Experiment 4

1-09-2021

Aviral Singh
19BEI0067

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 Circuit Diagram – Load test on Single Phase Transformer

NAME PLATE DETAILS: Power:

Primary Voltage: Py. Short Circuit Current:
Secondary Voltage: Sec. Short Circuit Current:

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Circuit Diagram/Simuling Model - Matlab – Load Test on Single Phase Transformer

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Exp. No. 4 Date: 01-Sep-2021

LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

Aim
To determine the percentage efficiency and percentage regulation of the given single phase transformer by performing a suitable load test.
Apparatus Required

S.NO NAME TYPE RANGE Qty.

1 Ammeter MC (0-10)A 2

2 Voltmeter MC (0-500)V 2

3 Wattmeter LPF 300V, 10A 2

THEORY
A transformer is a static (stationary) piece of apparatus by means of which electric power in one circuit is transformed into electric power of the
same frequency in another circuit. It can raise or lower the voltage in a circuit but with a corresponding decrease or increase in current. The
physical basis of a transformer is mutual induction between two circuits linked by a common magnetic flux. Primary and secondary coils are
wound upon the two cores of the magnetic frame, linked by the common magnetic flux. When an alternating voltage is applied across the
primary coil, a current flows in it, producing the magnetic flux in the transformer core. As per faraday’s laws of electro-magnetic induction, a
statically self induced emf is setup in the primary coil.i.e.

dφ
Ep = - Np
dt
Similarly, statically mutual induced emf setup in the secondary coil is given by,
dφ
Es = - Ns
dt

Where Np and Ns are the number of turns in the primary and secondary coils respectively and φ the common flux linking both the windings.

Formulas
Load test:

Performance of the transformer can be determined as follows from the observations of load test.
Power input to the transformer = W1 (reading of wattmeter)
Power output of the transformer = W2 (reading of wattmeter)
Ws
Thus, efficiency at a particular load, η = W X 100
p

No load voltage across secondary = V02

Terminal voltage across secondary at a particular load = Vs

V02 − Vs
Then, regulation of the transformer at that load %R =    × 100
Vs
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Model Graph

% η Vs OUTPUT POWER

% Regn Vs OUTPUT POWER

%

LOAD CURRENT
Fig -2 (OR)
OUTPUT POWER

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TABULAR COLUMN

Load PRIMARY SIDE SECONDARY SIDE % EFFICIENCY % REGULATION

S.NO. Resistance WS V02 − Vs
ƞ=  × 100 %R =     × 100
VP IP WP VS IS WS WP Vs

1. Open Circuited 230 0.05215 5.293 115 = V02 0 0 0 0

2. 100 ohms 230 0.5903 135.3 113.1 1.131 127.9 94.53 1.68

3. 90 ohms 230 0.6518 149.5 112.9 1.254 141.6 94.71 1.86

4. 80 ohms 230 0.7284 167.2 112.6 1.408 158.6 94.86 2.13

5. 70 ohms 230 0.8265 189.8 112.3 1.605 180.2 94.94 2.40

6. 60 ohms 230 0.9564 219.7 111.9 1.865 208.7 94.99 2.77

7. 50 ohms 230 1.137 261.2 111.3 2.226 247.8 94.86 3.32

40 ohms 1.404 322.7 110.4 2.76 304.8 94.45 4.17

230
30 ohms 1.84 422.9 109 3.633 395.9 93.16 5.50
230

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20 ohms 2.678 615.9 106.2 5.31 564 91.57 8.28
230
10 ohms 230 4.957 1140 98.69 9.869 973.9 85.43 16.53

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PRECAUTIONS

Before starting and after completion of the experiment

1. The single phase AC power supply should be in off position.

2. The 1- φ auto transformer should be kept at minimum potential position.
3. The AC breaker and isolator switch should be in off position.
4. There should not be any load on the transformer at the beginning of the experiment.

PROCEDURE (real time hardware experiment)

1. The connections are made as shown in (Fig – 1) circuit diagram.

2. Switch on the single phase AC power supply, AC breaker and AC isolator switch.
3. Adjust the single phase auto-transformer the primary winding is supplied with its rated voltage from the name plate details.
4. All the meter readings are noted.
5. The loads are included in steps.
6. The corresponding meter readings are noted for each load conditions.
7. The primary side voltage is adjusted to read its rated value and is maintained constant throughout the experiment.
8. Loading is done till the maximum allowed current is reached in the secondary side.

PROCEDURE (Matlab/Simulink)

1. Open the Matlab/Simulink model

2. Add powergui block and change the time to discrete 5e-5 s

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 3. Open the Simulink library browser and add the following blocks to Simulink Model
a. Linear Transformer
b. AC Voltage Source
c. Series RLC Branch
d. Multimeter
e. Power Measurement
f. RMS, Scope and Display
4. Connect as shown in the circuit Diagram
5. Feed the parameters as per the rating
6. Increase the load step by step and record the readings in your notebook
7. Calculate the efficiency and regulation for each reading
8. Plot the graph

RESULT / Inference

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