator and 60 denominator degrees of freedom at  = .05 is
a. 3.74
b. 2.25
c. 2.37
d. 1.96
ANS: B PTS: 1

8. The ANOVA procedure is a statistical approach for determining whether or not

a. the means of two samples are equal
b. the means of two or more samples are equal
c. the means of more than two samples are equal
d. the means of two or more populations are equal
ANS: D PTS: 1

9. The variable of interest in an ANOVA procedure is called

a. a partition
b. a treatment
c. either a partition or a treatment
d. a factor
ANS: D PTS: 1

10. An ANOVA procedure is applied to data obtained from 6 samples where each sample contains 20
observations. The degrees of freedom for the critical value of F are
a. 6 numerator and 20 denominator degrees of freedom
b. 5 numerator and 20 denominator degrees of freedom
c. 5 numerator and 114 denominator degrees of freedom
d. 6 numerator and 20 denominator degrees of freedom
ANS: C PTS: 1

11. In the ANOVA, treatment refers to

a. experimental units
b. different levels of a factor
c. a factor
d. applying antibiotic to a wound
ANS: B PTS: 1

12. The mean square is the sum of squares divided by

a. the total number of observations
b. its corresponding degrees of freedom
c. its corresponding degrees of freedom minus one
d. None of these alternatives is correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1

13. In factorial designs, the response produced when the treatments of one factor interact with the
treatments of another in influencing the response variable is known as
a. main effect
b. replication
c. interaction
 d. None of these alternatives is correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1

14. An experimental design where the experimental units are randomly assigned to the treatments is
known as
a. factor block design
b. random factor design
c. completely randomized design
d. None of these alternatives is correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1

15. The number of times each experimental condition is observed in a factorial design is known as
a. partition
b. replication
c. experimental condition
d. factor
ANS: B PTS: 1

Exhibit 13-1

SSTR = 6,750 H0: 1=2=3=4

SSE = 8,000 Ha: at least one mean is different
nT = 20

16. Refer to Exhibit 13-1. The mean square between treatments (MSTR) equals
a. 400
b. 500
c. 1,687.5
d. 2,250
ANS: D PTS: 1

17. Refer to Exhibit 13-1. The mean square within treatments (MSE) equals
a. 400
b. 500
c. 1,687.5
d. 2,250
ANS: B PTS: 1

18. Refer to Exhibit 13-1. The test statistic to test the null hypothesis equals
a. 0.22
b. 0.84
c. 4.22
d. 4.5
ANS: D PTS: 1

19. Refer to Exhibit 13-1. The null hypothesis is to be tested at the 5% level of significance. The critical
value from the table is
a. 2.87
b. 3.24
c. 4.08
 d. 8.7
ANS: B PTS: 1

20. Refer to Exhibit 13-1. The null hypothesis

a. should be rejected
b. should not be rejected
c. was designed incorrectly
d. None of these alternatives is correct.
ANS: A PTS: 1

Exhibit 13-2

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Between Treatments 2,073.6 4
Between Blocks 6,000.0 5 1,200
Error 20 288
Total 29

21. Refer to Exhibit 13-2. The null hypothesis for this ANOVA problem is
a. 1=2=3=4
b. 1=2=3=4=5
c. 1=2=3=4=5=6
d. 1=2= ... =20
ANS: B PTS: 1

22. Refer to Exhibit 13-2. The mean square between treatments equals
a. 288
b. 518.4
c. 1,200
d. 8,294.4
ANS: B PTS: 1

23. Refer to Exhibit 13-2. The sum of squares due to error equals
a. 14.4
b. 2,073.6
c. 5,760
d. 6,000
ANS: C PTS: 1

24. Refer to Exhibit 13-2. The test statistic to test the null hypothesis equals
a. 0.432
b. 1.8
c. 4.17
d. 28.8
ANS: B PTS: 1

25. Refer to Exhibit 13-2. The null hypothesis is to be tested at the 5% level of significance. The critical
value from the table is
 a. 2.71
b. 2.87
c. 5.19
d. 5.8
ANS: B PTS: 1

26. Refer to Exhibit 13-2. The null hypothesis

a. should be rejected
b. should not be rejected
c. should be revised
d. None of these alternatives is correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1

Exhibit 13-3
To test whether or not there is a difference between treatments A, B, and C, a sample of 12
observations has been randomly assigned to the 3 treatments. You are given the results below.

Treatment Observation
A 20 30 25 33
B 22 26 20 28
C 40 30 28 22

27. Refer to Exhibit 13-3. The null hypothesis for this ANOVA problem is
a. 1=2
b. 1=2=3
c. 1=2=3=4
d. 1=2= ... =12
ANS: B PTS: 1

28. Refer to Exhibit 13-3. The mean square between treatments (MSTR) equals
a. 1.872
b. 5.86
c. 34
d. 36
ANS: D PTS: 1

29. Refer to Exhibit 13-3. The mean square within treatments (MSE) equals
a. 1.872
b. 5.86
c. 34
d. 36
ANS: C PTS: 1

30. Refer to Exhibit 13-3. The test statistic to test the null hypothesis equals
a. 0.944
b. 1.059
c. 3.13
d. 19.231
ANS: B PTS: 1
31. Refer to Exhibit 13-3. The null hypothesis is to be tested at the 1% level of significance. The critical
value from the table is
a. 4.26
b. 8.02
c. 16.69
d. 99.39
ANS: B PTS: 1

32. Refer to Exhibit 13-3. The null hypothesis

a. should be rejected
b. should not be rejected
c. should be revised
d. None of these alternatives is correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1

33. The required condition for using an ANOVA procedure on data from several populations is that the
a. the selected samples are dependent on each other
b. sampled populations are all uniform
c. sampled populations have equal variances
d. sampled populations have equal means
ANS: C PTS: 1

34. An ANOVA procedure is used for data that was obtained from four sample groups each comprised of
five observations. The degrees of freedom for the critical value of F are
a. 3 and 20
b. 3 and 16
c. 4 and 17
d. 3 and 19
ANS: B PTS: 1

35. In ANOVA, which of the following is not affected by whether or not the population means are equal?
a.
b. between-samples estimate of 2
c. within-samples estimate of 2
d. None of these alternatives is correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1

36. A term that means the same as the term "variable" in an ANOVA procedure is
a. factor
b. treatment
c. replication
d. variance within
ANS: A PTS: 1

37. In order to determine whether or not the means of two populations are equal,
a. a t test must be performed
b. an analysis of variance must be performed
c. either a t test or an analysis of variance can be performed
d. a chi-square test must be performed
 ANS: C PTS: 1

38. The process of allocating the total sum of squares and degrees of freedom is called
a. factoring
b. blocking
c. replicating
d. partitioning
ANS: D PTS: 1

39. An experimental design that permits statistical conclusions about two or more factors is a
a. randomized block design
b. factorial design
c. completely randomized design
d. randomized design
ANS: B PTS: 1

40. In a completely randomized design involving three treatments, the following information is provided:

Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Treatment 3

Sample Size 5 10 5
Sample Mean 4 8 9

The overall mean for all the treatments is

a. 7.00
b. 6.67
c. 7.25
d. 4.89
ANS: C PTS: 1

Exhibit 13-4
In a completely randomized experimental design involving five treatments, thirteen observations were
recorded for each of the five treatments. The following information is provided.

