Directional Drilling - Manual D - Schlumberger

Student Guide
TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT
Introduction to Wellbore
Departure
September 2011
COURSE
INTRODUCTION TO WELLBORE
DEPARTURE
Course Objectives At the end of this course, you should be able to:
 Identify and explain the basic knowledge associated with a

wellbore departure job.
 Explain the role of the salesperson for a wellbore departure job.
Suggested
Pre-requisites  Not Applicable
Course Topics
Basic Knowledge
Whipstock Systems
Meeting Customer Requests
Appendix
Following Along in the Manual
When you see this on the screen:
You should see this in your manual:

Acronyms From This Book
API American Petroleum Institute
BHA Bottom Hole Assembly
BHT Bottom Hole Temperature
CRA Corrosion Resistant Alloy
DLS Dog Leg Severity
HWDP Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe
ID Inside Diameter
KOP Kick-Off Point
MWD Measurement While Drilling
NAMCBV Non-advancing Multi-cycle Bypass Valve
OD Outside Diameter
PDC Polycrystalline Diamond Composite
PDM Positive Displacement Motor

POOH Pull Out Of Hole
KOP Kick Off Point
QHSE Quality, Health, Safety, Environment
RFD Rig Floor Display
ROI Return on Investment
ROP Rate of Penetration
TCI Tungsten Carbide Inserts
TD Target Depth
UBHO Universal Bottom Hole Orienting (sub)
WOB Weight on Bit
WOM Weight on Mill

Basic Knowledge
CHAPTER 1
BASIC KNOWLEDGE
Chapter At the end of this section, you should be able to:

Objectives
 Identify two types of sidetracking and when each type is used
 Explain how a whipstock is oriented downhole before the anchor is set
 Explain the difference between the one-trip and two-trip sidetracking jobs
 Identify the major components in cased-hole and open-hole sidetracking
jobs
 Explain the function of the assembly components used in sidetracking
 Identify the three types of cutters used on a mill
 Identify the three types of mills and the applications they are best used in
 Identify the three types of whipstocks and the applications they are best
used in
 Identify the five ‘anchors’ used in a sidetracking job and the applications
each is best used in
 Explain the function of accessories used in a sidetracking job
 Explain the basic process of a sidetracking job
©2010 Schlumberger Introduction to Wellbore Departure Page 1

Chapter 1 – Basic Knowledge
Table of Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Wellbore Construction ............................................................................................................................................................. 5
What is a Sidetrack? ............................................................................................................................................................... 5
What are the Reasons for a Sidetrack?................................................................................................................................... 5
Orientation of the Whipstock ................................................................................................................................................... 7
Evolution of Wellbore Departure.............................................................................................................................................. 8
Two-Trip Sidetracking System................................................................................................................................................. 9
One-Trip Sidetracking System................................................................................................................................................. 9
Assembly Components ........................................................................................................................................................... 10
Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................ 10
Cased Hole and Open Hole................................................................................................................................................... 10
Anchors..................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................ 12
Mechanically Set Anchor ....................................................................................................................................................... 12
Hydraulically Set Anchor ....................................................................................................................................................... 12
Expandable Anchors ............................................................................................................................................................. 13
Permanent Packer (Anchor) .................................................................................................................................................. 13
Canfish Anchor ...................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Bridge Plug ............................................................................................................................................................................ 14
Whipstocks ............................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................ 15
Trackmaster Plus Whips........................................................................................................................................................ 15
Mid-Ramp .............................................................................................................................................................................. 16
Mill/Whip Hook-Up ................................................................................................................................................................. 17
Whip Selection Criteria .......................................................................................................................................................... 17
Mills ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................ 18
Cutter Technology ................................................................................................................................................................. 18
Roller Cone Bit (Open Hole) .................................................................................................................................................. 19
The Tri-Milling Assembly (Cased Hole) ................................................................................................................................. 20
Trackmaster Plus FasTrack Bi- and Tri-Mill .......................................................................................................................... 21
Trackmaster Plus Hard Formation Bi-Mill .............................................................................................................................. 22
Trackmaster Plus GeoTrack Mill ........................................................................................................................................... 22
Trackmaster Plus CRA Milling System .................................................................................................................................. 23
Center Point .......................................................................................................................................................................... 23

Mill Selection Criteria ............................................................................................................................................................. 23
Running Tool ......................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Orientation Devices ................................................................................................................................................................. 25
Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................ 25
The Non-Advancing Multi-Cycle Bypass Valve ..................................................................................................... 25
UBHO .................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
Drill Collars ............................................................................................................................................................................ 27
Drill Pipe or Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe ........................................................................................................................................... 27
Exercise: Whipstock Assembly Components ....................................................................................................................... 29
Accessories .............................................................................................................................................................................. 31
Debris Barrier ........................................................................................................................................................................ 31
Retrieval Tools ...................................................................................................................................................................... 31
Basic Sidetracking Steps ........................................................................................................................................................ 33
Run In Hole ........................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Orient the Whipstock ............................................................................................................................................................. 33
Set the Anchor....................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Free the Mill........................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Mill the Window ..................................................................................................................................................................... 35
Trackmaster Plus Profile Window.......................................................................................................................................... 35
Drill the Rathole ..................................................................................................................................................................... 36
Criteria for Successful Casing Exit ........................................................................................................................................ 36

Introduction
Wellbore Wellbore generally begin the same way. The land is cleared of any obstructions
Construction and leveled. The drill site is prepared and the main borehole is drilled. As each
part of the hole is drilled, casing is put into the hole and cemented into place. The
cement prevents the casing from moving as well as protects the formation from
hydrocarbons that will be produced from the
wellbore.
Deeper holes will typically be cased with a liner

instead of casing. A liner is less expensive than
casing and offers more flexibility. Liners, not
including slotted liners, are also cemented into
place. Liners are used closer to the target depth
(TD) than at the top of the wellbore; they are
also used more frequently in horizontal
applications.
After the wellbore is drill, it is perforated and

the well is produced. Production means that the
hydrocarbons are being removed from the
wellbore. Depending on the hydrocarbon and
the production area, it may be necessary to
stimulate the well to produce faster.
What is a Sidetracking is the practice of milling an exit window from an existing wellbore
Sidetrack? or casing, creating an alternate path around a wellbore obstruction or to help
enhance well production.
Historically, sidetracking required multiple trips to mill a useable window for the
next directional drilling assembly. The number of trips needed depended on the
sidetracking tool’s capability and performance, the downhole environment and
the comfort level of the drilling engineer.
What are the Performing a wellbore sidetrack is either due to a planned or unplanned event. An
Reasons for a unplanned event could be collapsed casing or an irretrievable fish. A planned
Sidetrack? event could include increasing production or drilling a multi-lateral. In an open
hole, a planned event would be to sidetrack as an alternative to using a cement
plug.

