(WIE 8 omar THIET KE KHUON CHO sAkn PHAM WHYA Ngudi bign soan: TS. vO HOAT AN HA NOI 19951 Nor Bau oo Trong cde nam 1991 - 1994, Vin Méy va dung cy cong nghigp ( BS * C8ng nghigp nang ) cd may mén cic tiép nhJn af dn UNDP/UNIDO-VIE/87/021 vé " chuyén giao cdng nghg thiét ké, phat trién va-ché tao khudn mau". : Kht két tic vao thang 4/1994, dit dn duigc phia Lién hgp que danh gid 14 mt trong nhiing dy dn cud UNIDO vé cong nghigp thanh céng nhat d Vagt nam. DE phat huy thanh qua cua aif én, Vign Méy va dung cy cng nghigp thay ring cdc két qua dé can duige tiép tye chuyén giao réng rai cho cdc cd sd san xudt trong cd mite. Déi vdi nganh sin «ut san phdm nna ¢ muée ta thi digu nay 14 cap bach 1- Cac sén pham nhya dang ctfPém mot ti trong ngay cang 1dn hen trong ki thudt va ddi soéng, nhung hat lugng cén thp. 2- Vige thiét ké Khun cho cdc san pham nha d muic ta ty trude dén nay du thiéu bai ban do khéng od mt truting dai hec nao trong mite dio . tgo chuyén sau vé Linh vie nay. Gio trinh " Miét ké Khudn cho sin phdm nhya’" ny duge Trung tan do tgo va thie hanh CAD/CAM cua Vign May va dung cy (IMI) bién sogn nhaém cung cap cho ban doc nhiing kién thtic can ban va hién dai nhat ve | thiét ké khudn nhya ma IMI cé due trong qua trinh tiép nan ay an VIE/ 87/021. Hoc vé thiét ké ding nghia vdi vige phdi nghién cit rat nhidu ve ket cfu cde 0} phgn cua Ktuin, cdc Yogi ktwén khde nha. Ba nét dn Kt oda ‘thi khong cé mot sf md ta ndo r6 rang hen 18 inh vé. Chinh vi tdi 60% sd trang cua tai ligu nay duge gianh cho cae hinh vé. MAt Khe, d@ giup ban doc c6 thé van dung dige ngay' nhing kién thie GG hoe dé thiée ké tSt hon cde b§ khuén cua minh, tai 1igu nay cing cng cho ban dec m§t sé kich chute tiéu chuan cho cdc chi tiét-quan trong , nhac cla khuén nhya. Ching ti cing cung cp cho ban doc mot sd thiét ke &iz 48 tham khdo. Baye ne aiechan thanh cam dn ngai T. Van Der Putten. nguyén cd ay an VIE/87/0: chuyén gia thiés ké knudn nha cud ay an, d& cumg cp cho ching téi nhihg tai 1iéu guy gid dé giup cho vige bién sogn tai 1igu nay duge , thugn Idi. 6 mide ta, thiét ké khuén cho san pham nha 14 mt Linh wie ki that rét mdi mé nén vé thugt ngli cin thigu théng mht. Hon nila, gido trinh diye bin soan 1Bn dau, khéng thé tranh khdi cac sai sot, rat mong ben dee gop ¥ xBy cng, dia chi: i va ngai H. Rademaker, nguyén ‘VIEN MAY VA DUNG CU CONG NGHIEP (IMI) ‘Trung t&m dao tao va thie hanh CAD/CAM 34, Ling Ha, Dong Da, Ha noi : Tel: 8.344186, Fax: 8.344975 © - Xin cém on. e NgwWi bién sogn + the tt hs suai meddle teatime iain se\ e PERRET Re Nt 86 sin phim nya dn dung va nha Ki thajtMay ép phun load nnd TT1-90/22 Hinh 1: y cde trye vit xofn cud méyép phi Hinh 4: Cac’ m&t bich 14p