SSTR = 200 (Sum Square Between Treatments)

SST = 800 (Total Sum Square)

41. Refer to Exhibit 13-4. The sum of squares within treatments (SSE) is
a. 1,000
b. 600
c. 200
d. 1,600
ANS: B PTS: 1

42. Refer to Exhibit 13-4. The number of degrees of freedom corresponding to between treatments is
a. 60
b. 59
c. 5
d. 4
ANS: D PTS: 1
43. Refer to Exhibit 13-4. The number of degrees of freedom corresponding to within treatments is
a. 60
b. 59
c. 5
d. 4
ANS: A PTS: 1

44. Refer to Exhibit 13-4. The mean square between treatments (MSTR) is
a. 3.34
b. 10.00
c. 50.00
d. 12.00
ANS: C PTS: 1

45. Refer to Exhibit 13-4. The mean square within treatments (MSE) is
a. 50
b. 10
c. 200
d. 600
ANS: B PTS: 1

46. Refer to Exhibit 13-4. If at a 5% level of significance we want to determine whether or not the means
of the five populations are equal, the critical value of F is
a. 2.53
b. 19.48
c. 4.98
d. 39.48
ANS: A PTS: 1

47. Refer to Exhibit 13-4. The conclusion of the test is that the five means
a. are equal
b. may be equal
c. are not equal
d. None of these alternatives is correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1

Exhibit 13-5
Part of an ANOVA table is shown below.

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Between Treatments 180 3
Within Treatments (Error)
Total 480 18

48. Refer to Exhibit 13-5. The mean square between treatments (MSTR) is
a. 20
b. 60
c. 300
d. 15
 ANS: B PTS: 1

49. Refer to Exhibit 13-5. The mean square within treatments (MSE) is
a. 60
b. 15
c. 300
d. 20
ANS: D PTS: 1

50. Refer to Exhibit 13-5. If at a 5% level of significance, we want to determine whether or not the means
of the populations are equal, the critical value of F is
a. 2.53
b. 19.48
c. 3.29
d. 5.86
ANS: C PTS: 1

51. Refer to Exhibit 13-5. The conclusion of the test is that the means
a. are equal to fifty
b. may be equal
c. are not equal
d. None of these alternatives is correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1

Exhibit 13-6
Part of an ANOVA table is shown below.

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Between Treatments 64 8
Within Treatments (Error) 2
Total 100

52. Refer to Exhibit 13-6. The number of degrees of freedom corresponding to between treatments is
a. 18
b. 2
c. 4
d. 3
ANS: C PTS: 1

53. Refer to Exhibit 13-6. The number of degrees of freedom corresponding to within treatments is
a. 22
b. 4
c. 5
d. 18
ANS: D PTS: 1

54. Refer to Exhibit 13-6. The mean square between treatments (MSTR) is
a. 36
b. 16
 c. 64
d. 15
ANS: B PTS: 1

55. Refer to Exhibit 13-6. If at a 5% significance level we want to determine whether or not the means of
the populations are equal, the critical value of F is
a. 5.80
b. 2.93
c. 3.16
d. 2.90
ANS: B PTS: 1

56. Refer to Exhibit 13-6. The conclusion of the test is that the means
a. are equal
b. may be equal
c. are not equal
d. None of these alternatives is correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1

Exhibit 13-7
The following is part of an ANOVA table, which was the results of three treatments and a total of 15
observations.

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Between Treatments 64
Within Treatments (Error) 96
Total

57. Refer to Exhibit 13-7. The number of degrees of freedom corresponding to between treatments is
a. 12
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
ANS: B PTS: 1

58. Refer to Exhibit 13-7. The number of degrees of freedom corresponding to within treatments is
a. 12
b. 2
c. 3
d. 15
ANS: A PTS: 1

59. Refer to Exhibit 13-7. The mean square between treatments (MSTR) is
a. 36
b. 16
c. 8
d. 32
ANS: D PTS: 1
60. Refer to Exhibit 13-7. If at a 5% level of significance, we want to determine whether or not the means
of the populations are equal, the critical value of F is
a. 4.75
b. 19.41
c. 3.16
d. 1.96
ANS: A PTS: 1

61. Refer to Exhibit 13-7. The computed test statistics is

a. 32
b. 8
c. 0.667
d. 4
ANS: D PTS: 1

62. Refer to Exhibit 13-7. The conclusion of the test is that the means
a. are equal
b. may be equal
c. are not equal
d. None of these alternatives is correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1

63. In a completely randomized design involving four treatments, the following information is provided.

Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Treatment 3 Treatment 4

Sample Size 50 18 15 17
Sample Mean 32 38 42 48

The overall mean (the grand mean) for all treatments is

a. 40.0
b. 37.3
c. 48.0
d. 37.0
e. None of these alternatives is correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1

64. An ANOVA procedure is used for data obtained from five populations. five samples, each comprised
of 20 observations, were taken from the five populations. The numerator and denominator
(respectively) degrees of freedom for the critical value of F are
a. 5 and 20
b. 4 and 20
c. 4 and 99
d. 4 and 95
ANS: D PTS: 1

65. The critical F value with 8 numerator and 29 denominator degrees of freedom at  = 0.01 is
a. 2.28
b. 3.20
c. 3.33
d. 3.64
 ANS: B PTS: 1

66. An ANOVA procedure is used for data obtained from four populations. Four samples, each comprised
of 30 observations, were taken from the four populations. The numerator and denominator
(respectively) degrees of freedom for the critical value of F are
a. 3 and 30
b. 4 and 30
c. 3 and 119
d. 3 and 116
ANS: D PTS: 1

67. Which of the following is not a required assumption for the analysis of variance?
a. The random variable of interest for each population has a normal probability distribution.
b. The variance associated with the random variable must be the same for each population.
c. At least 2 populations are under consideration.
d. Populations have equal means.
ANS: D PTS: 1
2
68. In an analysis of variance, one estimate of is based upon the differences between the treatment
means and the
a. means of each sample
b. overall sample mean
c. sum of observations
d. populations have equal means
ANS: B PTS: 1

69. In testing for the equality of k population means, the number of treatments is
a. k
b. k - 1
c. nT
d. nT - k
ANS: A PTS: 1

70. If we are testing for the equality of 3 population means, we should use the
a. test statistic F
b. test statistic t
c. test statistic z
d. test statistic 2
ANS: A PTS: 1

PROBLEM

1. Information regarding the ACT scores of samples of students in three different majors are given
below.

Student's Major
Management Finance Accounting
28 22 29
26 23 27
25 24 26
 27 22 28
21 24 25
19 26 26
27 27 28
17 29 20
17 28 20
23 24
28
28
29
Sums 230 225 338
Means 23 25 26
Variances 18 6.75 9.33

a. Set up the ANOVA table for this problem.

b. At a 5% level of significance, test to determine whether there is a significant difference in the
means of the three populations.

