Analysis of Factors Affecting Study Habits of BS Criminology Students and its

Impact to Academic Performance

Problem and its Background

Introduction

In recent years, a student's ability to establish a systematic, daily study pattern has

become increasingly vital. If people study at the same period each day and week,

learning would become a routine part of life. Habit is part of the routine; it is a

person's pattern, which he or she follows in all circumstances. It is unchangeable; it

can be beneficial or terrible. It is unaffected by changes in locations or schedules. A

habit is something that is performed on a frequent, planned, and scheduled basis and

is not relegated to a secondary or optional role in one's life. It is simply carried out,

with no doubts, justifications, or aspirations. Buying out a committed scheduled and

un-interrupted time to apply oneself to the goal of learning is what a study habit is.

Therefore without, one does not develop and becomes self-contained (Gonzalez,

1997). Study habits reveal how much a person will learn, how far he wants to go, and

how much money he wants to make. All of these things can be determined throughout

one's life by one's study habits. The significance of study habits in a student's life is

that they play a big part in their academic progress, because no one can succeed

without studying. Students should employ a variety of approaches when studying in

order to achieve positive results. Every student, as we all know, has various study

habits. Some kids can study in a crowded area, while others prefer a quiet

environment (Sadia, 2005).

Introduction Bachelor of Science in Criminology is a 4-year degree course that

study crime including its causes, response by law enforcement and methods of
prevention. The professional subjects include criminal law and jurisprudence, law

enforcement administration, criminalistics, criminal sociology, correctional

administration and, crime detection and investigation. After graduation, the graduate

must take the licensure examination set by Professional Regulation Commission to

certify their practice as criminologist Criminology students were known as

industrious, resourceful and able to obey school’s rules and regulations, and

instructions from professors. As future law enforcers, criminology students develop

their integrity and discipline. In contrast, there are much negative connotations about

criminology students such as cutting classes, being noisy, bullying the other students,

drinking alcohol and taking cigarettes instead attending classes.

Academic performance is anything students accomplish in class, in a

laboratory, in the library, or in field work at school, college, or university. A

significant academic success is graduating first in one's class, which is often just a

numeric matter, while having the conclusions of extensive, comprehensive research

published in a respected publication (Ansari 1983). When students are accepted into a

university, most are unaware of the educational standards. Most of them have

traditional tendencies of seeking information at first, using the same classic

approaches, but after a while they understand that the traditional techniques are no

longer effective.

Background of the Study

Some may believe that learning for excellent grades is an ability that only a

few pupils possess. External circumstances, on the other hand, may have discouraged

BS Criminology students from studying more effectively and achieving the greatest

outcomes. People believe that self-discipline and willpower are the keys to BS
Criminology students' learning effectiveness. However, it should not be scared to

offer "excuses" for why a student is unable to study to their full potential. Keep in

mind that these reasons could be valid, and it's up to the pupils to figure out what's

causing them and how to solve the situation.

Students with learning disabilities, according to Marc (2011), may nonetheless

have inefficient and unproductive study habits and skills. Students can comprehend

why they feel irritated with popular study approaches by becoming aware of their

learning patterns or styles. He believes that strong study habits are crucial to academic

success because they contribute to a bright future academically. Good study habits

lead to good marks, which lead to admittance to better colleges and institutions,

potentially with a scholarship thrown in for good measure. As a result, you'll have a

fantastic career. Marc believes that developing strong study habits is critical for all

students, regardless of their educational level. It helps students become more self-

disciplined, self-directed, and successful in their degree programs.

The purpose of this study is to know the factors affecting study habits of BS

Criminology Students and it’s impact to academic performance. This study also aims

to provide recommendations and suggestions to students in order for them to gain a

better understanding of the factors affecting BS Criminology students' study habits

and their impact on academic performance, as well as to encourage more students to

pursue their future career despite the various factors that may affect their studies in

the industry.

Theoretical Framework

Bandura's (1977a, 1986) Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), also known as

Social Learning Theory, is a major divergence from behaviorist learning theory,

which has affected educational practice for years. A person's conduct, according to

SCT, is the result of a decision to act based on cognitively processed knowledge about

the self, the two surroundings, and the likely consequences of the behavior. In contrast

to behaviorism's stimulus/response premise, social cognition theory proposes that a

person's activities and environment both shape and are shaped by them. Triadic

reciprocity is how Bandura describes this mutual influence (Bandura, 1977a, 1986).

Direct (experiential), vicarious (observational), and symbolic information are

all processed centrally during learning. The majority of human behavior, including

self-modeling, is taught through modeling (conscious or unconscious observation of

behaviour). Before undertaking an activity, one can understand roughly what to do

based on modeled behavior. The ability to learn from others' experiences through

observation eliminates the need for each individual to go through the trial and error

process. It also allows information that isn't immediately required or appropriate to be

saved for later use. Many talents that are learnt through observation are later mastered

through enactment. However, qualities of both the learner and the skill to be acquired

limit or improve the ability to learn via observation. The accuracy and completeness

of the observer's mental image of the behavior, the closeness of the attempted activity

to the mental image, and the types of judgments made about the attempt are all

influenced by the observer's and modeled event's attributes.

Attentional, retentional, production, and motivational are the four cognitive

subprocesses that control observational learning, according to Bandura (Bandura,

1977a, 1986). Enactive learning is learning that occurs as a result of direct experience.

Many of the cognitive and behavioral processes gained through niodeling are reHned

and polished by experience. The medium for translating factual and procedural

information into skillful action is physical enactment. The practice of pattern

matching is used to develop performance skills. Enactive learning also allows for a

unique sort of observational learning called self modeling.

