TESTS

END-OF-YEAR TEST 2   UNITS 1–16 of changing his ways 15 he genuinely to

be given that opportunity, but instead he is stuck in a
cycle of crime, poverty and prison.
GRAMMAR    Threatened with time in jail, habitual criminals
like Carl merely shrug their shoulders. 16
1 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar effect, they have ceased to care what is done to them.
meaning to the first sentence using the words given. 17
a different approach can be found,
1 I haven’t seen the test results so I don’t want to offer people like him will just spend their lives going in and
an opinion. out of cells. That’s why a new project is 18
Not  tried out in the city, which sentences petty criminals
2 I missed the performance because the traffic was to community service instead of prison. The hope is
so bad. that this new approach will succeed 19
If the traffic  giving Carl and others a greater feeling of self-worth,
3 Harry was upset by the fact that nobody and will help them change their ways, and, even
congratulated him. 20
it fails, it will at least get Carl to do an
What  honest day’s work for once.
4 Amy’s constantly moaning about the weather.
If only  / 20
5 Scientists may well interpret the data in a number of
different ways. VOCABULARY
The data 
6 We need to give Joe more time to decide. 3 Complete each sentence with one word.
Joe needs  1 The prime minister’s comments sparked a
7 He was skiing far too fast. of protests from civil rights activists
He shouldn’t  opposed to his reforms.
8 I know you don’t want to go, but you have no choice. 2 Think long and about what you want to
Whether  study before choosing a course.
9 Nobody had ever completed a lap in such a fast time 3 Sam isn’t pulling his in the team. He
before. just doesn’t work hard enough. We should drop him
Never before  and pick another player.
10 I don’t think it is right that children should be 4 The play was so dull I was bored out of my
allowed in.  .
I don’t approve  5 There’s no point in crying over milk. Let’s
/ 10 just move on.
2 Complete the text with one word in each space. 6 The conspirators were put on for
planting a bomb in the city centre.
A Productive Way to Punish 7 Two international athletes were of
1
lost both his job and his home at the doping by the athletics federation and banned.
age of 40, New Yorker Carl Hammond took to a life 8 We’ve lost every match this season. We need to
of crime, and, nowadays, barely a day goes by during improve our performances to stop the  .
2
he doesn’t steal something. Indeed, you 9 Tom built up his business from  . He had
could say that 3 he does for a living is nothing when he started.
commit petty theft. 4 lifting goods from 10 After standing in the queue for three hours I was
the city’s department stores on a regular basis, and on my feet.
selling them on the street, may seem 5 11 Poor sales are likely to affect the business’
a pretty depressing way of life to most, to Carl it line.
makes sense. ‘If I 6 better qualified, I’d get 12 The case was thrown out on the of
a proper job,’ he says, ‘but I have no prospects, insufficient evidence.
and neither 7 my friends on the street. / 12
We haven’t been given any choice but to steal, 4 Complete the sentences with the correct phrasal verb
8
we?’ 9 is with sadness in form of the verbs in the box.
his voice that he says this.
   The reason 10 Carl offends lay   come   sound   let   stand   give
and reoffends over and over again is that his
shoplifting 11 so petty as to warrant only 1 When you first meet her, Amy as a really
the shortest of standard sentences – 60 to 90 days nice person. I’d like to get to know her better.
at the most. It is no deterrent, and no incentive to 2 Why don’t you other people in the
change his ways. 12 the fact that he isn’t company and see what they think.
getting any younger, Carl continues to waste his life. 3 Before he died, Hughes all his money to
13
is the system that seems to be failing charities. He was penniless at his death.
him. Carl 14 probably jump at the chance 4 These figures don’t to scrutiny. I think
they are unreliable.