ANS:
a.

ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F F critical
Between Treatments 51.468 2 25.73 2.27 3.3276
Error 328.000 29 11.31
Total 379.468 31

b. Since the test statistic F = 2.27 < 3.3276 do not reject Ho, cannot conclude that there is a
significant difference in the means of the three populations

PTS: 1

2. Information regarding the ACT scores of samples of students in four different majors are given below.

Student's Major
Management Marketing Finance Accounting
29 22 29 28
27 22 27 26
21 25 27 25
28 26 28 20
22 27 24 21
28 20 20 19
28 23 20 27
23 25 30 24
28 27 29 21
24 28 23
29 27
31 27
24
Sum 318 245 234 312
Mean 26.50 24.50 26.00 24.00
Variance 10.09 6.94 14.50 9.00
 a. Set up the ANOVA table for this problem.
b. At a 5% level of significance, test to determine whether there is a significant difference in the
means of the four populations.

ANS:
a.

ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F F critical
Between Treatments 49.659 3 16.553 1.6657 2.8387
Error 397.500 40 9.937
Total 447.159 43

b. Since the test statistic F = 1.6657 < 2.8387 do not reject Ho, cannot conclude that there is a
difference in the means of the four populations

PTS: 1

3. Guitars R. US has three stores located in three different areas. Random samples of the sales of the
three stores (in $1000) are shown below:

Store 1 Store 2 Store 3

80 85 79
80 86
85
76
81
88
89
80

At a 5% level of significance, test to see if there is a significant difference in the average sales of the
three stores. (Please note that the sample sizes are not equal.)

ANS:

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Between Treatments 36 2 18 0.853
Within Treatments (Error) 190 9 21.11
Total 226 11

Since the test statistic F = 0.853 < 4.26 do not reject Ho, cannot conclude that there is a significant
difference in the average sales of the three stores

PTS: 1

4. In a completely randomized experimental design, 18 experimental units were used for the first
treatment, 10 experimental units for the second treatment, and 15 experimental units for the third
treatment. Part of the ANOVA table for this experiment is shown below.

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
 Between Treatments _____? _____? _____? 3.0
Within Treatments (Error) _____? _____? 6
Total _____? _____?

a. Fill in all the blanks in the above ANOVA table.

b. At a 5% level of significance, test to see if there is a significant difference among the means.

ANS:
a.

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Between Treatments 36 2 18 3.0
Within Treatments (Error) 240 40 6
Total 276 42

b. Since the test statistic F = 3 < 3.23 do not reject Ho, and conclude there is not a significant
difference among the means.

PTS: 1

5. Random samples were selected from three populations. The data obtained are shown below.

Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Treatment 3

37 43 28
33 39 32
36 35 33
38 38
40

At a 5% level of significance, test to see if there is a significant difference in the means of the three
populations. (Please note that the sample sizes are not equal.)

ANS:
Since the test statistic F = 8.708 > 4.24 reject Ho and conclude at least one mean is different from
others.

PTS: 1

6. In a completely randomized experimental design, 7 experimental units were used for the first
treatment, 9 experimental units for the second treatment, and 14 experimental units for the third
treatment. Part of the ANOVA table for this experiment is shown below.

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Between Treatments _____? _____? _____? 4.5
Within Treatments (Error) _____? _____? 4
Total _____? _____?

a. Fill in all the blanks in the above ANOVA table.

b. At a 5% level of significance, test to see if there is a significant difference among the means.

ANS:
 a.

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Between Treatments 36 2 18 4.5
Within Treatments (Error) 108 27 4
Total 144 29

b. Since the test statistic F = 3.26 < 3.89 do not reject Ho. We cannot conclude there is a
significant difference among the means.

PTS: 1

7. Random samples were selected from three populations. The data obtained are shown below.

Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Treatment 3

45 30 39
41 34 35
37 35 38
40 40
42

At a 5% level of significance, test to see if there is a significant difference in the means of the three
populations. (Please note that the sample sizes are not equal.)

ANS:
Since the test statistic F = 8.71 > 4.26 reject Ho and conclude at least one mean is different from
others.

PTS: 1

8. The manager of Young Corporation wants to determine whether or not the type of work schedule for
her employees has any effect on their productivity. She has selected 15 production employees at
random and then randomly assigned 5 employees to each of the 3 proposed work schedules. The
following table shows the units of production (per week) under each of the work schedules.

Work Schedule (Treatments)

Work Schedule 1 Work Schedule 2 Work Schedule 3
50 60 70
60 65 75
70 66 55
40 54 40
45 57 55

At a 5% level of significance determine if there is a significant difference in the mean weekly units of
production for the three types of work schedules.

ANS:

SSTR = 154.53 MSTR = 77.27

SSE = 1,455.20 MSE = 121.27
 F = 0.64 < 3.89; Do not reject H0, cannot conclude that there is a significant difference in the mean
weekly units of production for the three types of work schedules

PTS: 1

9. Six observations were selected from each of three populations. The data obtained is shown below:

Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3

31 37 37
28 32 31
34 34 32
32 24 39
26 32 30
29 33 35

Test at  = 0.05 level to determine if there is a significant difference in the means of the three
populations.

ANS:

SSTR = 48 MSTR = 24
SSE = 200 MSE = 13.33

F = 1.80 < 3.89; Do not reject H0, cannot conclude that there is a significant difference in the means of
the three populations

PTS: 1

10. The test scores for selected samples of sociology students who took the course from three different
instructors are shown below.

Instructor A Instructor B Instructor C

83 90 85
60 55 90
80 84 90
85 91 95
71 85 80

At  = 0.05, test to see if there is a significant difference among the averages of the three groups.

ANS:
SSTR = 374.8 MSTR = 187.4
SSE = 1,438.8 MSE = 119.9
F = 1.56 < 3.89; Do not reject H0, cannot conclude that there is a significant difference among the
averages of the three groups

PTS: 1

11. Three universities administer the same comprehensive examination to the recipients of MS degrees in
psychology. From each institution, a random sample of MS recipients was selected, and these
recipients were then given the exam. The following table shows the scores of the students from each
university.
 University A University B University C
89 60 81
95 95 70
75 89 90
92 80 78
99 66
77

At  = 0.01, test to see if there is any significant difference in the average scores of the students from
the three universities. (Note that the sample sizes are not equal.)

ANS:
SSTR = 471.6 MSTR = 235.8
SSE = 1,394.0 MSE = 116.17
F = 2.03 < 3.89; Do not reject H0, cannot conclude that there is any significant difference in the
average scores of the students from the three universities

PTS: 1

12. In a completely randomized experimental design, 11 experimental units were used for each of the 3
treatments. Part of the ANOVA table is shown below.