Unplanned Sidetrack
An unplanned event can occur during any time of the life of the well.
Sidetracking may be necessary when the wellbore is no longer viable due to an
obstruction; casing collapse or loss of an unstable open hole, and fishing or
recovery of the wellbore is not economically feasible.
Some factors affecting an unplanned sidetrack include the risk involved, time and
money. These factors will determine the best course for remediation of the well.
A sidetrack is not always the best option. The customer will need to determine
how to proceed once all the options have been presented.
Planned Sidetrack
A planned sidetrack is prepared and
known well in advance of being
performed. Sidetracking can be done
any time during or after the well is
drilled.
A well with low production is

sometimes enhanced by drilling a
sidetrack. In a well where production
has slowed, it is often possible to
sidetrack into the well vertically and
increase the production. This is
because more of the formation is open
for production or stimulation.
The type of hydrocarbon being

produced will determine the best place
to penetrate the formation. Penetrating
the formation along the top is better for
producing a lighter hydrocarbon such
as gas. Penetrating the middle of a formation is typically better for producing oil.
The amount of water in the well will affect where the well is penetrated. Since
water is heavier than hydrocarbons, a formation saturated with water will need to
be penetrated higher.
The expense of drilling a well makes multi-lateral drilling profitable for oil
companies. A multi-lateral well is one where there are horizontal wells
constructed off a main wellbore. Multi-laterals make it possible to produce
multiple formations through a single main bore. In cases where there are
restrictions on where locations can be built either due to environmental or legal
concerns, multiple wells can be drilled from a single location, thus reducing the
thumbprint of the drilling process.

Orientation of The whipstock bottom hole assembly (BHA) traveling
the Whipstock down a wellbore will rotate as it descends. Once the
assembly reaches TD, it may not be facing the direction of
the planned sidetrack. An orientation device needs to be
included in the BHA to identify the direction the whip is
facing before the anchor is set.
Orientation Devices
Orientation of any type of BHA is typically done with a measurement-while-
drilling (MWD) or gyroscope device.
The MWD can be utilized to orient whipstocks in either open hole or cased hole
applications. One of the benefits using an MWD is that it does not have to be
pulled out of hole (POOH) to complete the job. The MWD is attached above the
whipstock and is aligned to the whipstock’s face. Once the bottom hole assembly
(BHA) is run to the required depth, the MWD will provide toolface data so the
operator can correctly orient the whipstock.
A gyro uses the gyroscopic principle where a spinning wheel attempts to hold its
direction. Prior to running in the hole, the gyro is pointed in a known direction.
When the gyro is lowered into a universal borehole orientation (UBHO) sub it
continues to maintain its set direction. The toolface of the BHA can then be
determined with respect to the gyro’s direction.
Identifying Direction
An MWD works by using accelerometers (to measure
earth’s gravity) and magnetometers (to measure earth’s
magnetic field) to determine the tool’s orientation and
directional data while in the wellbore at a set location. The
information is transmitted to the surface by mud pulse
telemetry and displayed on the rig floor display (RFD). Azimuth
The exact orientation of a borehole is measured by azimuth

and inclination. Azimuth is the compass direction of the
wellbore and is measured when a directional survey is
taken. The azimuth is usually specified in degrees with
respect to the geographic or magnetic north pole. For
example, a measurement could be 5º north or 355º north.
Inclination
The inclination is the angle between the hole and the

horizontal measure of the vertical plane or the angle being
drilled from the vertical. The tool face is the indication of the
tool’s axis with respect to the “high side” of the hole. All of
these measurements are sent to the RFD.
Toolface

Mud Pulse Telemetry
MWDs transmit information via mud pulse
telemetry. Mud pulse telemetry uses the rigs
drilling mud to transmit data to the surface.
Once the MWD tool is in position to take a
survey, mud is pumped down the drill string
and through the tool.
Internal movement of a poppet into the pulsing

Rig Floor Display (RFD)
position creates the pulse. This allows high
pressure from above the stator to reach the front of the main piston while keeping
the lower pressure from below the stator on the opposite side of the main piston.
The pressure differential across the piston causes the main piston to move and
drive the main valve up into the pulse height sleeve, which creates a pulse.
Evolution of Over time, the technology surrounding wellbore departure has advanced from an
Wellbore expensive time consuming process to a possible one-trip, money saving
Departure operation.
 1950s-1960s—Section Milling
 A complete length of casing is removed
 1970s-1980s—Multi-Trip Window Milling
 Initial mill run followed by one or more lengthening runs
 1997—Trackmaster
 Reliable one-trip casing exit system
 2004—Trackmaster Plus
 Advanced technology servicing both simple and complex
applications

Two-Trip The two-trip sidetracking system is less expensive than using the Trackmaster
Sidetracking Plus, but it does take more time to do the two trips.
System
In the first run:
 Whipstock assembly is lowered into the

wellbore on the starter mill
 Oriented and set
 Starter mill is sheared from the assembly,
then used to initiate cut-out, then tripped out
of well
The second trip:
 The second milling assembly completes the

window and drills the rathole
 Assembly is tripped out of the hole
Run 1 Run 2
One-Trip The Trackmaster Plus system was designed to complete a job
Sidetracking with just one run. It can do everything from cutting out to
System drilling the rathole. The type of formation may affect the
Trackmaster Plus’s ability to accomplish this feat; very rarely
are two trips required to perform a job.
The advantages of the Trackmaster Plus:
 Eliminates multi-trip runs

 Aggressive initial ramp to ensure quick efficient cut
out
 Mid-whip ramp to reduce core problems and milling
time
 Full gauge mills to ensure full gauge window and
rathole

Assembly Components
Introduction A wellbore departure job can be performed in both cased and open holes. The
Trackmaster Plus system is designed as a cased hole sidetracking system, but is
successful when used in conjunction with the Hydraulic Set Expandable Anchor.
Open hole sizes where completions can be performed range from 6-1/8” to
12-¼”.
Cased Hole and There are many possible variations for sidetracking assemblies. For the purposes
Open Hole of this course, the two main assemblies are open hole and cased hole. This section
covers all of the tools to be found in either system.
Cased Hole
There are six major
components included in every
assembly. These tools also
happen to be the major
components in a cased hole.
 Bypass Valve
 Running Tool
 Drill Pipe
 Tri-Mill
 Whipstock
 Mechanical Anchor

Open Hole
An open hole system uses
slightly different tools to
complete a job.
 Expandable Anchor
 Open Hole Whipstock
 Roller Cone Bit
 Positive Displacement
Motor
 Running Tool
 Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe
 Non Advancing Multi-
cycle Bypass Valve

Anchors
Introduction The next few sections will discuss the basic components that are in a whipstock.
The components are discussed in order from bottom (anchor) to the top (drill
pipe).
The anchor is the component that creates a solid base for the whipstock to sit on
during orientation and milling. The following anchors are those that are most
commonly used.
Mechanically The mechanically set anchor should be used only in a cased wellbore.
Set Anchor It is initially set with 3,000-3,500 lbf, which triggers the slips to move
to the setting position. A second weight load will set the anchor.
Using a mechanical anchor requires the customer to provide a solid

base such as a bridge plug or cement plug to initiate setting. A solid
surface is required for the spring-loaded plunger of the anchor to
function properly. A pre-determined amount of weight needs to be
applied to force the plunger into the body of the anchor, driving the
slips outward to engage the wellbore wall. Friction holds the slips in
place against the casing.
This anchor works in a 4 ½” to 9 5/8” casing ID range.
Hydraulically The hydraulically set anchor should be used only in a cased wellbore. It
Set Anchor is locked into postion when hydraulic pressure between 3,000-3,500 psi
is applied. The anchor serves to absorb the load variations that occur
during the milling operation.
Many people consider hydraulically set anchors to be a better option

because it can be set at any point in the wellbore with pressure from the
surface. The customer does not have to provide a solid base to activate
slips.
This anchor is one of the best on the market.