knudn vé ninh anh mt bd knusnA SRM PUNT SMR a LMR RR HARE TTT S- Hinh anh mgt -b$ khudn d8 san xudt vo radio - cassettemyc Lc - lai néi a oie le i Chuicng “1: Gidi thigu ‘chung 1+ Gidi thigu 2 Cae tai, chav nin oo bn 3+ Cée kiéu knubn phd bign Gmtong 2: 2: dy phun nhya - C&u tgo méy phun nha", - Chu ky ép phun Gmiong 3: Vat 14gu mhigt déo ~ Chuong 4: Hg thing ofp nhya - Gidi thigu chung = Cuéng phun ~ Kénh nhya - Cée migng phurfva Khuyét tt khi phun nhye = Migng phun diém-tén phong = Phun khéng co cuéng phun = Kémh chia nhya cach nhigt - ty cach nhigt = cée h§ théng kénh ning = Voi phun kénh néng = VoL phun line hi ving tron ding dé phun trye tip ~ Nung néng hg théng kénh néng — tinh toén ve chdt lughg bie tranh din diy va sd lugng cla qua trinh aién day long khwén Gniing 5 + HE théng day - Gidi thigu chung — Hg thong dy = Sy day cudng phun - Kénh nhya - migng phon ‘= SY dy kép. =H théng ddy cho qué trinh phun khuén ty dng = Sy dy’ tit nlta cd dinh - HG thong day dc bigt hung 6: Diéu knién nhigt 4 khuén = Vy tei cba b> ph§n lam ngupi = Lam nui tém Khuén 2 © a 16 16 19 25 25 25 29 1 - 53 55 64 n 73 79 87 87 88 99 103 103 103 12 112 113 113 117 123TRIER RE A RAAT RE ES : . Trang ~ Lam nguSi lng khuén 12s = dng din nniét 128 Chung 7: Loi mat bén 131. ~ B61 véL san phim od ct sau g phia ngodi 191 a ~ BOi vdi san phn cé edt sau d phia trong 134 - SY din hutng ola 131 mit bén . 134 “= Cée phucng phaép khéa 136 ~ Téc d@ng cua chét xién 145 *.* = te dng eda cam chin ché . 147 = Téc ding bing auing cam 147 - Tac dOng cua 16 xo 147 = Téc ding cla thly 1yc 181 ~ H§ thing day sau trong 101 mit bén _ 188 - C&t sau phia trong . 1s9 Ghuong 8: Khun cho cdc phan’ th od’ ren °? 160 ~ Khudn cho ede phan ti cé ren trong 161 ~ Khuén ding cho cdc sén phém cd ren ngodt, 166 Ghuong 9: Khun cd nhiséu khodng séng 172 2 > Khudn phun ti phia duit, : : am . = HB thing kénh nhya cé c&t sau . 173 E = Khudn phun khdng od kénh nhya 176 : Chuong 10:C4c chi tiét khudn eo ban +, 178 . ~ Chét dn hung va bac dan-hutng 178 ~ Cac b6 dinh vi - 179 - Ming ghép 179 — Sy thoat nf : 186 ~ Thép két cau 1am khutn 189 Chuong 11: Khuén 3 tm . 193 Chuong 12: Phuong phdp thiét ké khuan 196 ~ Sy tiép can hg thong dé thiét Ké khuén 198 ~ Uée tinh a co 200 = X€e dinh kich thude Léng khuén 206 3 > Cc kigu thiét ké ( nén,kndng nén ) . 