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Between Treatments 1,500 _____? _____? _____?
Within Treatments (Error) _____? _____? _____?
Total 6,000 _____?

a. Fill in the blanks in the above ANOVA table.

b. At a 5% level of significance, test to determine whether or not the means of the 3 populations
are equal.

ANS:
a.

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Between Treatments 1,500 2 750 5.00
Within Treatments (Error) 4,500 30 150
Total 6,000 32

b. F = 5.00 > 3.32; Reject H0, conclude that there is a significant difference in the means of the
three populations

PTS: 1

13. MNM, Inc. has three stores located in three different areas. Random samples of the sales of the three
stores (in $1,000) are shown below.

Store 1 Store 2 Store 3

88 76 85
84 78 67
88 60 55
 82 58
92

At a 5% level of significance, test to see if there is a significant difference in the average sales of the
three stores. Show your complete work and the ANOVA table. (Please note that the sample sizes are
not equal.)

ANS:
MSTR = 493.06
MSE = 93.87
F = 5.25 > 4.26; Reject H0, conclude that there is a significant difference in the average sales of the
three stores

PTS: 1

14. Three different brands of tires were compared for wear characteristics. For each brand of tire, ten tires
were randomly selected and subjected to standard wear testing procedures. The average mileage
obtained for each brand of tire and sample standard deviations (both in 1000 miles) are shown below.

Brand A Brand B Brand C

Average mileage 37 38 33
Sample variance 3 4 2

Use the above data and test to see if the mean mileage for all three brands of tires is the same. Let
Alpha = 0.05.

ANS:

SSTR = 140 MSTR = 70

SSE = 90 MSE = 3.33

F = 21.00 > 3.34; Reject H0, conclude that there is a significant difference in the mean mileage among
the three brands of tires

PTS: 1

15. Three different models of automobiles (A, B, and C) were compared for gasoline consumption. For
each model of car, fifteen cars were randomly selected and subjected to standard driving procedures.
The average miles/gallon obtained for each model of car and sample standard deviations are shown
below.

Car A Car B Car C

Average Mile Per Gallon 42 49 44
Sample Standard Deviation 4 5 3

Use the above data and test to see if the mean gasoline consumption for all three models of cars is the
same. Let Alpha = 0.05.

ANS:

SSTR = 390 MSTR = 195

SSE = 700 MSE = 16.67
 F = 11.7 > 3.21; Reject H0, conclude that there is a significant difference in the mean gasoline
consumption among the three models of cars

PTS: 1

16. At  = 0.05, test to determine if the means of the three populations (from which the following samples
are selected) are equal.

Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3

60 84 60
78 78 57
72 93 69
66 81 66

ANS:

SSTR = 936 MSTR = 468

SSE = 396 MSE = 44

F = 10.64 > 4.26; Reject H0, conclude that there is a significant difference in the means of the three
populations

PTS: 1

17. In order to test to see if there is any significant difference in the mean number of units produced per
week by each of three production methods, the following data were collected:

Method I Method II Method III

182 170 162
170 192 166
180 190

At the Alpha = 0.05 level of significance, is there any difference in the mean number of units produced
per week by each method? Show the complete ANOVA table. (Please note that the sample sizes are
not equal.)

ANS:

SSTR = 483.88 MSTR = 241.67

SSE = 386.67 MSE = 77.33

F = 3.12 < 5.79; Do not reject H0, cannot conclude that there is a significant difference in the mean
number of units produced per week by each method

PTS: 1

18. A dietician wants to see if there is any difference in the effectiveness of three diets. Eighteen people,
comprising a sample, were randomly assigned to the three diets. Below you are given the total amount
of weight lost in a month by each person.

Diet A Diet B Diet C

14 12 25
18 10 32
 20 22 18
12 12 14
20 16 17
18 12 14

a. State the null and alternative hypotheses.

b. Calculate the test statistic.
c. What would you advise the dietician about the effectiveness of the three diets? Use a .05 level
of significance.

ANS:

a. H0: 1 = 2 = 3
Ha: At least one mean is different
b. 2.005
c. Do not reject the null hypothesis of no difference since 2.00 < 3.68.

PTS: 1

19. Allied Corporation wants to increase the productivity of its line workers. Four different programs have
been suggested to help increase productivity. Twenty employees, making up a sample, have been
randomly assigned to one of the four programs and their output for a day's work has been recorded.
You are given the results below.

Program A Program B Program C Program D

150 150 185 175
130 120 220 150
120 135 190 120
180 160 180 130
145 110 175 175

a. State the null and alternative hypotheses.

b. Construct an ANOVA table.
c. As the statistical consultant to Allied, what would you advise them? Use a .05 level of
significance.
d. Use Fisher's LSD procedure and determine which population mean (if any) is different from
the others. Let  = .05.

ANS:

a. H0: 1 = 2 = 3 = 4
Ha: At least one mean is different

b.

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Treatment 8,750 3 2,916.67 6.14
Error 7,600 16 475.00
Total 16,350 19

c. Reject H0; 6.14 > 3.24, conclude that there is a significant difference in the mean output among
the four programs
 d. LSD = 29.22; the mean of population C is different from the others.

PTS: 1

20. The marketing department of a company has designed three different boxes for its product. It wants to
determine which box will produce the largest amount of sales. Each box will be test marketed in five
different stores for a period of a month. Below you are given the information on sales.

Store 1 Store 2 Store 3 Store 4 Store 5

Box 1 210 230 190 180 190
Box 2 195 170 200 190 193
Box 3 295 275 290 275 265

a. State the null and alternative hypotheses.

b. Construct an ANOVA table.
c. What conclusion do you draw?
d. Use Fisher's LSD procedure and determine which mean (if any) is different from the others.
Let  = 0.01.

ANS:

a. H0: 1 = 2 = 3
Ha: At least one mean is different

b.

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Treatment 24,667.20 2 12,333.60 48.4
Block 711.07 4 177.77
Error 2,022.14 8 252.77
Total 27,400.41 14

c. Reject the null hypothesis; 48.4 > 8.65; at least one mean is different from the others.
d. LSD = 33.73; the mean of box 3 is different from the others.

PTS: 1

21. You are given an ANOVA table below with some missing entries.

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Between Treatments 3 1,198.8
Between Blocks 5,040 6 840.0
Error 5,994 18
Total 27

a. State the null and alternative hypotheses.

b. Compute the sum of squares between treatments.
c. Compute the mean square due to error.
d. Compute the total sum of squares.
e. Compute the test statistic F.
f. Test the null hypothesis stated in Part a at the 1% level of significance. Be sure to state your
 conclusion.

ANS:

a. H0: 1 = 2 = 3 = 4
Ha: At least one mean is different
b. 3596.4
c. 333
d. 14630.4
e. 3.6
f. Do not reject the null hypothesis; at least one mean is different from the others.

PTS: 1

22. For four populations, the population variances are assumed to be equal. Random samples from each
population provide the following data.

Population Sample Size Sample Mean Sample Variance

1 11 40 23.4
2 11 35 21.6
3 11 39 25.2
4 11 37 24.6

Using a .05 level of significance, test to see if the means for all four populations are the same.