Expandable Expandable anchors can be used in either cased or open holes. They are
Anchors capable of being used in a variety of wellbore diameters. The slips lock
at three points, 120º apart, providing a stable anchor that is capable of
being removed by a straight pull. In a cased hole a debris barrier should
be run if the whip is to be retrieved.
The expandable anchor is hydraulically set at pressures of 3,000-3,500

psi. As you pressure up, the slips expand. The slips have inserts that dig
into the sides of the casing and offers a high axial load capacity.
The expandable anchor covers several sizes. For example, one size can
cover four different jobs; using a regular (or older) version would
require a different anchor for each job. This is also a good anchor to
choose if there are formation or casing ID inconsistencies.
This anchor is one of the best on the market.
Size OD (in) Torque (lbf-ft) Weight (lb)
4½x7 3.69 6,000 50,000

7 x 9 5/8 5.62 30,000 100,000
9 5/8 x 13 3/8 8.00 50,000 150,000
13 3/8 x 20 11.75 80,000 150,000
Permanent A permanent packer is sometimes used in place of an anchor; mostly in

Packer (Anchor) cases where the customer wants to go back into the lower zone after
retrieving the whip. A minimum of 3,000 psi is required to ensure
complete setting of the anchor. The permanent packers that can be used
as an anchor in a whipstock job include the MDF, MDFBB, and
Millennium.
The permanent packer to be removed has to be washed over. The

customer needs to be aware so they understand what using a permanent
packer entails.
Permanent packers range in sizes from 5 ½” to 13 3/8”.
MDF Packer

Canfish Anchor The canfish anchors are still being used in the field. Sales and
operations should be aware that these tools exist in the districts.
Canfish mechanical anchor is extremely effective for securing the
Trackmaster Plus Whipstocks in place during sidetracking
operations. The Canfish mechanical anchor can be set on any solid
bottom such as a cement plug, bridge plug or packer. Decentralized
slip actuation provides wedge action inside the casing for superior
anti-rotation and one-directional loading capabilities.
Some features and benefits of a Canfish anchor include:
 Fully retrievable
 Easy set and retrieve
 Stiff design eliminates any chance of whipstock falling across
the hole.
 Tri-directional slip eliminates any chance of rotation.
Bridge Plug A bridge plug is the customer supplied downhole

foundation that weight is applied to in order to set the
mechanical anchor (gradually up to 3,600 lbs. is set on
here to shear the pins on the plunger).
Make sure to ask the customer follow-up questions

about their job if it appears they need a bridge plug but
have not made a decision yet. Try to sell the bridge
plug and wireline service to place bridge plug with the
whipstock job.
Cast Iron Bridge Plugs
 The mechanical anchor needs a bridge plug in order to set.

Whipstocks
Introduction The introduction of Trackmaster Plus technology into the design

of the whipstocks has helped improve the performance of the
tool. The whip guides the mill to the wall of the wellbore. As the
mill moves down the ramp, it starts milling the casing. Each
whip is equipped with a retrieval hook slot, internal oil
repository for hydraulic fluid, and a bore to accommodate the
shear bolt that attaches to the mills.
Trackmaster Plus whipstocks feature a(n):
 Customized whipstock designed to mill a customized

window
Trackmaster
 Multi-ramp design to guide the milling tool effectively
Plus Whips
and expediently through the casing and into the
formation.
 Increased slide length on extended gauge
 Full gauge window
 Low dogleg severity across the window
Other whipstocks include the Hard Formation and Geo- Track.
Hard Formation Whipstock

The Hard Formation Whipstock has a shortened full gauge
section for quick departure. It also has a short slide, which is
best for open hole sidetracking.
GeoTrack Whipstock
The GeoTrack Whipstock has mid-ramp geometry. It delivers a
full gauge window and provides low dogleg severity across the
window.
Trackmaster
Plus Whip

Mid-Ramp A proprietary feature of Schlumberger
whipstocks is the mid-ramp. The mid-
ramp aids the mill in cutting out of the
casing by helping deflect the mill across
the center point. This prevents problems
and reduces center point coring.

Mill/Whip All Trackmaster Plus Whipstock Systems use updated window mill to whipstock
Hook-Up attachment technology. The mill/whip hook-up is designed to provide higher
torque values while delivering the same reliable shear performance. This non-
threaded retention system allows up to 3º of flex between the milling assembly
and the whipstock to facilitate passage through high doglegs in the wellbore.
Whip Selection Selecting a whip requires knowledge about the well as well as the plans for the
Criteria future of the sidetracking operation and well. The following items are areas of
focus for making a selection:
 Directional objectives
 Multi-lateral concerns
 Rathole length
 Window requirements
 Unconfined compressive strength of the formation at the kick-off point
(KOP)
 Cement quality behind the casing
 Casing integrity
 Return on investment (ROI)—will the reduction in the wellbore diameter
be enough to justify the cost based on potential production increases?

Mills
Introduction The mill is one of the most important components in the whipstock system.
Schlumberger mills used in sidetracking applications are among the best in the
industry. The customized mills ensure consistent, efficient window cutting and
productive rathole drilling.
A good cutting structure is important for a consistently successful one-trip

whipstock system. If you do not have the right mill, there is the possibility of
having to make multiple trips to change out mills. The Trackmaster Plus system
can consistently mill the window and go some distance into the formation in one
trip.
Cutter Trackmaster mills currently use four types of cutters, crushed sintered carbide,
Technology tungsten carbide inserts (TCI), millmaster inserts, and various polycrystalline
diamond composite (PDC) cutters. Each of these cutter types is ideal for various
downhole conditions. Factors such as temperature and formation will affect the
type of cutter best suited for a job.
Crushed Sintered Carbide

The crushed sintered carbide is used to
provide hardness and durability on drilling
tools. Specifically, crushed sintered carbide
is useful in deep drilling where the drilling
tool is exposed to impact with pieces of rock
and erosion as the cuttings are circulated up
the hole.
Millmaster Inserts
Millmaster inserts are used on the leading
edge of the follow and dress mills. The flat
square inserts are designed to control or
lessen the wear on the mills and to aid in
the milling and cleaning of the window.
The application of the inserts varies
depending on location.

Tungsten Carbide Inserts (TCI)
The tungsten carbide inserts are ideal for use
on milling the window. TCIs are the best tool
for cutting steel, but are not very effective
when used in high compressive strength
formations. TCIs are often used on the cutting
or lead edge of a mill to help cut the casing
and to protect the PDC inserts.
Polycrystalline Diamond Composite (PDC)

PDC cutters are more commonly used on
the Hard Formation and GeoTrack
systems. They work best in formations
with high compressive strength.
Roller Cone Bit In an open hole assembly a modified

(Open Hole) Smith Bits roller cone bit is used. The
bit is attaches to the whip tip neatly
between the cones and leg segments.
In this system, a hydraulic conduit goes

through the bit, which sets the anchor. A
burst disc in the roller cone connection
isolates the fluid from the annulus and
holds pressure for setting the anchor.
Once the bit is sheared from the

whipstock, the control line breaks free
from the bit. Once the burst disc
ruptures, fluid can exit through the bit
jets.

