A Masterpiece Is Never Created By A Lazy Artist

form 4 biology

ms sara khan

~1~

 Set soma vs
gamet
set biasa selpemblakan

dir
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Csuapimmbdiakan
set Epitelium
mat
skcmepfffeeiae.eu gametes
selsoma
eggcell creprocfggaue
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tf
i
2h
stet 44 1 XX
catutosome
t

Kromosom
chromosome

XX

female karyotype
male karyotype Ckaryotip
Ekaryotip
 Oh

testis

22 X x

23
Jo X
haploid 22 Y
a

My

owari
fax

22 X

DNA
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 i

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Chromatin chromatid
Chromatin Chromatid

MMentime
sister Homologous
chromatid chromosome
Chromosome
kromatid
Kembar Homolog
MITOSIS ME O SISI
 PEMBA HAG AN
SEL

Er
Th

s
finite'mcell mat
gametes
epithelial see soma

MITOSIS MEIOSIS

d
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3
2
f daughter cell
 CPerubdhagian set
cell division

Mitosis meiosis

repair wound damage To produce gametes

membalki set rosak cells Cuntukmenghusilkanigamet
replace dead cells To produce variation
Mati
menggantikan set Cuntuk Menfhasilkar variasi
grow more number To produce different
of cells cell
metrambah bilangan del
To produce cell's with
Build specialise cells
Cmenghasilkon set Khusus genetic variation
A sexual reproduction
pembiakanaseks
To produce identical cell primary
spermatocyte
To produce identical genetic
gyu

epithelial
an 1111
If spermatid

epithelial

wound
1 u f
skin scab

d
 kitaran set

cell cycle

of Interfasa
Replication
DNA RNA Interphase
in m
91 Carowth 1
proteffnesised S Engine
ptritiin
s synthesis
stint'atin synthesised
get D 92 Growth as
metre a p it
Iho t't ethnicities
chromosome

gym mitosis 42
PM AT
M phase

interfuse
interphase
91
cell
S
cycle 92
kitaran
set Fasa M
M phase metatara
Mitosis
Metaphase

cytokinesis Telophase Clelofass

sitokinesis
 profasa profasa
awal akhir pegging MITOSIS
Do styethula
Menghilang pygerending

h
Itmendek JAM kembar
tersusun
secara
sentriol rawak
mulabergerak
ke Katubbertentangan

ftp.jjiggg
metafasa

Khatulistwaterbentrok

Kombat

ditgh satan
sentromer satan
dghmelekat di

Pencemtan
ÉÉÉ gentian getendung
berlaku
kromatid Kembar
berpisah dan
z g kromatid bergerak
ke
Kutub masing

Telofasa pencentan dan

sitoplasma
membran
set
8 t
to1
simian
mula
88 Kembali
kromatid
I
lurah set
mula
berling Kar
Alur
menjadikoomatin
sigaran
 Early
for spindle
F
to
start
disappear D fibre

condenses
EYIGIET.mn arrange
to become themselves
centriole shorter
i randomly
Mffetopposite pole and thicker

metaphase
equator metaphase
plate

themselves
arrange
on the plate with
centromere
middle
attached In the

i spindle fibre
the
causes
plate split
to

sister chromatidsplit
opposite pole

Telophase formation of
cleavage
y furrow

g f 8 reappearance

É
of cell
g g ÉÉÉ structure
chromatid
J uncoil
themselves
contriction of membrane
 cytokinesis
Animal cell
sigaran
gain
cleavagefmyow

s
s
A 868
I 88

I
mightiest
i i
i
EP
i s
É s

product
of cytokinesis
hasil dan sitokinesis

Velika
Sel tumbuhan Vembesan
secretoryvesicle

DÉI
golgi apparatus

Plant set SER Jet

 33
8

III
III e
an

cellulose
Selulosa

ve
bes an

I
HE
 Meiosis

fmY Thetaphase I common

prophase gygmmgnog.is tergfastfatah

tetrad
charmosome
valent
mini
form arranged
ni themselves
on theequator
Mi plate
pairs
crossing

I
Anaphase 1 Telophase l

Iffy
iii i
i
poles g yegg
is

chromosome

Hiiiii pindah
Silang

ofgenetic
segment
exchange DNA
the
material at segmen
DNA
of
pertukavangenpada
 retinitis

iiiaii.siaIqitinnmna ready
forsecond
division
an Theggia
MeiosisII

FB p My
prophase

N'Yo
chromosome
arrange
randomly can
tart
metaphase

it chromosome
arranged themselve
nose
Y
on theequator
plate with centromere Fujita
attach in themiddle
Anaphase