208 Chuong 13: Bao dung va bao quan khudn 220 Z Chung 14: Mgt sd vi dy thigt Ko Khugn 223 — Mt sé so dS mu cla knudn cd léng khuén don 224 - Cac vi ay chiée Ké Khun a 231 = Phan phy lye 258 ~ Vi dy vé ban kdém tra thie Ké khudn nha 20 ~ Tai 1igu tham kndo . ‘ ‘2731 Gigi thigu 2 Gée that ngit chuyén nn ed bin 3 Céc kiéu Khuén phd bién 1 GIOL _ Khun 1a mgt dung cg o oyph ninn mt san phém nhya. NB axe thie vd san cho 08 thé age st ag cho 1 66 Ike cha trin yu cla. Kich taite va KEt cfu ola Yann pnp tnoge vio ikem tic vA hls dang cba sin phan sé augng sin phim yéu clu cing 14 mbt yéu 06 rat Gan trong oxen née BL vi yu cha edn nit opt mb rnasn on oss rewén nhiBa lang Kruén hoe Load Khun ob Két cf cao CAP. e- Tea yéu ebu b8 mung rly cb deh hang rt én dn Kin ve gid tharh san phim. 4 en ob axe csin Gly bas riya vi né af mang hisn dang cla sin Pn Pe pan ah tn Xin vb ob xe eis hirh deg res cl an sn a goi 1a léng khuén , hin xée djrh hin dang bén trong oda sin phim auve goi 1a 16. 1.7m kep phia trude 3, Tém khuén Sau 2.T@m Khuen trudc 4. Tam kep phia sauei a ADO MS SN NA! SB TG CT RENEE sinh 3: Cde’b9 phan cud khudnTam ad dee De aye, 5. 6. Kno dt 13, 5 dinh vi 7. Tam git 14, chdt ndi ve 8, Tam day 15. Chot day 9. Vong djnh vf 16. Bac dan hutng chot 10.chdt. dan muting 17. Chit dd 11.Bac dan huting cha cde 1. Tam kep phia trude: ep phn c6 @jnh cha khuén vao may ép phun 2, Tam krwén phia true: 1a phn c8 dinh cba khudn tgo,thdnh phan trong vA phin ngoai cla san phém. 3. Tam khuon sau: 1A prin ctuyén ding ola Kun , tgo nén phiin trong va phin ngoai cla san phim. . Tam kep phia sau: gp phn ctuyén dng cia Yeniin vao my éP phan. 5, Tém G3: elit cho ménh ghép cla Khun Khéng bj rot ra gost. 6. Khoi do Ding 2m phn ngén gitia tém a3 va td kep phia sau dB cho tém day hogt dng aye. - “g, Tam day: Cay onde ly dng wat vet qd trim by 9. Vong djnh v4: din bio vj tri thich hyp ola vot phun vot Kaun. “40, chdt din tnitng: Dan phin chuyén dng tdi phn 08 dinh cia Kuen (@8 146n két ‘chin xée 2°phiin cla knuén) a. ec dn hutng:¢8 tranh ma min-nhiu hog 2m néng tm Kuen sax (c6 thé thay thé aye) 1a. Bee nd réne:ding 2m bye gp 6 tr mat shin, ng tm kep pra san khéi ngin va tan 63. 13. Bd ajen vcd bdo cho sy phi hyp sida phn 08 ann va prin chuvén ang cla Weuén., 44. Chdt hoi ver Yb cho endt dy 0b 28 qiey ‘rd Lei Knit Kaun aéng 1et 15. endt dy:Ding o3'dy sin phém va koi wun Het kiwén ne 16. Bgc dn hudng ehiét: 68 ‘tear hao min va hing chdt a3, tm day va tam | gid do ctuyén dng mann glia ching. 17, cndt 3 Din hiting chuyién dng vA 68 cho tm € §.Trénh cho en tim a3 5] wendi by cong do ap Iye dy cac. i se. Bge exéng phan: i wou phan vi hd nina vet rms qua tn Kap Phi tide va t&m Khuén trudc.EN TR SRR EC 3.chc icy KHUON PHO Bren: Két cfu _fovén thing gin 2 phin,nijt phn 18 phfa phon né age o&-dinh gol 18 t&m khudn trude, phin kia 1a phfa day, né chuyén ding trong ki Kowén md, got 1A Khun sau, KHUON HAI TAM (inh 7) Hinh 7 chi ra logi knugn gém 2 phn: Khun trude va khudn sau. Kiz ket ofa khudn'ndy ging nat h§ thing kuin 2 tém 0 1 hoe hia lang KhuGn nh trong hinh 8. Phuthg