The Tri-Milling  Lead Mill
Assembly  Full gauge
(Cased Hole)  Designed to initiate the cut-out
and mill the window further as
it slides down the whipface
 Drills the rathole
 Follow Mill
 Full gauge
 Engages with casing as the
lead mill travels down the
ramp and elongates the
window
 Dress Mill
 Full gauge
 Designed to dress the window
as the entire assembly passes
though the casing

Trackmaster Bi-Mill
Plus FasTrack The bi-mill is a necessary tool because it is more flexible, making it an
Bi- and Tri-Mill ideal option for hard formations. The bi-mill is ideal for ratholes 3-10
feet in length and double casing exits. Often, this tool is part of the
Trackmaster Plus FasTrack system. It can also be used as a stand-alone
component in applications where the DLS is going to be high.
Tri-Mill
The Trackmaster Plus FasTrack Tri-Mill utilizes tungsten carbide
cylindrical cutters and crushed tungsten carbide rather than
conventional carbide inserts. The inserts are strategically placed; they
will effectively exit the casing and cut through the formation to drill the
required rathole. These cutters are ideal for both conventional and
extended ratholes.
PDC cutters are also available for this mill. The FasTrack Tri-Mill not
only reduces overall casing exit time, it ensures a level of performance
that can be duplicated consistently. The mill provides a hydraulic path
from the milling BHA to the whip and anchor via a hydraulic hose.
Generally, for the FasTrack Mill:
 Average job time is 20 hours

 Average milling time is 3 hours
 90% of job is completed in under 5 hours
 Dresses the window
 Used more in offshore applications
 Ideal for high compressive strength formations
 Ideal for cased hole, land applications
These statistics may vary depending on casing data and well conditions.
Tri-Mill

Trackmaster The Trackmaster Plus Hard Formation Bi-Mill makes it easier to
Plus Hard get off the whip and into the formation (especially open hole
Formation applications). A blend of synthetic diamond and cobalt has
Bi-Mill resulted in a PDC cutting structure capable of milling such
materials as casing and drilling formations with compressive
strengths greater than 20,000 psi. The Trackmaster Plus Hard
Formation Bi-Mill is capable of drilling 3- to 15-feet of rathole.
It can be used as the lead mill on both bi-mill and tri-mill
configurations. The mill provides a hydraulic path from milling
BHA to the whip and anchor via a hydraulic hose.
Trackmaster The Trackmaster Plus GeoTrack Mill has an impact

Plus GeoTrack wear resistant PDC cutting structure capable of
Mill milling materials such as casing, and drill an extended
rathole in a single trip. The mill is designed for high
penetration rates and steerability. The jet nozzles are
placed strategically to ensure cutter cooling and good
hole cleaning. PDC technology ensures its ruggedness
and quick cutting power. PDC inserts will provide
effective casing milling and formation drilling in one
trip. Used with drill ahead systems.

Trackmaster The Trackmaster Plus CRA (corrosion resistant alloy) milling system consists of
Plus CRA Milling a FasTrack Bi-Mill assembly for exiting through high chrome (22-25%) alloy
System casings. The FasTrack mill utilizes a special impact and wear resistant tungsten
carbide cylindrical insert capable of milling 25% chrome materials and desired
rathole in a single trip. The follow mill of the bi-mill system is machined integral
to the mandrel body having capacity of brazing cylindrical tungsten carbide
inserts into the machined pockets similar to the FasTrack mill heads. The inserts
are coated for minimizing the wear associated with milling high chrome
materials. The hydraulic path for setting the anchor is provided by the hydraulic
hose connecting the mill to the whip.
Center Point Center point is when the center of the

mill crosses the wall of the casing. The
center of the mill does not move (a
necessary design) and this could
potentially cause some concern. The
proprietary Schlumberger mid-ramp
helps to alleviate this concern by
providing a means to help the center of
the mill get across the casing.
Mill Selection Selecting the proper mill for a job can be a difficult task. Time and experience
Criteria will help with making this decision. There are many factors that go into choosing
the right mill:
 Formation type/characteristics
 Hard spots or stringers?
 Compressive strength of formation
 Greater than 20,000 psi compressive strength?
 Rathole length
 10 ft., 100 ft., 1,000 ft.?
 Directional concerns
 How long does the window need to be?
 What does the radius and the build need to be?

Running Tool The running tool is made up above the mill system, which contains
a floating piston. The floating piston serves as a barrier between
the clean hydraulic fluid within the running tool and the drilling
fluid that is in the drill string above. The clean hydraulic fluid is
used to set the anchor/packer. The floating piston prevents
contaminants from plugging the hydraulic lines, which could
prevent setting of the anchor.
The operator fills the running tool with hydraulic fluid on the rig
floor.
The Trackmaster Plus running tool offers the following features:
 Run directly above mill for hydraulic setting anchor

 Designed to withstand rotational bending stresses during
sidetrack operation
 Piston moves into cavity to allow circulation to mill

Orientation Devices
Introduction There are two types of orientation devices typically used in a whipstock
operation—gyroscope and measurement while drilling (MWD). Each type
requires a specific value to aid in operation and orientation. The two types of
valves that are available from Schlumberger: the non-advancing multi-cycle
bypass valve (NAMCBV) and the high flow valve. The selection of valves can be
dependent on how the customer plans to orientate the mill. The multi-cycle
bypass valve can be used for both MWD and gyro orientation measures, while the
high flow by-pass valve should only be used if the customer plans to orient with a
gyroscope where it is not necessary to pump on the string to orient the whipstock.
The Non- The NAMCBV allows fluid to be pumped downhole

Advancing without setting the anchor; this allows the operator to
Multi-Cycle orient the whip with an MWD. The valve is manually set
Bypass Valve to the open position to prevent pressure and fluid from
setting the anchor. The drill pipe fills with mud while
going downhole with the NAMCBV. Once downhole,
the valve allows circulation to occur, which transmits
information back to surface from the MWD in pulses.
The NAMCBV can also be closed; this will require the

valve to advance. Once the valve has completes all six
cycles, pressure is
It takes six cycles of administered to set the
turning the pumps on and anchor. If you are unable to
off to bring the valve to the
orient the whipstock by the
closed position.
sixth cycle, the tool has to
be pulled out of the hole and
reset. Usually the tool is set up to begin on the second
cycle position.
The MWD requires a high fluid flow so strong signals

can be sent back to the surface. The absence of a valve
would also make it impossible for fluid to exit, which
would pressure up the string and cause the anchor to set.
NAMCBV
Pathfinder
Gyrodata

UBHO If there is no valve present when using an MWD, the anchor needs to
be set with the use of a gyro and universal bottom hole orienting
(UBHO) sub. The UBHO is a profile sub that allows the ‘key’ or
wireline tool to fit into the anchor so it will stay in line during
rotation.
UBHO
 Beware of running a float valve in an assembly using the NAMCBV. If one is

used, reverse circulation cannot take place.
High Flow Bypass Valve

The high flow by-pass valve allows low-flow circulation of drilling
fluid to the annulus; this aids in orientation using a gyro. Some
locations prefer to use the high flow valve because of its simplicity
and reliability.
A wireline gyroscope is generally

used where magnetic directional
control cannot be obtained. A high
flow valve should be used with this
orientation system. The high flow
bypass valve is not a good companion
tool for MWD because of slow
circulation at any great length. This is
because the amount of fluid required
to set MWD could prematurely set the
anchor.
The high flow bypass valve was

designed to function at two different
flow rates. The piston for the valve is
held open with shear pins. The low
flow rate is for the gyro orientation
and the higher flow rate is used to Gyro Internal
close the valve and set the
anchor/packer.