Etf B q chumosomebreak Its

and getseparated cawmosombepisah

to moveto
telophase in
opposite pole 44
14
i
i t
i sq it iii
Disadvantage
of Mitosis
CKebumkah mitosis

tnx
mutating
Kanser
growth at oneplace
Benign
set Kanser at
Pada sate temp
malignan
Kans er
bergerak
set melalui
me rata
pada sa lur
organ darah
become
can grow and diff
at places
bigger

Advantages
of mitosis
 pengklonan
donning

FA FA
male
female

th
xp 420
male
Ey
fsomatic Diao WAY
50
40 female 94
gamete haploid
diploid cell gamete set Soma
Cselgamet set soma selgamet

female
male
Remove
female
somatic Remove gamete cytoplasm
cell the se gamey
set Soma nucleus
407
Diploid

ads
Innucleus nucleus
40
diploid darisel sitoplasma
soma dan gamet
 genetic fusion

if

Hada
nucleus
f least
diploid
dari set sitoplasma

1
soma dan gamet

too diploid

1
A
08 embrio

FIEF penempelan
 sitoplasma nucleus
dan dan se
set soma
telur diploid
takde
knmosan

finndorset

Cembrio

butumblangan

Ikutmuka
finndaset
 Tissue
culture

ji ftp aim
DD
B
DD

calkscallus

fÉ É'mpletaeratanient p

plant
mitosis

I
nutrien
embryo
knop's solution Cambria

growth medium

et
Ef'm P'Yate
na

Aseksual Seksual

Mitosis meiosis

certain plants human plants

animals
microorganism
advantage Disadvantage

cepat tiada variasi

banyak ketahanan terhadap
rendah
penyalat
 p y

Disadvantage
in Meiosis
mutation

mutasi
Krom o som

mutasi
gen

EEE x
auto som Q
Kumo som
se ks
DNA

chromosomal mutation

Muta si
Kro mo som
Down syndrome

Sindrom down 47

tenebih satu kromosom

no y g ke 21
pada
extra one chromosome
on the sest number

ka can autosom
lid ah terjelin
terencat akal mata se pet
mentally retarded slanted eyes protuding tonge
Sindrom klenefelter 47
Cklenefelter syndrome
terlebih Satu kromosom
pada 1seksual on sex chromosome
extra chromosome

XY XX
lelaki perempuan

44 XXYMklenefelter

Turner syndrome
Sindrom Turner 45

satu kromosom
Terkurang selesual
pada bahagian
chromosome
less I chromosome on sexual

44T X

masalah pada pertumbuhan

seksual sekunder
problem with secondary sexual growth
 alfa
protein
helix
p
FIT
a
genetik

Adenine Thymine
Guanine
cytosine

DNA

Mutasi Gen

Buta warn a

Hemofilia

Talasmea

Sickle cell Anemia

Albino
A Masterpiece Is Never Created By A Lazy Artist

~2~
 A Masterpiece Is Never Created By A Lazy Artist

dissapear
reform
daughter two
mitosis meiosis

hilang terbentuk
semula

anak
dua mitosis
meiosis
end
animal form

two daughter
plate divide

akhir
halwa
terbentuk
dua anak

memisahken
plat

pembahgion hullers yg bedaka semasa

Kariokinen's melibation

fasa mitosis ataumeion's Sitokinesis pula adalah pembahagian

membranedan sitsplasma set yg benaka selepas nucleus
membahagi karyokinesis involves division of nucleus which
takeplase during the phases in mitosis or merch's
membrane
Cytokines's is a division of cell's has
and cytoplasm after nucleusdin's ios
complete its ~ 3 ~
 A Masterpiece Is Never Created By A Lazy Artist

as

if

13

chromosome
chromatin interphase simplest form of
chromosome celldivision chromatin that goes through
condensation
to become thicker and shorter
knmatin Intertasa twomosan yg palingn'ngka s
Komosun pemba telah
hagion set bebena ng ka matin gg
der
menebal den meinen
~4~
A Masterpiece Is Never Created By A Lazy Artist

