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Ana Bible
Ana Bible
Optic Canal Lesser wing of the Sphenoid Optic nerve, ophthalmic artery
Superior Orbital Fissure Between lesser and greater wings of Lacrimal, frontal, trochlear, oculomotor,
the Sphenoid nasociliary and abducent nerves;
superior ophthalmic vein
Foramen Rotundum Greater wing of the Sphenoid Maxillary Division of the Trigeminal
Nerve
Foramen Ovale Greater wing of the Sphenoid Mandibular division of the Trigeminal
Nerve
Foramen Lacerum Between petrous part of temporal and Internal carotid artery
Sphenoid
Jugular Foramen Between petrous part of temporal and Glossopharyngeal, vagus, and
condylar part of occipital accessory nerves; sigmoid sinus
becomes internal jugular vein
Internal Acoustic Meatus Petrous part of temporal Vestibulocochlear and facial nerves
Superior Rectus Tendinous ring on Superior surface of CNIII Raises cornea upward
posterior wall of eyeball just posterior and medially
orbital cavity to corneoscleral
junction
Superior Oblique Posterior wall of Passes through pulley CNIV Rotates eyeball so
orbital cavity and is attached to that cornea looks
superior surface of downward and
eyeball beneath laterally
superior rectus
Inferior Oblique Floor of orbital cavity Lateral surface of CNIII Rotates eyeball so
eyeball deep to lateral that cornea looks
rectus upward and laterally
Muscles of Eyelids
Orbicularis Oculi
✔ Palpebral Part Medial palpebral Lateral palpebral Facial nerve Closes eyelids and
ligament raphe dilates lacrimal sac
✔ Orbital Part Medial palpebral Loops return to origin Facial nerve Throws skin around
ligament and orbit into folds to
adjoining bone protect eyeball
Levator Palpebrae Back of orbital cavity Anterior surface and Striated muscle Raises upper lid
Superioris upper margin of oculomotor nerve,
superior tarsal plate smooth muscle
Sympathetic
Muscles of Tongue
Cranial Nerves
Pectoralis Minor 3rd, 4th and 5th ribs Coracoid process of Medial pectoral nerve Depresses point of
scapula from brachial plexus shoulder; if the
scapula is fixed, it
elevates the ribs of
origin
Serratus Anterior Upper eight ribs Medial border and Long thoracic nerve Draws the scapula
inferior angle of the forward around the
scapula thoracic wall; rotates
the scapula
Muscles Connecting the Upper limb to the Vertebral Column/ Superficial (Appendicular) Group of Back Muscles
Latissimus Dorsi Iliac crest, lumbar Floor of bicipital Thoracodorsal nerve Extends, adducts and
fascia, spines of lower groove of humerus medially rotates the
six thoracic vertebrae, arm
lower three or four
ribs, and inferior angle
of the scapula
Levator Scapulae Transverse processes Medial border of the C3 and C4 and dorsal Raises medial border
of first four cervical scapula scapular nerve of the scapula
vertebrae
Rhomboid Minor Ligamentum nuchae Medial border of the Dorsal scapular nerve Raises medial border
and spines of 7th scapula of scapula upward
cervical vertebra and and medially
1st thoracic vertebra
Rhomboid Major 2nd to 5th thoracic Medial border of Dorsal scapular nerve Raises medial border
spines scapula of scapula upward
and medially
Supraspinatus Supraspinous fossa of Greater tuberosity of Spurascapular nerve Abducts arm and
scapula humerus; capsule of stabilizes shoulder
shoulder joint joint
Infraspinatus Infraspinous fossa Greater tuberosity of Suprascapular nerve Laterally rotates arm
humerus; capsule of and stabilizes
shoulder joint shoulder joint
Teres Major Lower third of lateral Medial lip of bicipital Lower subscapular Medially rotates and
border of scapula groove of humerus nerve adducts arm and
stabilizes shoulder
joint
Teres Minor Upper two thirds of Greater tuberosity of Axillary nerve Laterally rotates arm
