Conjunction:

Three kinds

1. Coordinate conj/ FANBOYS

FOR , AND, NOR , BUT, OR , YET, SO (7)

2. Paired conj.
Not only… but also, both…. And, neither… nor, either…. Or (4)etc

3. Subordinate conj.
When, before, after
Where, if , even though etc.

Clause is of two kinds namely independent and dependent.

1. Independent clause: complete sentence in itself and it doesn’t

need any other clause for the sake of completion of its meaning.

e.g. Faheem teaches English. Or She went to Dubai last night.

2. Dependent clause: incomplete sentence in itself and it needs

another independent clause for the sake of completion of its
meaning.

e.g. if she marries. Or when Asifa comes to class.

How to know whether a clause is dependent or independent?

Independent:

1. It doesn’t have any conjunction at the front.

e.g. He went home. Or she teaches grammar.

2. It has a coordinate conjunction/ FANBOYS

e.g. Ali was sick but he attended all his classes.

Dependent clause:

1. It always has a SUBORDINATE conj. At the front.

e.g. when Asifa comes to class. Or If Faheem leaves Pakistan.

Clause vs sentence

Clause (s+v) it may or may not give complete meaning; on the

other hand, a sentence always gives a complete meaning.
Sentence is made up of clauses.
e.g. she went. Or she studies.
e.g. she studies English. Or he went to school yesterday.

Ali was sick but he attended my wedding party.

While Faheem was coming home from National University of

Modern Languages last night on his bike, he accidently came
across his school mate so he took him for a cup of tea to an
expensive restaurant and paid the bill himself after which the
guest stayed at his home for the following four days and then left
for his village.