Which valve is used most often in your area? Why is it the best option?
 ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Drill Collars Drill collars are stiff, very thick walled BHA components.
These can be used to provide weight-on-bit (WOB) or weight
on mill for sidetracking operations. Typically used in cased
holes, drill collars help supply the weight necessary to set the
mechanical anchor, although HWDP may also be substituted.
When drill collars are used in a sidetracking operation, they are

place in the BHA so they remain in the vertical section of the
hole.
Drill Spiral
Collar Drill
Collar
Drill Pipe or Standard weight drill pipe is a thick walled (compared to tubing and casing)
Hevi-Wate Drill hollow pipe with a bore through its center to allow the flow of drilling fluid
Pipe during the drilling process. Drill pipe performs the same job in a sidetracking
operation as in a drilling operation; it makes up the difference between the top of
the bottom hole assembly (BHA) and the surface. In sidetracking operations
involving measurement while drilling (MWD), the drill pipe ID is especially
important for fluid flow.
Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe (HWDP) is an alternative to or is used in addition to drill

pipe, depending on the sidetracking operation. Often in open hole applications the
HWDP is used as a flex joint. HWDP is available in conventional or spiral.

Conventional
Drill Pipe Spiral HWDP HWDP

Exercise: Whipstock Assembly Components
Answer the following questions based on the information covered up to this point of the chapter.
1. What are the ideal applications for a Trackmaster Plus FasTrack Tri- and Bi-Mill?
2. What applications are ideal for the Trackmaster Plus Hard Formation Bi-Mill?
3. What criteria are used in choosing a whipstock?
4. What component is necessary when using a mechanically set anchor?
5. Why would an anchor packer be used instead of a standard anchor?

6. How many cycles are available on the NAMCBV? Why are there so many?
7. What affects the selection of the valves? Why use an NAMCBV instead of a high flow
bypass valve?
8. What is the purpose of the flex joint?
9. When is it necessary to use a bridge plug (although it is always recommended)?

Accessories
Debris Barrier A debris barrier is designed to catch debris that would otherwise
fall to the top of the anchor and interfere with retrieval.
Available for every anchor, this device is most necessary when
anchor retrieval is planned.
Retrieval Tools Hook Retrieval Tool

The hook retrieval tool is designed to retrieve whipstocks. It
has a tab that fits into the hook retrieval slot of the whipstock.
The operator needs to make sure they have the correct
measurements so they do not accidentally hook into the
window instead of the whip. Additional equipment can be
used to remove a whipstock includes several sections of drill
pipe, HWDP, a crossover, full gauge stabilizer and surveying
equipment. This is the most common method of whipstock
retrieval used.
Features of the hook retrieval tool include:
 Orient hook tang to whip hook slot with gyro or MWD

(also possible to hook without the use of an orientation
device)
 Torque is not required and is very easy to engage and
disengage
 High overpull strength
 Nozzle to jet-wash hook slot free of debris

Die Collar Assembly Retrieval Tool
The die collar retrieval tool serves to retrieve the whipstock by
fitting over the end of the whipstock and threading onto it. In
the process, the cut lip design of the retrieval tool separates the
wall of the whipstock from the wall of the wellbore. The
customer typically doesn’t prefer this retrieval method because
if the die cannot be removed from the whip while the
components are on the rig floor, there is an additional charge
to ship it back and have it done in the shop. This retrieval
method is most commonly used with a whipstock assembly
using a permanent packer for an anchor.
Features of the die collar assembly retrieval tool include:
 Superior design over standard rotary die collars

 Cut lip guide makes it easier to slide over whip
 Tapered wickers are deep for strong engagement
 Deep bore above wickers avoids premature
engagement
 Designed to grab the largest possible cross-section of
the whip
Which do you think is a better option to use, the hook retrieval tool or a die collar
 assembly retrieval tool?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Basic Sidetracking Steps
Run In Hole The first step to a sidetracking

operation is to run the equipment into
the hole. Run in the hole at a
reasonable rate, approximately 2-3
minutes per stand. Running in the hole
too quickly will cause the whipstock
to set, thus stopping the assembly and
causing the rest of the assembly to
shear off.
The block should be in the unlocked

position. Monitor weight indicator for
hole drag and trip tank for proper fill
up.
Orient the Whipstocks can be orientated using

Whipstock gyro or MWD. This is usually the
job of the directional driller or the
surveyor on location (they will let
the operator know where the
whipstock is orientated). For legal
purposes, verify with the directional
driller or surveyor and the company
man that the whipstock is in the
correct place before setting it.
Once the whipstock is pointing in

the direction needed, move the
assembly up and down (stroke it) to
make sure there is no trapped torque
and that the whipstock is still
orientated correctly.

Set the Anchor Set the anchor once the whipstock has been orientated. The anchors are set
differently depending on the size and whether the anchor is mechanical or
hydraulic.
Hydraulic Anchor
Gradually apply 3,000-3,500 psi
hydraulic pressure to set the
anchor. The more pressure
applied, the deeper the anchor
bites into the casing. This method
is also for the expandable anchor
or a permanent packer. The
anchor can be set at any depth
necessary. In a cased hole, it
needs to be set immediately
above the casing collar. It should
be set at 0º-90º right or left of the
high side of the hole.
Mechanical Anchor
The amount of weight needed to set a mechanical anchor varies according to the
size. The Trackmaster Plus operation manual has a chart that lists the appropriate
weight needed to set each size anchor.
The anchor can be set at any depth necessary, but a solid base is needed to active
the anchor. In a cased hole, it needs to be set immediately above the casing collar.
It should be set at 0º-90º right or left of the high side of the hole.
Free the Mill Apply the necessary
downward weight for a
mechanical anchor and
upward weight for the
hydraulic anchor. This will
break the shear bolt and free
the mill. This weight varies
depending on the size whip
used.