lateral border of the the humerus; capsule stabilizes shoulder
scapula of shoulder joint joint
Subscapularis Subscapular fossa Lesser tuberosity of Upper and lower Medially rotates arm
humerus subscapular nerves and stabilizes
shoulder joint
Biceps Brachii
Coracobrachialis Coracoid process of Medial aspect of shaft Musculocutaneous Flexes arm and also
scapula of humerus nerve weak adductor
Brachialis Front of lower half of Coronoid process of Musculocutaneous Flexor of elbow joint
humerus ulna nerve
Posterior Compartment
Triceps
Flexor Carpi Radialis Medial epicondyle of Bases of 2nd and 3rd Median nerve Flexes and abducts
humerus metacarpal bones hand at wrist joint
Palmaris Longus Medial epicondyle of Flexor retinaculum Median nerve Flexes hand
humerus and palmar
aponeurosis
Flexor Digitorum
Superficialis
Flexor Pollicis Anterior surface of Distal phalanx of Anterior interosseus Flexes distal phalanx
Longus shaft of radius thumb branch of median of thumb
nerve
Flexor Digitorum Anteromedial surface Distal phalanges of Ulnar (medial half) Flexes distal phalanx
Profundus of shaft of ulna medial four fingers and median (lateral of fingers; then assists
half) nerves in flexion of middle
and proximal
phalanges and wrist
Pronator Quadratus Anterior surface of Anterior surface of Anterior interosseus Pronates forearm
shaft of ulna shaft or radius branch of median
nerve
Extensor Carpi Lateral supracondylar Posterior surface of Radial nerve Extends and abducts
Radialis Longus ridge pf the humerus base of 2nd hand at wrist joint
metacarpal bone
Extensor Digitorum Lateral epicondyle of Middle and distal Deep branch of radial Extends fingers and
humerus phalanges of medial nerve hand
four fingers
Extensor Digiti Lateral epicondyle of Extensor expansion Deep branch of radial Extends
Minimi humerus of little finger nerve metacarpophalangeal
joint of little finger
Extensor Carpi Lateral epicondyle of Base of fifth Deep branch of radial Extends and adducts
Ulnaris humerus metacarpal bone nerve hand at wrist joint
Anconeus Lateral epicondyle of Lateral surface of Radial nerve Extends elbow joint
humerus olecranon process of
ulna
Supinator Lateral epicondyle of Neck and shaft of Deep branch of radial Supination of forearm
humerus radius nerve
Abductor Pollicis Posterior surface of Base of first Deep branch of radial Extends and abducts
Longus shaft of radius and metacarpal bone nerve thumb
ulna
Extensor Pollicis Posterior surface of Base of proximal Deep branch of radial Extends
Brevis shaft or radius phalanx of thumb nerve metacarpophalangeal
joint of thumb
Extensor Pollicis Posterior surface of Base of distal Deep branch of radial Extends distal phalanx
Longus shaft of ulna phalanx of thumb nerve of thumb
Extensor Indicis Posterior surface of Extensor expansion Deep branch of radial Extends
shaft of ulna of index finger nerve metacarpophalangeal
joint of index finger
Lumbricals (4) Tendons of flexor Extensor expansion 1st and 2nd (i.e. lateral Flexes
digitorum profundus of medial four fingers two) median nerve; metacarpophalangeal
3rd and 4th deep joints and extend
branch of ulnar nerve interphalangeal joints of
fingers except thumb
Interossei (8)
✔ Palmar (4) First arises from Proximal phalanges Deep branch of ulnar Palmar interossei adduct
base of 1st of thumb and index, nerve fingers toward center of
metacarpal; ring and little fingers third finger
remaining three from and dorsal extensor
anterior surface of expansion of each
shafts of 2nd, 4th and finger
5th metacarpals
✔ Dorsal (4) Contiguous sidesof Proximal phalanges Deep branch of ulnar Dorsal interossei abduct
shafts of metacarpal of index, middle and nerve fingers from center of
bones ring fingers and third finger; both palmar
dorsal extensor and dorsal flex