ANS:
Do not reject the null hypothesis of equal means since 2.282 < 2.84.

PTS: 1

23. A research organization wishes to determine whether four brands of batteries for transistor radios
perform equally well. Three batteries of each type were randomly selected and installed in the three
test radios. The number of hours of use for each battery is given below.

Brand
Radio 1 2 3 4
A 25 27 20 28
B 29 38 24 37
C 21 28 16 19

a. Use the analysis of variance procedure for completely randomized designs to determine
whether there is a significant difference in the mean useful life of the four types of batteries.
(Ignore the fact that there are different test radios.) Use the .05 level of significance and be sure
to construct the ANOVA table.
b. Now consider the three different test radios and carry out the analysis of variance procedure for
a randomized block design. Include the ANOVA table.
c. Compare the results in Parts a and b.

ANS:
a.

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
 Treatment 198 3 66.0 1.76
Error 300 8 37.5
Total 498 11

Do not reject the null hypothesis of equal means since1.76 < 4.07, cannot conclude that there is
a significant difference in the mean useful life of the four types of batteries.
b.

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Treatment 198 3 66.000 7.62
Block 248 2 124.000
Error 52 6 8.667
Total 498 11

Reject the null hypothesis since 7.62 > 4.76, conclude that there is a significant difference in
the mean useful life of the four types of batteries.
c. Controlling for the differences among radios has made a difference.

PTS: 1

24. Employees of MNM Corporation are about to undergo a retraining program. Management is trying to
determine which of three programs is the best. They believe that the effectiveness of the programs may
be influenced by gender. A factorial experiment was designed. You are given the following
information.

Factor A: Program Factor B: Gender

Male Female
Program 1 320 380
240 300
Program 2 160 240
180 210
Program 3 240 360
290 380

a. Set up the ANOVA table.

b. What advice would you give MNM? Use a .05 level of significance.

ANS:
a.

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Factor A 36,150.000 2 18,075.000 12.76
Factor B 16,133.333 1 16,133.333 11.39
Interaction 1,516.667 2 758.334 0.54
Error 8,500.000 6 1,416.667
Total 62,300.000 11

b. There is a significant difference in the programs since 12.76 > 5.14. There is a significant
difference in gender since 11.39 > 5.99. There is no significant interaction effect since .54 <
5.14.
 PTS: 1

25. The final examination grades of random samples of students from three different classes are shown
below.

Class A Class B Class C

92 91 85
85 85 93
96 90 82
95 86 84

At the  = .05 level of significance, is there any difference in the mean grades of the three classes?

ANS:
MSTR = 37.34
MSE = 18.89
F = 1.977 < 4.26; Do not reject H0, cannot conclude that there is a significant difference in the mean
grades of the three classes

PTS: 1

26. Individuals were randomly assigned to three different production processes. The hourly units of
production for the three processes are shown below.

Production Process
Process 1 Process 2 Process 3
33 33 28
30 35 36
28 30 30
29 38 34

Use the analysis of variance procedure with  = 0.05 to determine if there is a significant difference in
the mean hourly units of production for the three types of production processes.

ANS:
MSTR = 16.00
MSE = 9.78
F = 1.636 < 4.26; Do not reject H0, cannot conclude that there is a significant difference in the mean
hourly units of production for the three types of production processes

PTS: 1

27. Random samples of employees from three different departments of MNM Corporation showed the
following yearly incomes (in $1,000).

Department A Department B Department C

40 46 46
37 41 40
43 43 41
41 33 48
35 41 39
38 42 45
 At  = .05, test to determine if there is a significant difference among the average incomes of the
employees from the three departments.

ANS:
MSTR = 26.06
MSE = 13.52
F = 1.927 < 3.68; Do not reject H0, cannot conclude that there is a significant difference in the average
incomes of the employees from the three departments

PTS: 1

28. The heating bills for a selected sample of houses using various forms of heating are given below
(values are in dollars).

Gas Heated Homes Central Electric Heat Pump

83 90 81
80 88 83
82 87 80
83 82 82
82 83 79

At  = 0.05, test to see if there is a significant difference among the average bills of the homes.

ANS:
MSTR = 35
MSE = 5.17
F = 6.774 > 3.89; Reject H0, conclude that there is a significant difference among the average bills of
the homes

PTS: 1

29. Three universities in your state decided to administer the same comprehensive examination to the
recipients of MBA degrees from the three institutions. From each institution, MBA recipients were
randomly selected and were given the test. The following table shows the scores of the students from
each university.

Northern University Central University Southern University

75 85 80
80 89 81
84 86 84
85 88 79
81 83
85

At  = 0.01, test to see if there is any significant difference in the average scores of the students from
the three universities. (Note that the sample sizes are not equal.)

ANS:
MSTR = 45
MSE = 8.33
F = 5.401 < 6.39; Do not reject H0, cannot conclude that there is a significant difference in the average
scores of the students from the three universities
 PTS: 1

30. The three major automobile manufacturers have entered their cars in the Indianapolis 500 race. The
speeds of the tested cars are given below.

Manufacturer A Manufacturer B Manufacturer C

180 177 175
175 180 176
179 167 177
176 172
190

At  = .05, test to see if there is a significant difference in the average speeds of the cars of the auto
manufacturers.

ANS:
MSTR = 42
MSE = 26.89
F = 1.562 < 4.26; Do not reject H0, cannot conclude that there is a significant difference in the average
speeds of the cars of the auto manufacturers

PTS: 1

31. Part of an ANOVA table is shown below.

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Between Treatments 90 3 _____? _____?
Within Treatments (Error) 120 20 _____?
Total _____? _____?

a. Compute the missing values and fill in the blanks in the above table. Use  = .01 to determine
if there is any significant difference among the means.
b. How many groups have there been in this problem?
c. What has been the total number of observations?

ANS:
a.

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Between Treatments 90 3 30 5.00
Within Treatments (Error) 120 20 6
Total 210 23

F = 5.00 > 4.94; Reject H0 and conclude there is a significant difference among the means.
b. 4
c. 24

PTS: 1

32. Part of an ANOVA table involving 8 groups for a study is shown below.
 Sum of Degrees of Mean
Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Between Treatments 126 _____? _____? _____?
Within Treatments (Error) 240 _____? _____?
Total _____? 67

a. Complete all the missing values in the above table and fill in the blanks.
b. Use  = 0.01 to determine if there is any significant difference among the means of the eight
groups.

ANS:
a.

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Between Treatments 126 7 18 4.50
Within Treatments (Error) 240 60 4
Total 366 67

b. F = 4.5 > 2.95; Reject H0, conclude that there is a significant difference in the means of the
eight groups

PTS: 1

33. MNM, Inc. has three stores located in three different areas. Random samples of the daily sales of the
three stores (in $1,000) are shown below.

Store 1 Store 2 Store 3

9 10 6
8 11 7
7 10 8
8 13 11

At a 5% level of significance, test to see if there is a significant difference in the average sales of the
three stores.