phép ding 2 tém rat thing dung trong hg ‘thing Kuan. Tuy nhién, ai voi sén phim 1ogi 1p tering bs tri aie migng kmudn & tam, node sin hin 3 nhifu ming phun hoe khutn nhtéu Ling keaSa on nhidu migng Phun d tan, tl u@t cdi kin 6 ti thay bing nf thdng tenn 9 tan nig minh hoa 3 hinh 12, HG théng nly gm Weuin sau, Khuén tne va hg thing thai dB NO teo ra 2 chd md khi knudn mo. Mt oh md aS Ly sin phn ra vA chd md kia af lay kénh nya ra. Nags aiém cia hj théng Kudn 3 tém 14 Khodng, céch sitla voi phun cla méy va long khuén rét dk. NS lam giém dp lye khd phx ‘Knuin va tao ra nhiSu phé 14Gu ola hg thdng kénh niga. BE Khdc phye di& nay, mgt hg thong Khun Khdng oS Kénh nhya di auye phét trién. Xem hinh 9, HG thing knéng c6 kénh nhya niy Fat gigng ket odu Khun 2 tém, chi lhe 18 08 rhing thie by im néng & ng thcng kEnh ninya dB git cho vit “"14gu nhya g 43 déo via phat. Glin 8 nt b§ aba tnién ring bige of aida untén mhige oj ala Kéch iva cing nh olla diém nhya ning. Ui diém ola hg thong nay 1a khéng 6 Ph Ligu d nig théng kénh nya va d5 diy ola Weugn 05 thd gidm ding ké so voi Kwon 3 tan. | eu ay the i Jd yu ou 1 98 Iukhg sin phim én va dé giit gid sin phn thdp, hg théng khuén nhi&u tng ( hinh 13) diiye ché tao dé gitt 1ye kep cha my thép ( nghia 14 sit dang cho logs miy 6 lefch the mh3) wit load ng ‘pong oun nly ching tao hg thdng dy J nit mgt olal én, 4 KET CAU KHUON.Cd BAN = + Két c@u khudn g ninh 7 14 két cau den gian nhdt dé tao ra nhihg ‘sn phém don gién. Hinh 3 e451 thigu 1 Két edu wrudn trong 45 06 1 tém 68 sung cho Phép dat cde miéng ghép vio khusn. Hinh 14 cho thdy edo miéng ahép dit vao khan sau cing od thé 05 aye bang 1 tam bd sung.Hinh 10 : _ Khuén c6 manh ghép bén, trong mt manh'ghép i HG théng khudn hai tém cé nhiBu 1éng khugna ‘Taigiva Hinh 12 Hg thing knugn ba tém twin kkuén Vy zy : i i = = : io = < : i 7 Hinh 13 Khuén nhiéu tang,Tam Khudn_sau, Hinh 14 mt tam bd xung dit d khudn sau Miéng ghép 161 va 15 ca khuén trude va khudn sau cae ming ghép 06 &So 65 H.15 dia ra cu tric Ktnién 06 cde ming ehép 3 ed knuin true va Khuén sau. Logi niy c&n nhing tm bé sung 6 08 2 ahle. Hien 10 gidi thigu 1 kidu migng ghép 6 trong mgt migng ghép unde duge lain trong cing 1 khuén. HUONG 2 MAY PHUN NHYA + 1. tgo méy phun nina: ( Xem e&e-hinn: 2, 3, 16, 17, 18). - ‘Cac phn nguyén ly cba 1 méy phun nhya: BO phn kep a-DSu xi lanh thy lye chinh Cd cfu Khuyh(don) cnXa knock-out e Cac tam a- Cac tam di ding b- cdc tam tinh tai ym phon a- Dau xi Janh thiy lye chinh b- Xi lank phon c- vit xo&n phun d- 6ng phun m vit e- Hép banh rang f- Dai nhigti 3 Bam thiy!iye chin va ding ¢¢ Bang diéu khién trung tam ax Van kiém tra thiy Iye(ap suat) be HG thing kiém tra nhigt(nhigt 