Mill the Window Mill the window once the mill has
been freed. As the mill moves down
the slide, the operator needs to be
aware of what the mill is doing at
each stage.
The operator should discuss the

flow rates with the customer for
assurance the flow rate is good
enough to circulate the cuttings out
of the hole.
Mills like to go in the direction of least resistance. During a cut out there are

times the whipstock can be milled instead of the casing or formation. This usually
happens if the mill is not strong enough to cut the casing or formation. This is
why it is important to select the correct mill and assembly and to use the correct
milling parameters outlined in the Trackmaster Plus operation’s manual.
Trackmaster Plus The type of window needed on a

Profile Window sidetracking job is dependant on a varitey
of factors. First, the dogleg severity of the
area where the window will be placed.
Second, what tools will eventually pass
through the window.

What are other factors that will determine the type of window needed in a
sidetracking job?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Drill the Rathole Make several reaming passes
through the window and back to
the bottom to clean up any burrs,
after milling the window. Check
against possible fill. Once the
reaming is complete, stop rotating
and back through the window. The
operator should look for anything
unusual. If drag is encountered,
start rotating again and ream out
until smooth.
Criteria for Over the life of a well there may come a time at which the bore path needs to be
Successful changed. It is sometimes the result of a blockage in the bore and sometimes a
Casing Exit procedure to improve production. A variety of factors will affect how quickly a
sidetracking operation can be performed. The following is a list of criteria for a
successful sidetracking operation:
 The new window must be smooth with no hang ups going either in or out.
 The rathole must be to the specifications of the customer.
 The operation must have been completed in the least number of trips
possible (hopefully one trip).
 Standard drilling operations must be accomodated by the new window
and rathole.

Whipstock Systems
CHAPTER 2
WHIPSTOCK SYSTEMS

Objective
 Identify each wellbore departure system, its major components and
the application of each system.
©2010 Schlumberger Introduction to Wellbore Departure Systems Page 1

Chapter 2 – Whipstock Systems
Table of Contents
Trackmaster Plus Technology .................................................................................................................................................. 5

Purpose and Design ................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Component Selection Standards ............................................................................................................................................. 5
Exercise................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Trackmaster Plus Standard Whipstock System ...................................................................................................................... 6
Trackmaster Plus Hard Formation Whipstock System ........................................................................................................... 8
Trackmaster Plus GeoTrack Whipstock System ................................................................................................................... 10
Trackmaster Plus Open Hole Whipstock System.................................................................................................................. 12
Trackmaster Plus Thru-Tubing Whipstock System .............................................................................................................. 14
Build the Correct System ........................................................................................................................................................ 16

Trackmaster Plus Technology
Purpose and The Trackmaster Plus technology was developed to be a one-trip sidetracking
Design system. The system can easily manage standard casing exits as well as advanced
applications where engineering aids in the design process.
Generally, the Trackmaster Plus was designed to handle the following

applications:
 Extended ratholes
 Directionally drilled extended ratholes
 Hard formation exits
 Thru-tubing sidetracks
 Wells with multiple production zones
 Open hole departures
Component The components in any given assembly exist to perform a function. The reason
Selection for the components chosen for a particular assembly will depend on a variety of
Standards factors, including the following:
 Open or cased hole

 Casing size, weight, grade
 Cement quality
 Depth and inclination
 Formation properties
 Directional objective
 Production requirements
 Rathole specifics
 Dog leg severity (DLS) considerations
Exercise Are there any other factors you believe might affect assembly selection?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Trackmaster Plus Standard Whipstock System
Trackmaster Plus Whipstock FasTrack Tri-MIll

Answer the following questions about the Trackmaster Plus Standard Whipstock System
1. What are the major components of this system?
2. What are at least 3 features and benefits of this system?
3. What application(s) is this system best suited for? Why is this system the best for the
application?

Trackmaster Plus Hard Formation Whipstock System
Hard Formation Whipstock Hard Formation Bi-Mill

Answer the following questions about the Trackmaster Plus Hard Formation Whipstock System
3. What application(s) is this system best suited? Why is this system the best for the
application?

Trackmaster Plus GeoTrack Whipstock System

Answer the following questions about the Trackmaster Plus GeoTrack Whipstock System
application?

Trackmaster Plus Open Hole Whipstock System

Answer the following questions about the Trackmaster Plus Open Hole Whipstock System
application?

Trackmaster Plus Thru-Tubing Whipstock System

Answer the following questions about the Trackmaster Plus Thru-Tubing Whipstock System
application?

Build the Correct System
Use the laminated system components to build a system as described by the instructor. Use to space
below to take notes.

Meeting Customer’s
Requests
CHAPTER 3
MEETING CUSTOMER’S
REQUESTS
Objectives
 Identify and explain what information is required from a customer before
when planning a sidetracking job.
 Explain how to fill out a Job Data Sheet.
 Explain how to fill out a Work Scope & Job Requisition form.
 Explain how to enter information into the Trackmaster Plus
Configurator.
 Identify the information necessary for a proposal.

Chapter 3 – Meeting Customer’s Requests
Table of Contents
Exercise: Job Data Sheet .......................................................................................................................................................... 5

Customer Requests ................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Introduction.............................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Sizes........................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Kickoff Point ............................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Deviation and Drift ................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Rathole Depth ......................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Anchor Type ............................................................................................................................................................................ 8
BHA Type ................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
Mill Selection ........................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Casing Collar Log .................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Squeeze or Shoe Test ............................................................................................................................................................. 8
Underreaming .......................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Pump Capacity ........................................................................................................................................................................ 9
Flow Rates .............................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Depth to Set the Whipstock ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
Casing Condition ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Whipstock Orientation Plan ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
Type of Completion ................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Verify Special Requests .......................................................................................................................................................... 9
Runner Program ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Work Scope and Job Requisition ........................................................................................................................................... 11
Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................ 11
Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................ 12
Cased Hole or Open Hole ..................................................................................................................................................... 13
Output.................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
The Proposal ............................................................................................................................................................................ 14
Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................ 14
Technical ............................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Commercial ........................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Attachments .......................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Exercise: Customer Presentations ......................................................................................................................................... 15

Exercise: Job Data Sheet
A. Study the following Pre-Job Information Sheet and read pages 5-7. Define and explain the
importance of the fields your group is assigned.

B. Answer the following questions based on the information covered in the Customer Requests section
1. If there is 9-5/8”, 47# P-110 LT&C connection, what size bit can the customer run?
2. Due to a casing restriction a 8-3/8” bit is being used. The casing is 9-5/8”, 47#, what size
Trackmaster Plus should be used?
3. For a 7” hydraulic anchor, what weight needs to be applied to the anchor during the setting
process and why?
If retrievable, how much and what kind of force is needed to release the anchor?
What is the shear value for the break bolt?

Customer Requests
Introduction Talking to the customer is the only way to collect the proper information to build
the whipstock system that will be most effective for the customer. There is a lot
of information to collect which is why the Pre-Job Information Sheet was created;
it will guide you along in your conversation with the customer. In this section the
key points are elaborated upon and ambiguous questions are clarified. Remember,
this is just a starting point and there will always be some additional information
you will need.
Sizes Once of the most basic pieces of information that is collected from the customer
is the size of the equipment needed. The following is a list of questions
concerning size:
 What is the size, type and grade of the casing or pipe?