ANS:
MSTR = 12.00
MSE = 2.44
F = 4.909 > 4.26; Reject H0, conclude that there is a significant difference in the average sales of the
three stores

PTS: 1

34. Five drivers were selected to test drive 2 makes of automobiles. The following table shows the number
of miles per gallon for each driver driving each car.

Driver
Automobile 1 2 3 4 5
A 30 31 30 27 32
B 36 35 28 31 30
 Consider the makes of automobiles as treatments and the drivers as blocks, test to see if there is any
difference in the miles/gallon of the two makes of automobiles. Let  = .05.

ANS:
MSTR = 10
MSE = 7
F = 1.43 < 7.71; Do not reject Ho, cannot conclude that there is a significant difference in the mean
miles/gallon of the two makes of automobiles

PTS: 1

35. A factorial experiment involving 2 levels of factor A and 2 levels of factor B resulted in the following.

Factor B
Factor A Level 1 Level 2
Level 1 14 18
16 12
Level 2 18 16
20 14

Set up the ANOVA table and test for any significant main effect and any interaction effect. Use  =
.05.

ANS:
Factor A Treatment F = 1.33 < 7.71; Do not reject H0
Factor B Treatment F = 1.33 < 7.71; Do not reject H0
Interaction (AB) F = 1.33 < 7.71; Do not reject H0

PTS: 1

36. Ten observations were selected from each of 3 populations, and an analysis of variance was performed
on the data. The following are the results:

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Between Treatments 82.4
Within Treatments (Error) 158.4
Total

a. Using  = .05, test to see if there is a significant difference among the means of the three
populations.
b. If in Part a you concluded that at least one mean is different from the others, determine which
mean is different. The three sample means are
= 24.8, = 23.4, and = 27.4. Use Fisher's LSD procedure and let  = .05.

ANS:

a. Ho: 1 = 2 = 3
Ha: at least one mean is different
F = 7.02 > 3.35; reject Ho, conclude that at least one mean is different from the others
b. LSD = 2.22
 = 1.2; = 2.6; = 4.0
The mean of the third population is different.

PTS: 1

37. The following are the results from a completely randomized design consisting of 3 treatments.

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Between Treatments 390.58
Within Treatments (Error) 158.40
Total 548.98 23

a. Using  = .05, test to see if there is a significant difference among the means of the three
populations. The sample sizes for the three treatments are equal.
b. If in Part a you concluded that at least one mean is different from the others, determine which
mean(s) is (are) different. The three sample means are = 17.000, = 21.625, and =
26.875. Use Fisher's LSD procedure and let  = .05.

ANS:

a. Ho: 1 = 2 = 3
Ha: at least one mean is different
F = 25.89 > 3.47; reject Ho, conclude that at least one mean is different from the others
b. LSD = 2.856
= 4.625; = 9.875; = 5.25
All three means are different from one another.

PTS: 1

38. Eight observations were selected from each of 3 populations, and an analysis of variance was
performed on the data. The following are part of the results.

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Between Treatments 195.58
Within Treatments (Error) 10.77
Total

Using  = .05, test to see if there is a significant difference among the means of the three populations.
The sample sizes for the three treatments are equal.

ANS:
Ho: 1 = 2 = 3
Ha: at least one mean is different
F = 9.08 > 3.47; reject Ho, conclude that there is a significant difference among the means of the three
populations

PTS: 1

39. Random samples of individuals from three different cities were asked how much time they spend per
day watching television. The results (in minutes) for the three groups are shown below.
 City I City II City III
260 178 211
280 190 190
240 220 250
260 240
300

At  = 0.05, test to see if there is a significant difference in the averages of the three groups.

ANS:

SSTR = 9,552.92 MSTR = 4,776.46

SSE = 6,322 MSE = 702.44

F = 6.8 > 4.26; reject Ho, conclude that there is a significant difference in the averages of the three
groups

PTS: 1

40. Three different brands of tires were compared for wear characteristics. From each brand of tire, ten
tires were randomly selected and subjected to standard wear-testing procedures. The average mileage
obtained for each brand of tire and sample variances (both in 1,000 miles) are shown below.

Brand A Brand B Brand C

Average Mileage 37 38 33
Sample Variance 3 4 2

Show the complete ANOVA table for this problem.

ANS:

SSTR = 140 MSTR = 70

SSE = 81 MSE = 3

F = 23.3

PTS: 1

41. Halls, Inc. has three stores located in three different areas. Random samples of the sales of the three
stores (In $1,000) are shown below.

Store 1 Store 2 Store 3

46 34 33
47 36 31
45 35 35
42 39
45

At a 5% level of significance, test to see if there is a significant difference in the average sales of the
three stores.

ANS:
 SSTR = 324 MSTR= 162
SSE = 36 MSE = 4

F = 40.5 > 4.26; reject Ho, conclude that there is a significant difference in the average sales of the
three stores

PTS: 1

42. In a completely randomized experimental design, 11 experimental units were used for each of the 4
treatments. Part of the ANOVA table is shown below.

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Between Treatments 1,500 _____? _____? _____?
Within Treatments (Error) _____? _____? _____?
Total 5,500

Fill in the blanks in the above ANOVA table.

ANS:

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Between Treatments 1,500 3 500 5.00
Within Treatments (Error) 4,000 40 100
Total 5,500 43

PTS: 1

43. Samples were selected from three populations. The data obtained are shown below.

Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3

10 16 15
13 14 15
12 13 16
13 14 14
16 10
17
Sample Mean ( ) 12 15 14
Sample Variance ( ) 2 2.4 5.5

a. Set up the ANOVA table for this problem.

b. At a 5% level of significance test to determine whether there is a significant difference in the
means of the three populations.

ANS:
a.

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Between Treatments 21.73 2 10.87 3.26
 Within Treatments (Error) 40.00 12 3.33
Total

b. Since the test statistic F = 3.26 < 3.89 do not reject Ho, cannot conclude that there is a
significant difference in the means of the three populations

PTS: 1

44. In a completely randomized experimental design, 14 experimental units were used for each of the 5
levels of the factor (i.e., 5 treatments). Fill in the blanks in the following ANOVA table.

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Between Treatments _____? _____? 800 _____?
Within Treatments (Error) _____? _____? _____?
Total 10,600 _____?

ANS:

Sum of Degrees of Mean

Source of Variation Squares Freedom Square F
Between Treatments 3,200 4 800.00 7.03
Within Treatments (Error) 7,400 65 113.85
Total 10,600 69

PTS: 1

45. Samples were selected from three populations. The data obtained are shown below.

Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3

10 16 15
13 14 15
12 13 16
13 14 14
16 10
17

At a 5% level of significance, use Excel to test to determine whether there is a significant difference in
the means of the three populations.