45) c- ng théng kiém'tra thdi gian(thdi gisn chu ky). Cac phy ting kha: a-Cong téc gidi hgn(N.C/N.0) b-Bao sy cd cond thy nhigt a} div thiy ye G-RPM gauge (may do)ddng nd do vong quay e-Ven kiém tra mideEER TET GT an Xem hinh 2 méy phun nhya load rhd 1T1-90/22 cud Dal Loan y hinh 3; méy phun nhya oat trung binh TT1-220/80, Dai Loan. _ Phan loai tong quat may phun_nhua May phun nhya nhiét deo May phun nhya dat nhigt “7+ * Cae Logi. méy phun nhya May phun nhya thang ding May phun nia ném ngang Cée kiéu may phun nha I Buéing phun Phun chiéu tryc(aiing ting dosn) Phun theo duting H@ thdng kep Chuyén ding thly Ive Chuyén dGngied-thiy 1ye a-Then méc don i b-Then mic dip HG théng phun vit xodn Piston fun de sd cum phan: = — i-Piston fim nt gian:Lpai cli nhat diye biét 1a kiéu piston,nd hogt ding nit sau:1) phéu hat aye dia dén xi lanh phun.2)Chuyén ding 18n phia tnitic olla piston buje ode hat dl tt bp phn mi ring(nang phun) 3)xung quanh spreader 9 1a bang nhigt,nd 8€ 1am chy het.4)B1 qua glia xi janh va mang phun vao md vjt( 4,16) 2-Piston 2 gian(hinn ,: 3S alin 2 cum piston,cdi ny jt pha trén edt Kiayngt di of dbo hia vét i Ligu,va dn v§t 11a dén cho xi lanh kta mi 8 aS Piston thi hai s& hogt ! ding nhut mit piston bén dan va ddy vit 118u déo vio kuin. S-'vit chuyén ding qua lai theo ding . SY phun nya diye thy hign béi mt vit quay mind chuyén ding Lit va, t1én trong xi lanh nung néng,1A mit vit quay.né tqora st chuyén dng cba wit Lifu hat ti phfu nawyén 11Gu vA buje vt Ligu dt doo theo thing xilenh nong.Khi vt 1iu din cudi cua vit thi vit chuyén d§ng nguge lai dé tich vat 1igu lat.Vao We 5 vit lei tign 12n manh mé,hogt ding nhu 1 pistén | ‘Piston vit 2 giah:Hoat ding cla vit chuyén ding qua lai sé han chd lushg vat ligu c6 thé duge déo hda.Tuy nhign,ay han ché n’y oS thé khde pine ave” 14 ri Hinh 16 $9 68 div phun cua may ép phun ding vit xoén dp Keun & Mang day a7- Van nap 2- Bay din, tiéu chun 10- BB nang bang Kni 1e- Khe trugt bute 3 Tungdn & thao vit 19-5 phan quay 5 Pheu nguyén 1igu 1a Bat ay lem pean thy 1 20- Xy lanh phun a vit din, 12- Bang mung nong giai dogn hai 6- Bp do vong quay 13. Van thoi khong éao chiéu 21- Nut ding kiew 72 Dong cd thuy I 1a Xy,lanh kéo vao phat dan 8-'He théng quay vit 45- Buong phun , 22- Piston phun 16- Van ngsn kiéu quay 23 Voi phun 24 Géi od thing ain 5 1 WN che 3 15 inn 17 a5 dia phon oud may ép phun piston - vit 2 giana AAR LET LI LE bing vige sit ding piston vit 2 giin.d diy vat 1igu di ding trén tan b3 chiéu dai cla vit qua 1 van nap vio ‘trong khoang’ phun.Cing 6 dly}piston Phun. b&t buge phai lui lai.Van bg dan’ sé due md ra khi piston phun tién 1én phia. tice va vat 11gu aige phun vio khudn. (Hl. 17) Ghu ky trong ép_phun: Bon gidn nhat va cing tung agp nhdt 14 nua 2 nia mA ching aige bat trye tiép véo cdo tém kep khudn cla méy ép phun. Hai chi tiét od ban 6 9 mpi khuén ép pun 14: ma khuén d phfa vot phun va nila khudn 3 phia déng khuén. 