 What is the bit size needed to run?
 What is the size(s) of the connections?
Review the Trackmaster Plus Anchor Sizes and Details chart in the Appendix for
information.
Kickoff Point The KOP is important because it identifies the formation’s depth the operator will
be working with. It is important to know if the cement job and casing are in good
condition; a poor or non-existent cement job can lead to casing instability while
milling. This could cause the window to be undergauge or out of proportion.
Deviation and The degree of deviation will affect the initial radius of the hole (dogleg severity).
Drift Casing drift along with the actual casing ID determines what bits can be run after
the window is set; this also affects the size of the lead and follow mill. This
makes it very important to run the correct size tools when a casing gauge run is
made.
Rathole Depth The depth of the rathole will affect selection making due to the type of formation.
It is important for operator to follow through with making the rathole as
promised. Even if the sidetrack is a complete success, if the rathole is not made
the job can be considered a failure by the customer.
 It is recommended that the rathole be under 15-feet.

Anchor Type The customer may want to choose one type of anchor over another due to cost.
The Configurator (discussed later in this chapter) suggests viable options but the
customer will have the final say. If the customer chooses to use an anchor not
initially recommended by us, it is important to review the new tool. Any
Schlumberger whipstock can be set with any Schlumberger anchor (except the
thru-tubing whipstock).
The operator needs to know the size of the rig, maximum pull of the rig and the
rig’s pump pressure capacity. It will help in determining if the rig is equipped to
handle the amount of force needed to set the anchor; if it is not, a pump truck is
needed on location to assist.
BHA Type The type of BHA that will be used to drill the well affects the size of the window
that needs to be milled. More complex BHA components need a longer window
to pass through.
Mill Selection The type of casing affects mill selection. American Petroleum Institute (API)
grade casing ranges from J-55 to Q-125. As the letter and number increase, the
harder the casing is rated. Casing rated at Q-125 or that is chrome or stainless will
most likely require a change in the cutters.
It is necessary to clarify with the customer if there are dual strings of casing that
need to be milled though, as this will also affect mill selection and the ability to
complete the job in one-trip.
Casing Collar The casing collar log will let the operator know exactly where the casing collars
Log are located. Milling should be done 6-feet above or below the casing collars since
it is very difficult to mill through the casing collar. Milling through a casing
collar can affect the integrity of the casing and damage the well.
Squeeze or The customer should let us know if they plan to do a squeeze or shoe test at the
Shoe Test KOP after the window has been cut. This is important because we need to make
sure the formation is good enough to hold the pressures needed to complete the
job.
A shoe test or squeeze is done after a liner has been run or casing float shoe is
drilled out. This is done after the cement job and has no effect on the whipstock
or rathole. Performing these tests will identify lost circulation and pore pressure
(which affects the drilling mud to use). Once the shoe is drilled out, pressure is
applied so that the hydrostatic pressure of the mud system is supported while
testing pore pressure. If the shoe test is a failure, a squeeze is done. This will alert
the customer to a problem with lost circulation in the formation.
Underreaming It is wise to ask the customer if they plan on underreaming outside the window
after the job is complete. The main reason for this is to provide the sales person
with an opportunity to sell another product.

Pump Capacity Asking the customer how many barrels per minute they are able to pump will let
us know if there is enough pump pressure to set the anchor and circulate the
cuttings out of the hole. If there is not enough, the customer may need to get
additional equipment out to the site.
Flow Rates It is important for the operator to verify flow rates with the customer. A good
flow is needed to circulate the cuttings out of the hole. The flow rates required to
close the multi-cycle bypass valve are shown in the Appendix.
Depth to Set the The customer establishes the depth of the whipstock or KOP based on
Whipstock information concerning the formation, casing or a fish. Sometimes it may be
necessary to work with the customer to determine the best KOP and informing
them of complications that could arise from exiting in an unfavorable area.
Casing Casing and cement condition play an important factor in mill selection. Older
Condition wells may have worn or deteriorated casing, which is easily torn or split. Casing
that has been exposed to high temperatures tends to become carbonized, making
it very hard. Casing in good condition, but with a bad cement job also poses
problems; the lack of cement will cause the casing to move as the window is
milled.
Whipstock It is important to know how the customer will be orientating the mill, whether by
Orientation Plan gyro or MWD. This will affect the type of valve used in the operation. These
were discussed in detail in the first chapter.
Type of Make sure to ask the customer what type of completion they are doing. We need
Completion to know if it is first time production, re-completion, flow-by completion, etc. This
will help in determining the proper equipment needed for the system.
Verify Special Make sure to double-check and verify all information from the customer.
Requests Customer service is an important indicator in repeat business for Schlumberger.
Runner Program It is important to understand that Schlumberger is currently developing multiple

engineering programs that can aid the operator and customer in understanding
what happens to our tools while performing the whipstock. The Torque, Drag &
Buckle program is design to analysis the stress placed on the tools by the well
angle and existing dog legs as well as those that come into play as the milling on
the window progresses. It also looks at what configuration the milling string is in
dependent on weight on mill (WOM) and what point the mill is at on the
whipface. It is important to be aware of what support is available from the
engineering department and how to utilize this data once on the job.

Work Scope and Job Requisition
Introduction The work scope and job requisition form is filled out at the start of a job just like
the Pre-Job Information Sheet. A sales person will cover this information with a
contact in the district once the job has been assigned.

Introduction The Trackmaster Plus Configurator is a tool that can aid in the decision making
process for a sidetracking job. The Configurator is not a software program, but is
instead offered on the Smith Services Intranet. Go to Applications  Smith
Services  Trackmaster Plus Configurator.
The main page appears and lets you know what program you are entering. Click
anywhere on the main page to enter the program.

Cased Hole or The first question the Configurator asks is about the type of hole. Fill in the
Open Hole proper radio button and proceed to answer the remaining questions about the job.
Output The Configurator will generate a suggestion once all of the questions have been
answered. This information can be printed off and included in the proposal.

The Proposal
Introduction A proposal is necessary to let the customer know Schlumberger is professional,

consistent and that the customer can rely on accurate information. The proposal
will consist of many different sections. Each section is designed to cover a
different aspect of the entire job. The Quote Proposal software is able to do this
or the individual sales person can do it.
A full example of a typical proposal is included in the Appendix of this manual.

Information may change or vary depending on the country or state.
Technical The technical section of a proposal is designed to provide engineering

information to the customer, this includes information about running procedures
and performance statistics. The sub-section of the technical portion of the
proposal are:

 Job Data Sheet
 Assembly Schematic
 Running Procedures
 Product Information
 Performance Data
Commercial The commercial section of the proposal is essentially about cost. The customer
can see the fees for each component and service. The terms and conditions of the
components and service are also covered. This lets the customer know what the
expectations are and where liability falls in specific situations. Finally, this sub-
section includes Schlumberger’s Quality, Health, Safety and Environment
(QHSE) standards.
Attachments At the very end of the proposal, all of the “other stuff” is included. This is
essentially buyer’s reassurance. Information about the performance and success
of our systems is included. Professional papers about jobs Schlumberger has
performed are included as well as specific statistics, with job parameters similar
to the customer’s, about the success of the jobs performed. Anything the
customer should or needs to know should be included with the proposal.