ANS:

A B C D E F G
1 Observation Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3
2 1 10 16 15
3 2 13 14 15
4 3 12 13 16
5 4 13 14 14
6 16 10
7 17
8
9 Anova: Single Factor
10
 11 SUMMARY
12 Groups Count Sum Average Variance
13 Sample 1 4 48 12 2.0
14 Sample 2 6 90 15 2.4
15 Sample 3 5 70 14 5.5
16
17 ANOVA
18 Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
19 Between Groups 21.73333 2 10.86667 3.26 0.07400 3.88529
20 Within Groups 40.00000 12 3.33333
21
22 Total 61.73333 14

Do not reject Ho, cannot conclude that there is a significant difference in the means of the three
populations

PTS: 1

46. Halls, Inc. has three stores located in three different areas. Random samples of the sales of the three
stores (In $1,000) are shown below.

Store 1 Store 2 Store 3

46 34 33
47 36 31
45 35 35
42 39
45

At a 5% level of significance, use Excel to test to see if there is a significant difference in the average
sales of the three stores.

ANS:

A B C D E F G
1 Observation Store 1 Store 2 Store 3
2 1 46 34 33
3 2 47 36 31
4 3 45 35 35
5 4 42 39
6 5 45
7
8 Anova: Single Factor
9
10 SUMMARY
11 Groups Count Sum Average Variance
12 Store 1 5 225 45 3.50000
13 Store 2 4 144 36 4.66667
14 Store 3 3 99 33 4.00000
15
16 ANOVA
17 Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
18 Between Groups 324 2 162 40.5 0.00003 4.25649
19 Within Groups 36 9 4
20
21 Total 360 11
 Reject Ho; conclude that there is a significant difference in the average sales of the three stores

PTS: 1

47. Random samples of individuals from three different cities were asked how much time they spend per
day watching television. The results (in minutes) for the three groups are shown below.

City I City II City III

260 178 211
280 190 190
240 220 250
260 240
300

At  = 0.05, use Excel to test to see if there is a significant difference in the averages of the three
groups.

ANS:

A B C D E F G
1 Observation City I City II City III
2 1 260 178 211
3 2 280 190 190
4 3 240 220 250
5 4 260 240
6 5 300
7
8 Anova: Single Factor
9
10 SUMMARY
11 Groups Count Sum Average Variance
12 City I 5 1340 268 520
13 City II 4 828 207 796
14 City III 3 651 217 927
15
16 ANOVA
17 Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
18 Between Groups 9552.92 2 4776.458 6.79977 0.01587 4.25649
19 Within Groups 6322.00 9 702.444
20
21 Total 15874.92 11

Reject Ho; conclude that there is a significant difference in the averages of the three groups

PTS: 1

48. The three major automobile manufacturers have entered their cars in the Indianapolis 500 race. The
speeds of the tested cars are given below.

Manufacturer A Manufacturer B Manufacturer C

180 177 175
175 180 176
179 167 177
176 172
 190

At  = .05, use Excel to test to see if there is a significant difference in the average speeds of the cars
of the auto manufacturers.

ANS:

A B C D E F G
1 Observation Mfr. A Mfr. B Mfr. C
2 1 180 177 175
3 2 175 180 176
4 3 179 167 177
5 4 176 172
6 5 190
7
8 Anova: Single Factor
9
10 SUMMARY
11 Groups Count Sum Average Variance
12 Manufacturer A 5 900 180 35.50000
13 Manufacturer B 4 696 174 32.66667
14 Manufacturer C 3 528 176 1.00000
15
16 ANOVA
17 Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
18 Between Groups 84 2 42.00000 1.56198 0.26163 4.25649
19 Within Groups 242 9 26.88889
20
21 Total 326 11

Do not reject H0, cannot conclude that there is a significant difference in the average speeds of the cars
of the auto manufacturers

PTS: 1

49. A dietician wants to see if there is any difference in the effectiveness of three diets. Eighteen people,
comprising a sample, were randomly assigned to the three diets. Below you are given the total amount
of weight lost in a month by each person.

Diet A Diet B Diet C

14 12 25
18 10 32
20 22 18
12 12 14
20 16 17
18 12 14

What would you advise the dietician about the effectiveness of the three diets? Use Excel and a .05
level of significance.

ANS:

A B C D E F G
1 Observation Diet A Diet B Diet C
 2 1 14 12 25
3 2 18 10 32
4 3 20 22 18
5 4 12 12 14
6 5 20 16 17
7 6 18 12 14
8
9 Anova: Single Factor
10
11 SUMMARY
12 Groups Count Sum Average Variance
13 Diet A 6 102 17 10.8
14 Diet B 6 84 14 19.2
15 Diet C 6 120 20 50.8
16
17 ANOVA
18 Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
19 Between Groups 108 2 54.00000 2.00495 0.16918 3.68232
20 Within Groups 404 15 26.93333
21
22 Total 512 17

Conclude that the diets are equally effective.

PTS: 1

50. Individuals were randomly assigned to three different production processes. The hourly units of
production for the three processes are shown below.

Production Process
Process 1 Process 2 Process 3
33 33 28
30 35 36
28 30 30
29 38 34

Use Excel with  = 0.05 to determine if there is a significant difference in the mean hourly units of
production for the three types of production processes.

ANS:

A B C D E F G
1 Observation Process 1 Process 2 Process 3
2 1 33 33 28
3 2 30 35 36
4 3 28 30 30
5 4 29 38 34
6
7 Anova: Single Factor
8
9 SUMMARY
10 Groups Count Sum Average Variance
11 Process 1 4 120 30 4.66667
12 Process 2 4 136 34 11.33333
 13 Process 3 4 128 32 13.33333
14
15 ANOVA
16 Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
17 Between Groups 32 2 16.00000 1.63636 0.24766 4.25649
18 Within Groups 88 9 9.77778
19
20 Total 120 11

We cannot conclude that there is a significant difference in the mean hourly units of production for the
three types of production processes

PTS: 1

51. A research organization wishes to determine whether four brands of batteries for transistor radios
perform equally well. Three batteries of each type were randomly selected and installed in the three
test radios. The number of hours of use for each battery is given below.

Brand
Radio 1 2 3 4
A 25 27 20 28
B 29 38 24 37
C 21 28 16 19

Consider the three different test radios and use Excel to carry out the analysis of variance procedure
for a randomized block design. Use a .05 level of significance.

ANS:

A B C D E F G
1 Radio Brand 1 Brand 2 Brand 3 Brand 4
2 A 25 27 20 28
3 B 29 38 24 37
4 C 21 28 16 19
5
6 Anova: Two-Factor Without Replication
7
8 SUMMARY Count Sum Average Variance
9 A 4 100 25 12.66667
10 B 4 128 32 44.66667
11 C 4 84 21 26.00000
12
13 Brand 1 3 75 25 16
14 Brand 2 3 93 31 37
15 Brand 3 3 60 20 16
16 Brand 4 3 84 28 81
17
18 ANOVA
19 Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
20 Rows 248 2 124.0000 14.30769 0.00521 5.14325
21 Columns 198 3 66.0000 7.61539 0.01808 4.75706
22 Error 52 6 8.6667
23
24 Total 498 11
 Conclude that there is a significant difference in the mean useful life of the four brand of batteries.