3 cdc phucng phép gia cdng khéc, vi da nh rén khudn, ngudt ta cd thé goi ching 14 chay va cdi. Y Qua trinh ché tgo 1 sén phém - mt chu ky cho @hinnig —. 8 hinh phia trén, chit déo 1éng age ép vio Khudn ding kn. Oym dng Khun 4 méy ép nim, clin phat téc dung vdo khugn mit iyo én (1ye keep kin) dd khéng 6 1 ti chit déo 1éng nio chdy ra tit ede khe cla kuin. chat ch3y long dt ti cum héa ado vao 1 my xodn vit voi 1 trye xodn e} thd x8 dich huéing tryc mi né hogt ding nhut 1 céi piston, aife ép vio lang khudn, Cyn hia do phéi 142 Kit chit ché wit ieun, nd a5 cht ddo 1éng Keng bt fat mae. . o Trén co 20 sy phn céch v8 nhigt gia Khun va-eym hda déo, cd hat dBu cé mic phigt rét khdc nha, 1ién két nay: chi auge duy tri 1 lic cho dén khi chat déa 1éng khdng co} nang chéy nila, Sau khi din dy knudn chit dio bat du ding cing lai va khi a} thé then old’ nd co las d5t chit. bang cdch ép tip va dién diy tiép, thd tich sé axe bd xing’ cho al, do 6 phat uy tri 4p 1ye 1én chit ado 1éng cho an Ile nd ding oting xorg. 4 pha 2, ép tigp,Hinnie 4 giita) Vi qué trinn.héa déo cin 1 thit gin nhdt ain, trye xodn bat du ép vat 1igu qua sy quay cla nd, of tgo ra ting 1184 lugng nh’n lam chdy no ra va xép dit nd true khi phun. Tro xodn tao ra khgn gian tréng bing eden né truyt Lt Lat dg trye trong xylanh phun, chdng lat dp 1ye a. Khi vit auge phun ding dic lai, cym héa déo rif khdi Khun, nbd a3 chdt Ge6 eng 4 vO1 pun dng bj dng die lel. Cum ding Khuda sf tigp tye ding cho dn kni. san phim ding dio dén mic 05 thé due téng ra ngodt (pha 3, hinh 1g )Pha_1: Phin vao Phéu nguyén MG _ / Xy lanh phun, Bang mung ‘(xy lanh hoa déo). ~ nong, Pha 2: Thi gien’ ding vii dp Ive a361 theo (sy nda déo ) Hinh 16 ign bién mt chu ki d may ép phunGnu ky cla my phun riya’ ding vit chuyén ding qua lat: 1-Khung kep ding chit khudn 2-Vat ligu da déo hda tit trude duige phun 3-Ap lye duge duy tri(ép lye gti) 44 thdi diém nay vit bat dau quay,héa déo vat 1igu cho 1an ban sau. S-Khi dé chat déo diye ngudi di d trong khuGn do cé dong moi truing Lan naugi. 6- Md khuGn va day san pham ra. Céc théng sé cla may phun nha: A-Lyje kep( tan) :@uge tinh’ béi sé tan cba lye khda khudn, Fe=lyctkep tan(KN) Pixép lye Akg/ent)) Fo=Pi. 8 Az dién tich bé mit (om2) zig . Qui téc dp dng: . 2,5 T/it cla dign tich duge phun(A) vi dy:Hop Pdystyrene box 10 "x 1412140"> (ir) Fo=2.5 x 140"=350 tan 2- Dung tich pun. due qui djnh cho dung tich ban 3 1 18 hda adc . thé tich oda vt 1igu aye hda ado trong thoi gian cho trite. 