Conditional Sentences

Today we will learn about a special type of sentences "Conditional Sentences".

In Conditional Sentences, one part states about certain conditions, and
another main part describes about completion or non completion of the
condition. In grammatical words, conditional sentences have two clauses:

(1) 'IF Clause' -which states about condition and

(2) 'Main / Principal Clause' -which describes completion or non completion of
the condition.
'If Clause' in Present Tense or Future Tense

• The part of sentence which states condition i.e. 'If Clause' is

translated in Present Tense whether it is of Present Tense or Future
Tense. Principal clause can be either of present or future. In such
Conditional sentences, Future Tense is used only once and that is in
Principal clause
 Use Of Imperative Sentence in 1st conditional
Examples
If you finish painting the bedroom, start the bathroom.
If you arrive on time, come to the meeting.
If it rains, take an umbrella.
If the food is cold, put it in the microwave.
Ask your teacher if you can’t find the answer
If you've done the dishes, please mop the floor.
 Modals in the first conditional

If you ask George, he may/might be able to help you. (possibility)

You can/may leave the room if you've finished the test. (permission)
If he doesn't come soon, we must / will have to leave without him. (obligation)
If you ever go to Chicago, you should take a boat trip on the river. (suggestion)
If you don't watch your steps, you are going to fall over. (prediction)
 Present perfect in the first conditional

The present perfect in the if-clause of a sentence in the first conditional emphasizes that
one action depends on the completion of another:
If I've finished writing my paper by tonight, I'll go out with my friends.
If you have finished lunch, driver will pick you up.
If you have completed your work, I will let you rest.
 Present continuous in the first conditional

The present continuous can be used in the if-clause of a sentence in the first conditional to refer to a present action
or a future arrangement:
If you are looking for Molly, you'll find her upstairs in her room. (present action)
If you are staying for the weekend, we'll go to the cinema. (future arrangement)
If you are looking for me, you will find me in library.
If you are going to buy a car, you will easily find in Chishtian Car Centre.
• We can use be going to in the if-clause to express intention:
• f you are going to speak like that, you'll have to leave.
Modals in the second conditional

Main clause
We can use modals other than would in the main clause of a sentence in the second conditional:
If no one was late, we could start the meeting on time. (ability)
If you asked George, he might be able to help you. (possibility)
If you go to office, please take my salary.
If you keep petrol in open, it evaporates.
If there is a shortage of anything, its price goes up.
If it rains, he will remain at home.
If you make haste, you will catch the train.
If you do exercise daily, you keep yourself fit.
If fog gets thicker, flights get late.
If you go on foot, you will reach late.
 'If Clause' in Past Tense
'If Clause' is in Past Tense using auxiliary verb 'Had' (I had an umbrella), and Main
Clause describes about something which was to happen or expected to happen but
has not happened, 'Would' is used in Principal Clause.

If I had a car, I would give it to you.(But I have not a car)

If my friend had money, he would surely give me.(But he has not money)
If they had thief in their custody, they would surely inform me.(But the thief is not in their custody)
'If Clause' is in Past Indefinite and Main Clause is also in Past Indefinite. Such
sentences indicate that second action has happend habitually/automatically. Ist part
-If + Past Indefinite Tense and Main part is also in Past Indefinite Tense

If anybody teased him, he killed him.

If teacher interrupted him, he ran.
If you beat children in London, they went to Police
 2nd conditional
'If Clause' is in Past Indefinite and Main Clause expresses about future action. In such
sentences, past tense of 'If Clause' is not actual past time or past action. 'If Clause' -
If + Past Indefinite Tense and Main Clause - ..Would + Verb (Ist Form) used for
translating sentence

If he took my name, I would not leave him.(but I don’t expect that he will take my name.)
If that boy came into my room, I would shout loudly.
If he dyed his hair black at this age, everyone would laugh at him.
If you did not accept my proposal of marriage ceremony, I would merry never.
'If Clause' is in past perfect tense(3rd Conditional)
In such a sentence,If+Past perfect tense is also used in If clause and would have +3rd
form of verb is used in principal clause.

Had I controlled myself, I would have slapped him.

Had they invited me, I would have joined the party.
Had he tried to cheat me, I would have broken with him.
Had our king shown some farsightedness, he would have taken the world in our domination.
Had I received the news earlier, I would have never allowed him to go to sea shore.
In the above type of sentences, 'If + Subject + Had....' in 'If Clause' can
be replaced by 'Had + Subject....'. The meaning of both remains same.

Had I controlled myself, I would have slapped him.

Had they invited me, I would have joined the party.
Had he tried to cheat me, I would have broken with him.
Had our king shown some farsightedness, he would have taken the world in our domination.
Had I received the news earlier, I would have never allowed him to go to sea shore.
Thank you