~5~
 A Masterpiece Is Never Created By A Lazy Artist

2
Growth phaseseemenerimatenasa
cellstarttogainenemy membanasi
readyfor celldivision basedauth

s phase I
Replication of DNA RNA
growth phase
proteinnew
synthesise of organelle

replikasiDNA RNA
Kwmatinappears
sinter'sproteindanorsendbam
chromosome dim Kaden kwmatin

metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Metafasa Arafura Cielofass

~6~
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Shorter visible
memendek delihat
dissapear
disintegrates
menghilang mengumi
form
opposite
tethasil
bertentangan

equator
Khatulishwa
are attached inthemiddle
melekstditghsatah

respective
masily

equal

Sama

dissapear
menshilars
reappear
Kemba
Uncoil
simplestform
temrai
ringkas

~7~
 A Masterpiece Is Never Created By A Lazy Artist

plate
furrow
cleavage
platsel

alur sigaran plasma

two
two
membraneplasma

dua dua

settombthan tidal mempungs sentialtetapi

Plantcellsdonot havecentriole buttlanimatalthievedhentidintratiide its
plasma membrane Plant allalso is harderto divide due to its presenceof
cell wall which is tough madeup from carbohydrates
settombthen jugs mempungni
dindog yg that diperbuat don kab
chitchat

wakalebon susan utkmembaha.si

Perkembangan em brio
Pertmbchan organisms

Penyembuhan Inka
Penjanaon semula
Pembiakon Ascks organisms

~8~
 A Masterpiece Is Never Created By A Lazy Artist

bet no
O ganef

Interfusa

~9~
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syenispembahagion set yg akon menghasilkon gamet Ia

Manya benaka di organ pembialcan Its a typeof cell division
which produces gamete in reproductive organ

until menshasillon gamet yg akan mewnjudkon van'asi

To produce gamete which will create variation in an
organism

shorter
visible
memendek Kelihat h

bivalent
synapsis
bivalen
enangselhapsis
crossing over
bertukar
pindahsilang
chiasma

Masmata

~ 10 ~
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pair
stent metaphase

pasangan
metatasa
divide
berpisah

opposite
bertentangan

haploid

haploid

dissapear
menghilang

reappear
rembali
disintegrate
mengurai
forms
the opposite
terbentuk
bestentangen

~ 11 ~
 A Masterpiece Is Never Created By A Lazy Artist

randomly
equatephase
rawak metatasa
spindlefibre
centromere
gentian
gelendung
sentromer

centromere
sentromer
opposite
cell
set
bettentangan

reform
terbentik semula
breakdown
temrai
four

em
part

gametes
gamet

a Kormoson
I metatasa I penukaran genetic an tar
pindah Silang Profasa
maternal dan paternal
susunan rawat Kamosoon dim fuss I
an Caleta
passing
bukan on Coretta II
parang

~ 12 ~
 A Masterpiece Is Never Created By A Lazy Artist

cinterfusa
sekali sekali
conces
mengginikanselman
menghasilken gamet
pertmbulen 70producegamete
replacement grouthofalls
Tada ya
No Yes
sekali dua Kali
once twice

Tada Yacprofasa I
I
no yesduringprophase
Cildak AnafsaI Cno AnaphonI
Ya
Ya Anata yes Anaphase
eyes
Dua
two
empat
four

~ 13 ~
 A Masterpiece Is Never Created By A Lazy Artist

slanted
eyes

normal 46
48
47
0

~ 14 ~
 A Masterpiece Is Never Created By A Lazy Artist

dah
d
overall
lebar
slanted
y tiada leber
eyes

Sindrom Down Down syndrome

Mata sepet slanted eyes

Dahi lebar luas wide forehead
leher lebar pended short neck

Apablla set normal mensalamipembahan pads genetik DNA Sel akan mula
membahagi secara tidal takawal mitosis tidal teakawal
In menyebableen set menjadi banyak don kadar biasa
Set biasa mula dekenali sebagai set Kanser
when normal cells has changes in its genetic DNA The cell will
start to divide through mitosis with control This will increase
the number of cells from normal to abnormal rate The normal
cell will be known as cancerous cell once the division
changes

~ 15 ~
 A Masterpiece Is Never Created By A Lazy Artist

NOTES :

meiosis I
persamaan antara mitosis
dan meiosis II

penakuan stutter
structural Behavior
meiosis I
perbezaaon antara mitosis
kromosan
perlakuaan
behavior
chromosomal

~ 16 ~
Identical twin non identical

to
22 7
To
22T Y
YY
o
XX

x
Do
o
f 44T Xy
22 Y
autxy