Exercise: Customer Presentations
Use the following information to enter criteria into the Configurator. Prepare a presentation to give to the
class. Make sure to answer the questions in your presentation.
Well Name: WBD #1 Completed March 2005
Casing: 7” 29# J-55 ST&C
KOP—8329 ft w/ 4º deviation
The well has no casing damage or restrictions and a casing scraper with a full gauge
stabilizer has been run to depth. The latest CBL indicates that there is good cement behind
the casing and the formation at this depth has a compressive strength of 12,000 psi. The
customer will be running a stiff directional assembly. It may be necessary to have a low
DLS at the window. You will be using a 6” OD bit to drill the lateral.
The customer would like you to prepare two systems. One will have a mechanical anchor
and will be oriented using a wireline gyro and the other using a hydraulic anchor that will
be oriented using an MWD.
Use the Configurator to find the correct types of whipstocks needed and then go to the
operations manual and find the correct type and size for each BHA.
Answer the following questions with your presentation:
 What is the customer looking for?

 How does Trackmaster Plus meet the needs of the customer?
 What equipment needed (including sizes)?
 What is the required force needed to set anchor?

Appendix
CHAPTER 4
APPENDEX

Chapter 4– Appendix
Table of Contents
Trackmaster Plus Anchor Sizes and Details ........................................................................................................................... 5

Mud Flow Rates .......................................................................................................................................................................... 6
The Proposal .............................................................................................................................................................................. 7

Trackmaster Plus Anchor Sizes and Details
Body
Length Connection Size & Weight
TYPE O.D. Part Number
Inches Type Approx .
Inches
Mechanical 3.50 38.00 2 3/8 IF Box 30012932

Mechanical 4.27 44.625 2 7/8 IF Box AM00055-003
Mechanical 5.38 49.50 3 ½ IF Box 210 lb AM07076-003
Mechanical 7.000 54.00 4 ½ IF Box 375 lb AM08696-003
Retrievable Anchor 3.50 60.06 2 3/8 IF Box 140 lb 30013418
Retrievable Anchor 5.47 65.00 3 ½ IF Box 315 lb ASR00070-003
Retrievable Anchor 3.875 60.060 2 3/8 IF Box 150 lb 30013338
Retrievable Anchor 8.1 63.25 5 ½ IF Box 650 lb ASR00096-003
Retrievable Anchor 9.125 63.25 5 ½ IF Box ASR00107-003
Retrievable Anchor 10.125 63.25 5 ½ IF Box ASR00117-003
Retrievable Anchor 11.850 67.75 8 5/8 AZ IF Box 960 lb ASR00133-003
Retrievable Packer 4.000 83.395 2 3/8 IF Box 30013623
Retrievable Packer 4.29 48.250 2 7/8 IF Box ASR00055-003
Retrievable Packer 3.50 78.75 2 3/8 IF Box 125 lb DPR00045-003
Retrievable Packer 5.47 87.00 3 ½ IF Box 500 lb 30012692
Retrievable Packer 6.03 64.875 4 IF Box 375 lb ASR00076-003
Retrievable Packer 8.100 91.43 5 ½ IF Box 1200 lb 30013126
Permanent Packer 4.29 75.930 2 7/8 IF Box DPS00055-003
Permanent Packer 5.48 83.44 3 ½ IF Box 440 lb DPS00070-003
Permanent Packer 6.04 83.437 4 IF Box 510 lb DPS00076-003
Permanent Packer 8.100 83.44 5 ½ IF Box 896 lb DPS00096-003
Permanent Packer 11.850 86.50 8 5/8 AZ IF Box 1735 lb DPS00133-003
Expandable 4 ½ x 7 3.50 60.92 Special Crossover 149 lb 30013724
Expandable
5.625 62.25 3 ½ IF Box 351 lb 30015648
7 x 9 5/8
Expandable
8.000 80.50 5 ½ IF Box 917 lb 30015948
9 5/8 x 13 3/8
Expandable
11.750 100.00 8 5/8 AZ IF Box 2460 lb 30015978
13 3/8 x 20

Mud Flow Rates
GPM for 5” NAMCBPV GPM for 6 ¾” NAMCBPV

Mud Weight
with 0.876” Nozzle with 1.375” Nozzle
8.7 242 525

10 226 489
11 215 467
12 206 447
13 198 429
14 191 414
15 184 399
16 179 387
17 173 375

The Proposal

.


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Student Guide

TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT

 Identify and explain the basic knowledge associated with a

When you see this on the screen:

You should see this in your manual:

API American Petroleum Institute

BHA Bottom Hole Assembly

BHT Bottom Hole Temperature

CRA Corrosion Resistant Alloy

DLS Dog Leg Severity

HWDP Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe

KOP Kick-Off Point

MWD Measurement While Drilling

NAMCBV Non-advancing Multi-cycle Bypass Valve

PDC Polycrystalline Diamond Composite

PDM Positive Displacement Motor

KOP Kick Off Point

QHSE Quality, Health, Safety, Environment

RFD Rig Floor Display

ROI Return on Investment

ROP Rate of Penetration

TCI Tungsten Carbide Inserts

UBHO Universal Bottom Hole Orienting (sub)

WOB Weight on Bit

WOM Weight on Mill

Chapter At the end of this section, you should be able to:

©2010 Schlumberger Introduction to Wellbore Departure Page 1

©2010 Schlumberger Introduction to Wellbore Departure Page 3

©2010 Schlumberger Introduction to Wellbore Departure Page 4

Deeper holes will typically be cased with a liner

After the wellbore is drill, it is perforated and

©2010 Schlumberger Introduction to Wellbore Departure Page 5

A well with low production is

The type of hydrocarbon being

©2010 Schlumberger Introduction to Wellbore Departure Page 6

The exact orientation of a borehole is measured by azimuth

The inclination is the angle between the hole and the

©2010 Schlumberger Introduction to Wellbore Departure Page 7

Internal movement of a poppet into the pulsing

©2010 Schlumberger Introduction to Wellbore Departure Page 8

 Whipstock assembly is lowered into the

The second trip:

 The second milling assembly completes the

The advantages of the Trackmaster Plus:

 Eliminates multi-trip runs

©2010 Schlumberger Introduction to Wellbore Departure Page 9

©2010 Schlumberger Introduction to Wellbore Departure Page 10

©2010 Schlumberger Introduction to Wellbore Departure Page 11

Using a mechanical anchor requires the customer to provide a solid

This anchor works in a 4 ½” to 9 5/8” casing ID range.

Many people consider hydraulically set anchors to be a better option

This anchor is one of the best on the market.

©2010 Schlumberger Introduction to Wellbore Departure Page 12

The expandable anchor is hydraulically set at pressures of 3,000-3,500

This anchor is one of the best on the market.

Size OD (in) Torque (lbf-ft) Weight (lb)

4½x7 3.69 6,000 50,000

Permanent A permanent packer is sometimes used in place of an anchor; mostly in

The permanent packer to be removed has to be washed over. The

Permanent packers range in sizes from 5 ½” to 13 3/8”.

©2010 Schlumberger Introduction to Wellbore Departure Page 13

Some features and benefits of a Canfish anchor include:

Bridge Plug A bridge plug is the customer supplied downhole

Make sure to ask the customer follow-up questions