expansion metacarpophalangeal
joints and extend
interphalangeal joints
Opponens Pollicis Flexor retinaculum Shaft of metacarpal Median nerve Pulls thumb medially and
bone of thumb forward across palm
Adductor Pollicis Oblique head; 2nd Base of proximal Deep branch of ulnar Adduction of thumb
and 3rd metacarpal phalanx of thumb nerve
bones; transverse
head; 3rd metacarpal
bone
Short Muscles of Little Finger (Hypothenar Muscles; digiti minimi- 5th digit)
Abductor Digiti Pisiform bone Base of proximal Deep branch of ulnar Abducts little finger
Minimi phalanx of little finger nerve
Flexor Digiti Minimi Flexor retinaculum Base of proximal Deep branch of ulnar Flexes little finger
phalanx of little finger nerve
Opponens Digiti Flexor retinaculum Medial border of 5th Deep branch of ulnar Pulls 5th metacarpal
Minimi metacarpal bone nerve forward as in cupping the
palm
Branches Distribution
Roots
Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5) Rhomboid minor, rhomboid major, levator scapulae
Upper Trunk
Lateral Cord
Lateral root of Median Nerve (C5, 6, 7) (See medial root of median nerve)
Posterior Cord
Axillary Nerve (C5, 6) Deltoid and teres minor; upper and lateral cutaneous nerve
of arm supplies skin over lower half of deltoid muscle
Radial Nerve (C5, 6, 7, 8; T1) Triceps, anconeus, part of brachialis, ECRL; via deep radial
nerve branch supplies extensor muscles of forearm:
supinator, ECRB, ECU, ED, EDM, EI, AbPL, EPL, EPB;
skin, lower lateral cutaneous nerve of arm, posterior
cutaneous nerve of arm, and posterior cutaneous nerve of
forearm; skin on lateral side of dorsum of hand and dorsal
surface of lateral three and a half of fingers; articular
branches to elbow, wrist and hand
Medial Cord
Medial Pectoral Nerve (C8; T1) Pectoralis major and pectoralis minor
Medial Cutaneous Nerve of arm joined by intercostals Skin of medial side of arm
brachial nerve from second intercostals nerve (C8; T1,
2)
Medial Cutaneous Nerve of forearm (C8; T1) Skin of medial side of forearm
Ulnar Nerve (C8; T1) FCU and medial half of FDP, FDM, ODM, AbDM, AdP, 3 rd
and 4th lumbricals, interossei, PB, skin of medial half of
dorsum of hand and palm, skin of palmar and dorsal
surfaces of medial one and a half fingers
Medial root of Median Nerve (with lateral root) forms PT, FCR, PL, FDS, AbPB, FPB, OP, first two lumbricals (by
Median Nerve (C5, 6, 7, 8; T1) way of anterior interosseus branch), FPL, FDP (lateral half),
PQ, palmar cutaneous branch to lateral half of palm and
digital branches to palmar surface of lateral three and a half
fingers; articular branches to elbow, wrist and carpal joints
Interossei
Dorsal (4) Adjacent sides of Bases of proximal Lateral plantar nerve Abduction of toes; flexes
metatarsal bones phalanges first: medial metatarsophalangeal joints and
side of second toe; extends interphalangeal joints
remainder: lateral sides
of second, third, and
fourth toes also dorsal
extensor expansion
Plantar (3) Inferior surfaces of third,Medial side of bases of Lateral plantar nerve Adduction of toes; flexes
fourth, and fifth proximal phalanges of metatarsophalangeal joints and
metatarsal bones lateral three toes extends interphalangeal joints
Peroneus
longus tendon
Tibialis
posterior
tendon
Branches Distribution
Superior gluteal nerve Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae
muscles
Inferior gluteal nerve Gluteus maximus muscle
Nerve to piriformis Piriformis muscle
Nerve to obturator internus Obturator internus and superior gemellus muscles
Nerve to quadratus femoris Quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus muscles
Perforating cutaneous nerve Skin over medial aspect of buttock
Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh Skin over posterior surface of thigh and popliteal fossa, also over