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5 The small mouse a squeal when I tried to c She argues that Bentley meant to tell Craig to give
pick it up. himself up.
6 Cybertechnics have 20 employees d She acknowledges that it’s likely nobody actually
because the company hasn’t enough contracts to keep said the phrase at all.
them in work. 3 When describing the murder of the policeman, which
/6 of the following does Claudia mention?
5 Choose the correct word to complete the sentences. a The killer was clearly scared as he ran from the
1 I like smart shirts with long  . police.
a  sleeves b  lapels c  flares b The killer was being held down by a policeman as
2 We may need to staff redundant. he fired.
a  give b  take c  make c The killer was holding a weapon he had adapted in
3 Henry is as hard as  . some way.
a  nails b  stones c  swords d The killer clearly didn’t intend to kill the policeman
4 Police have down on drug use in the at all.
neighbourhood. 4 How is Derek Bentley described?
a  broken b  smashed c  cracked a as a vulnerable young man who wasn’t very smart
5 I could see Tina at me with anger in her b as someone who may have been insane at the
eyes. I didn’t know what I’d done wrong. time of the murder
a  fluttering b  grinning c  glaring c as a person who knew exactly what he was doing
6 Louise never her words. She says things d as someone who bore more responsibility for the
very directly and clearly. crime than Craig
a  turns b  minces c  slices 5 How does the presenter feel about the trial and
7 There’s a narrow across the top of the execution of Derek Bentley?
mountain range that we’d like to climb to. a He considers it a sad but just decision.
a  cove b  ridge c  gorge b He appears concerned it was an error.
8 We employ a large sales  . c He tries to be neutral in his view.
a  army b  force c  regiment d He seems more worried about Craig.
9 The name of the place we went to is on the / 10
of my tongue. I wish I could
remember it. SPEAKING
a  top b  end c  tip
10 Once everybody has their vote, we will 7 Talk about one of the following topics.
find out who has won. • think of a wedding, birthday party or other social
a  thrown b  pulled c  cast occasion you have been to. Describe it to somebody as
11 I’m sorry, but that isn’t acceptable. It’s not the if they are from a very different culture.
thing in our club. • talk about what you think we can learn from animals
a  shown b  made c  done • describe current trends in your country, which ones you
12 I’ve my trousers at the back. How have taken part in, and which ones you think will last
embarrassing! / 10
a  ripped b  spilled c  flushed
/ 12 READING
LISTENING 8a Read the text and decide where each extract should
go. There is one extract you don’t need.
6 Listen to the radio interview and choose the best 1 In contrast, local people have consistently refused to
answer. work with overseas environmental agencies.
1 Which of the following details are mentioned in the 2 Such enlightened thinking would not only save the
description of the crime Bentley and Craig committed? trees, but would reverse an attitude in the west which
a Both Derek Bentley and his friend Christopher has often bordered on the hypocritical.
Craig came from South London. 3 As great tracts of tropical forests are cut down each
b Derek Bentley shot at a policeman during the day, we lose the great trees that once absorbed so
course of a burglary. much harmful CO2, and, as we burn and log them, we
c Christopher Craig shot at least two policemen release even more of the gas.
while trying to escape. 4 In consequence, it is undoubtedly true that, while the
d Bentley was caught by the police after Craig was demand remains for timber on the world’s markets,
caught and arrested. trees will come down.
2 During the attempted burglary, someone was heard to 5 Much has already been lost, but so much could still be
shout ‘Let him have it!’ What does Claudia say about saved were we to act more resolutely now.
the phrase? /4
a She admits the phrase might be interpreted to
mean different things.
b She says Bentley shouted the phrase as Craig
jumped from the roof.

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8b Read the text again and answer the questions. WRITING

In which paragraph (A to D)
1 does the writer explain why local people can’t be 9 Write one of the following.
expected to cease logging without incentives? • a magazine article about a medical discovery that you
2 does the writer give a reason to stop logging other think is of great importance
than that of the threat to the world’s climate? • a web page providing information about a place in
3 does the writer say who should take responsibility for your country people should visit
changing the situation as it currently is? • a covering letter for your dream job
/6 / 10   / 100
OPINION: Why we must stop logging
A
Should ten million of us suddenly leap on board
planes and fly from Paris to New York, the amount
of carbon dioxide released would be shocking,
right? Well, believe it or not, the logging industry
is responsible for releasing an equivalent amount
of carbon dioxide on a daily basis. a
Just about everybody, from the most innocent of
children in primary school to the most powerful of
world leaders at climate change summits, knows and
accepts the error of logging. That notwithstanding,
nothing of any import is ever done bar a little lip
service, and a shrug of the shoulders.
B
Of course, the daily catastrophe of deforestation
threatens to deprive us of so much more, too. While
climate change may well be what really focusses the
minds of politicians when they ponder how to halt
stripping the tropical world of its trees, to many the
loss of habitat and species is of comparable concern,
not to mention the undiscovered medicines lost to
science, or the sheer wonder of nature denied to
future generations. b
C
One thing that needs to be acknowledged is that
deforestation makes sense financially, not least
to the people on the ground, many of whom are
impoverished. c A profit can be made
from the wood sold, and, once all the trees have
gone, cash crops can be planted in the spaces left.
Various peoples have lived for millennia in rainforests
by slashing and burning the trees, exhausting
the fertile land, then moving on to another part
of the forest. Why should they take any notice of
environmentalists from wealthy countries whose
own lives lack hardship? It is unreasonable to merely
demand that poorer countries ignore the financial
potential of exploiting this natural resource.
D
The onus then has to be on the wealthier nations
of the world to change the dynamics, creating a
situation in which protecting rainforests makes
more sense financially than tearing them down.
d
It is scandalous, for example, that
while there are many financial incentives for
landowners in Europe to protect natural habitats,
there are virtually no incentives for landowners
in poorer countries to do the same. It is high time
that rich countries used their finances to stop
deforestation in its tracks. Imagine a world in which
forests were sponsored by major multinationals and
prosperous governments, who didn’t just ban logging,
but invested in jobs for locals as tourist guides, animal
welfare officers or even botanists and zoologists.
© National Geographic Learning, a part of Cengage Learning TESTS 263

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