PTS: 1

52. Five drivers were selected to test drive 2 makes of automobiles. The following table shows the number
of miles per gallon for each driver driving each car.

Driver
Automobile 1 2 3 4 5
A 30 31 30 27 32
B 36 35 28 31 30

Consider the makes of automobiles as treatments and the drivers as blocks, use Excel to test to see if
there is any difference in the miles/gallon of the two makes of automobiles. Let  = .05.

ANS:

A B C D E F G
1 Automobile Driver 1 Driver 2 Driver 3 Driver 4 Driver 5
2 A 30 31 30 27 32
3 B 36 35 28 31 30
4
5 Anova: Two-Factor Without Replication
6
7 SUMMARY Count Sum Average Variance
8 A 5 150 30 3.5
9 B 5 160 32 11.5
10
11 Driver 1 2 66 33 18
12 Driver 2 2 66 33 8
13 Driver 3 2 58 29 2
14 Driver 4 2 58 29 8
15 Driver 5 2 62 31 2
16
17 ANOVA
18 Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
19 Rows 10 1 10 1.42857 0.29802 7.70865
20 Columns 32 4 8 1.14286 0.45007 6.38823
21 Error 28 4 7
22
23 Total 70 9

Cannot conclude that there is a significant difference in the mean miles/gallon of the two makes of
automobiles

PTS: 1

53. A factorial experiment involving 2 levels of factor A and 2 levels of factor B resulted in the following.

Factor B
Factor A Level 1 Level 2
Level 1 14 18
16 12
 Level 2 18 16
20 14

Use Excel and test for any significant main effect and any interaction effect. Use  = .05.

ANS:

A B C D E F G
1 B Level 1 B Level 2
2 A Level 1 14 18
3 16 12
4 A Level 2 18 16
5 20 14
6
7 Anova: Two-Factor With Replication
8
9 SUMMARY B Level 1 B Level 2 Total
10 A Level 1
11 Count 2 2 4
12 Sum 30 30 60
13 Average 15 15 15
14 Variance 2 18 6.66667
15
16 A Level 2
17 Count 2 2 4
18 Sum 38 30 68
19 Average 19 15 17
20 Variance 2 2 6.66667
21
22 Total
23 Count 4 4
24 Sum 68 60
25 Average 17 15
26 Variance 6.66667 6.66667
27
28 ANOVA
29 Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
30 Sample 8 1 8 1.33333 0.3125 7.70865
31 Columns 8 1 8 1.33333 0.3125 7.70865
32 Interaction 8 1 8 1.33333 0.3125 7.70865
33 Within 24 4 6
34
35 Total 48 7

Factor A Treatment: Do not reject H0

Factor B Treatment: Do not reject H0
Interaction (AB): Do not reject H0

PTS: 1

54. Employees of MNM Corporation are about to undergo a retraining program. Management is trying to
determine which of three programs is the best. They believe that the effectiveness of the programs may
be influenced by gender. A factorial experiment was designed. You are given the following
information.
 Factor B: Gender
Factor A: Program Male Female
Program A 320 380
240 300
Program B 160 240
180 210
Program C 240 360
290 380

What advice would you give MNM? Use Excel and a .05 level of significance.

ANS:

A B C D E F G
1 Male Female
2 Program A 320 380
3 240 300
4 Program B 160 240
5 180 210
6 Program C 240 360
7 290 380
8
9 Anova: Two-Factor With Replication
10
11 SUMMARY Male Female Total
12 Program A
13 Count 2 2 4
14 Sum 560 680 1240
15 Average 280 340 310
16 Variance 3200 3200 3333.333
17
18 Program B
19 Count 2 2 4
20 Sum 340 450 790
21 Average 170 225 197.5
22 Variance 200 450 1225
23
24 Program C
25 Count 2 2 4
26 Sum 530 740 1270
27 Average 265 370 317.5
28 Variance 1250 200 4158.333
29
30 Total
31 Count 6 6
32 Sum 1430 1870
33 Average 238.333 311.667
34 Variance 3776.667 5456.667
35
36 ANOVA
37 Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
38 Sample 36150.00 2 18075.00 12.75882 0.00690 5.14325
39 Columns 16133.33 1 16133.33 11.38824 0.01496 5.98737
40 Interaction 1516.67 2 758.33 0.53529 0.61107 5.14325
41 Within 8500.00 6 1416.67
 42
43 Total 62300.00 11

There is a significant difference in the programs and there is a significant difference in gender. There is
no significant interaction effect.

PTS: 1

55. Regional Manager Sue Collins would like to know if the mean number of telephone calls made per
8-hour shift is the same for the telemarketers at her three call centers (Austin, Las Vegas, and
Albuquerque).
A simple random sample of 6 telemarketers from each of the three call centers was taken and the
number of telephone calls made in eight hours by each observed employee is shown below.

Center 1 Center 2 Center 3

Observation Austin Las Vegas Albuquerque
1 82 72 71
2 68 63 81
3 77 74 73
4 80 60 68
5 69 70 76
6 78 73 80
Sample Mean 75.667 68.667 74.833
Sample Variance 33.867 33.467 26.167

a. Using  = .10, test for any significant difference in number of telephone calls made at the three
call centers.
b. Apply Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) procedure to determine where the differences
occur. Use  = .05.

ANS:
a. Reject H0, because F = 2.815 > 2.695 (or because p-value = .092 <  = .10). Conclusion: Not all
call center means are equal.

ANOVA
Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 175.444 2 87.722 2.814637 0.091645 2.69517
Within Groups 467.500 15 31.167
Total 642.944 17
b. Centers 1 & 2: Reject H0
Using xi  x j : 7.000 > 6.869
Using t: 2.172 > 2.1317
Using p-value: .0463 < .05
Centers 1 & 3: Do not reject H0
Using xi  x j : 0.834 < 6.869
Using t: 0.259 < 2.1317
Using p-value: .7992 > .05
Centers 2 & 3: Do not reject H0
 Using xi  x j : 6.166 < 6.869
Using t: 1.913 < 2.1317
Using p-value: .0750 > .05

PTS: 1

56. To test whether the time required to fully load a standard delivery truck is the same for three work
shifts (day, evening, and night), NatEx obtained the following data on the time (in minutes) needed to
pack a truck. Use these data to test whether the population mean times for loading a truck differ for
the three work shifts. Use  = .05.

Observation Day Shift Evening Shift Night Shift

1 92 83 89
2 81 93 97
3 103 79 95
4 77 102 88
5 82 84 106
Sample Mean 87.0 88.2 95.0
Sample Variance 110.5 85.7 52.5

ANS:
We cannot reject H0: 1 = 2 = 3 because F = 2.073 < F = 3.885 (or p-value = .17 >
 = .05). Conclusion: There is little evidence of a difference in the three shifts’ mean loading times.

ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 260.8 2 130.4 2.073132 0.168521 3.88529
Within Groups 754.8 12 62.9
Total 1015.6 14