lower part of buttock, scrotum, or labium majus
Sciatic nerve (L4, 5; S1, 2, 3) Tibial portion Hamstring muscles (semitendinosus, biceps femoris [long head],
adductor magnus [hamstring part]), gastrocnemius, soleus,
plantaris, popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor
hallucis longus, and via medial and lateral plantar branches to
muscles of sole of foot; sural branch supplies skin on lateral side of
leg and foot
Common peroneal portion Biceps femoris muscle (short head) and via deep peroneal branch:
tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum
longus, peroneus tertius, and extensor digitorum brevis muscles;
skin over cleft between first and second toes. The superficial
peroneal branch supplies the peroneus longus and brevis muscles
and skin over lower third of anterior surface of leg and dorsum of
foot
Pudendal nerve Muscles of perineum including the external anal sphincter, mucous
membrane of lower half of anal canal, perianal skin, skin of penis,
scrotum, clitoris, and labia majora and minora
Branches Distribution
Iliohypogastric nerve External oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis muscles
of anterior abdominal wall; skin over lower anterior abdominal wall
and buttock
Ilioinguinal nerve External oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis muscles
of anterior abdominal wall; skin of upper medial aspect of thigh;
root of penis and scrotum in the male; mons pubis and labia
majora in the female
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh Skin of anterior and lateral surfaces of the thigh
Genitofemoral nerve (L1, 2) Cremaster muscle in scrotum in male; skin over anterior surface of
thigh; nervous pathway for cremasteric reflex
Femoral nerve (L2, 3, 4) Iliacus, pectineus, sartorius, quadriceps femoris muscles, and
intermediate cutaneous branches to the skin of the anterior surface
of the thigh and by saphenous branch to the skin of the medial side
of the leg and foot; articular branches to hip and knee joints
Obturator nerve (L2, 3, 4) Gracilis, adductor brevis, adductor longus, obturator externus,
pectineus, adductor magnus (adductor portion), and skin on medial
surface of thigh; articular branches to hip and knee joints
Segmental branches Quadratus lumborum and psoas muscles
Back
Muscles Connecting the Upper limb to the Vertebral Column/ Superficial (Appendicular) Group of Back Muscles
*Trapezius
*Latissimus Dorsi
*Levator Scapulae
*Rhomboid Major
*Rhomboid Minor
SpinoTransversales Muscles
Iliocostalis Thoracis Angles of the lower 6 ribs Angles of the upper 6 ribs and
the transverse process of C7
Levatores Costarum Short paired muscles The rib below vertebra Contraction elevates
arising from transverse of origin near tubercle rib
processes of C7 to T11
Rectus Capitis Posterior tubercle Medial portion of Posterior ramus Extension of head
Posterior Minor of atlas (C1) occipital bone of C1
below inferior
nuchal line
Thorax
Muscles Connecting the Upper Limb to the Thoracic Wall/ Muscles of the Pectoral Region (except Serratus
Anterior)
*Pectoralis Major
*Subclavius
*Pectoralis Minor
Diaphragm (most Xiphoid process; Central tendon Phrenic nerve Very important
important muscle lower six costal muscle of
of respiration) cartilages, first inspiration;
three lumbar increases vertical
vertebrae diameter of
thorax by pulling
central tendon
downward;
assists in raising
lower ribs. Also
used in
abdominal
straining and
weight lifting
Levatores Tip of transverse Rib below Posterior rami of Raises ribs and
Costarum (12) process of C7 thoracic spinal therefore
and T1-11 nerves inspiratory
vertebrae muscles
Serratus
Posterior
Superior
(see Intermediate (Respiratory) Group of Back Muscles)
Serratus
Posterior Inferior