Attentional, retentional, production, and motivational are the four cognitive

subprocesses that control observational learning, according to Bandura (Bandura,

1977a, 1986). Enactive learning is learning that occurs as a result of direct experience.

Many of the cognitive and behavioral processes gained through niodeling are reHned

and polished by experience. The medium for translating factual and procedural

information into skillful action is physical enactment. The practice of pattern

matching is used to develop performance skills. Enactive learning also allows for a

unique sort of observational learning called self modeling. Individuals can believe that

a given course of action will achieve specific outcomes, but if they have severe doubts

about their ability to complete the required actions, such information has no bearing

on their conduct" (p. 193). The expected outcome of the conduct and one's sense of

capacity to perform are stronger predictors of behavior than the actual outcome or

skill due to cognitive processing (Bandura, 1982). Bandura claims that a person's

impression of self-efficacy, or efficacy expectation, is the most important factor in

predicting whether or not they would engage in a particular behavior. Self-efficacy

judgments impact a person's choice of activities and environmental settings, the

amount of effort they expend, and their tenacity in the face of hurdles and negative

experiences when given appropriate incentive and pre-requisite subskills (Bandura

1977b).

Conceptual Framework

Independent and dependent Variables will be used by the researchers. This

will be used to envision how information and data will be gathered and processed
 correctly. The age, gender, monthly family income, grade point average, parent's

highest educational attainment, and educational resources at home comprise the first

section of the independent variables. The second part is to figure out how respondents

feel about the economic, social, and institutional aspects that influence BS

Criminology students' study habits. The dependent variable is the academic

performance of BS Criminology students.

Research Paradigm

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

I. Respondent’s profile in
terms of:
 Age
 Gender
 Monthly family income Academic Performance of
 Grade point average BS Criminology students
 Parent's highest educational
attainment; and
 Educational resources at
home
II. Perception of the

respondents on the factors

affecting the study habits

of BS Criminology

students, with regards:

 economic factors;

 social factors; and

 institutional factors
Figure 1

Shows the relationship between the independent and dependent variables

Statement of the Problem

The research entitled: Analysis of Factors Affecting Study Habits of BS

Criminology Students and it’s Impact to Academic Performance.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of respondents in terms of:

1.1 age;

1.2 gender;

1.3 monthly family income;

1.4 grade point average;

1.5 parent’s highest educational attainment; and

1.6 educational resources at home?

2. To what extent is the perception of the respondents on the factors affecting the

study habits of BS Criminology students, with regards:

2.1. economic factors;

2.2. social factors; and

2.3. institutional factors?

3. Is there a significant relationship between the profile of respondents and their

perception of the factors affecting the study habits of BS Criminology students?

4. Is there a significant difference between the perception of the respondents on the

factors affecting study habits of BS Criminology students when grouped according to

profile?
 5. What is the impact on academic performance and the institution's teaching

methodology?

Hypothesis

1. There is no significant relationship between the profile of the respondents

and academic performance of BS Criminology students.

2. There is no significant relationship between perception of the respondents

on the factors affecting the study habits of BS Criminology students, with

regards to economic factors; social factors; and institutional factors to the

promotion of academic performance of BS Criminology students.

Significance of the Study

Study habits assist students in better understanding their subjects and making

their learning experience more comfortable and pleasurable. A student's study habits

are crucial since they will aid in the improvement of their academic learning and

skills. A study habit is a combination of study approach and skill that describes an

individual's behavior when it comes to studying. To put it another way, study habits

are behaviors and skills that can boost motivation and turn studying into a productive

activity with high returns, resulting in increased learning.

The study's major purpose is to analyze factors affecting study habits of BS

Criminology Students and it’s impact to academic performance.

For the future researchers, this will help as their guide in conducting

research related to the field of assessment, travel and tourism industry.

Benefiting the study are the various sectors as follows:

 Academic Institution. This research will assist the academic institution in

developing a more effective study routine. It will address the aspects that satisfy

students and impact their decision to follow a study pattern.

Future researchers. The concepts presented could be utilized as a starting

point for new study or to verify the validity of existing relevant discoveries. This

study will also serve as a cross-reference, providing them with background or an

overview of the factors influencing BS Criminology students' study habits and their

impact on academic success.

Respondents. Upon researching factors impacting BS Criminology students'

study habits and their impact on academic success, the study's findings will assist

them in making their learning decisions.

BS Criminology Department. This research will aid them in identifying the

positive and negative aspects that influence the study habits of BS Criminology

students and their impact on academic success. It will assist students in improving

their study habits and resolving any potential study issues.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The purpose of this study was to look into the elements that influence BS
Criminology students' study habits and how they affect their academic success in the
midst of pandemic. The academic performance of BS Criminology students will also
be investigated. A total of 100 people from Tanauan Institute's BS Criminology will
be the respondents.

Definition of Terms
 This study focuses on the analysis of factors affecting study habits of BS

Criminology Students and it’s impact to academic performance. Here are a few key

words to help you grasp the contents of this research study:

Academic Performance. It is an indicator of a student's achievement in several

academic courses. It is everything that students do in school, in a facility, at the

library, or on excursions at their high school, college, or university.

Economic Factors. It is the one that can impact a person's finances. School,

occupational status, and revenue are among them.

Impact. It denotes a huge effect on anyone or anything.

Institutional Factors. Organizational prestige is a proven institutional

component that influences academic career. Undergraduate or graduate education at a

prestigious organization has been found to be a good predictor of future academic

employment and promotion (Gaughan & Robin, 2004). (Long et al., 1993).

Social Factors. It determines what is socially attractive including the character

composition of a people, that determines how each individual deems personally

appealing in others.

Study Habits. It is something which is done on a regular, organized, and planned

manner in one's life.

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