4 Mie a prun Psu ae eBS 2B tho 95 max md ton 69 polystyrene dy kién 6 thé aie phun qua éng m3 vit @ ép sudt cho tric. 5 Ap ye phun: - 64 véi may piston thi diy 18 ap 1ye d piston phun.Ddi voi vit chuyén dang qua lai ép lye nay 18 d vat ligu phia trite 4)Sy khéng thugn gi cla piston 1 gian 14 cd sy d¥t khang lye ban dau cla piston 1én dinh mgt cai khdc.Dinh piston sé héa déo vat 1iéu va bat buje piston phun lid la. ii)Dién bién cing tuong ty d méy piston 2 gian 144)Phutong phép héa déo khde 18 chinh vit: chuyén dng qua lai, dé hi ban 18 1 kheang ma sy phat trign cla nd d phia trude cla vit ii. Ub diém cla sy héa déo true: (my 2 gian) 1- $Y chdy déo, sé ding nht hon vi nd trgn qua 1 15 mb tidp gid 2 Kecare 2 Cé dp lye trye tigp 1én vgt 1igu bdi piston phun 3+ Phun nhanh hen nh ed thé diye. we ite: deh fo shun cao hin va abu Wiién pun tt hon rind of thé chige « s-Trong ligne ban tét non cd the de e-trong 1g ole 1 phét bdn don ob thé oB ding tang tén hon do 2m dog xdlanh did hdn hoje aitng kinh xilenh 1dn hon(diéu nay 12’ knéng thé co auke & vit chunién ding qua 1¢l it odo née true) qafoin bé vat 1dgu di qua chiéi dai day ai cla vit - vat nods phan: (xem ninh 2) 4)NO truyén chuyén ding cho het navi th phia phéu 1agu 44)N6 Lam chat vt 1igu 3 kim we dn 14gu 444)NO thodt kni va hda déo nguyén 14u 3 Khu vye chuyén tiép. v)Ban n} vio Khun trong ku we do.Khu we dn 14Gu @ Khong 1 nia chidu oki vit-Ving chéy hay ving chuyén tigp dai Khodng 1/4 chiéu dBi vit, ving do hoge ving ban 1/4 chiéu dai vit. Cniéu dai vit (L) 1a chia cat Inting trye oda kh we bén phi.ty 1@ obe qqudu eas trén ding kinh 1A 1 yéu 18 quan treng cha vit(L/D) .7) 19 1/0 dn sé tgo ra sy ding mht 1én hon cba vat 14gu chay,trgn t6t hon va ép aye ra idn dn. TY 1G L/D nb nt cho méy phun nhya 16 20:2, (cae inh 2 Déi vdi chat thé chuyén dng 1én phia true nd phat bém inh sasha on vio thi ng hh vo via bf 28 ma st eet do va vit va gilla chit do va thinh thing 2a dong nhdt thi sé knéng 06 a chéy chuyén dng oa vat 14Gu.vgt 14gu cht quay niut 1 ci oye cing vot vit quay.Vi cdc phn 0 polyme diye gilt 1ei nhiéu han 3 not phia ola thing | so voi oda vit nin cde phn ‘i polyme truyt 1én nhau va diéu a} got 18 anh dng c&t strong the té,c60 phn th bj phé v8 va chuyén thanh nhigt DS 1a ¥ neha cha vige ciuyén déi hanh dng od hee cba vit sang nhigt. Ly thuyét cba st bang vit: tren dy dA Yhdo st higu tng ola hinh ding oft’ cla ode phn crt adoymic 6} ot dige djnh nga 1A téc dB be mgt 8 thinh thing chia cho chibu sau cba kénh. ¥ety 1G ct Dediting kinh vit Naty 1 sy quay vit hechiéu sau kénh Tat c& cde vat 1iGu déu cé ty 18 cat gidi han,ma bénngoai dé ching sé bi dt phém chdt.bdi voi hi hét cée cht ado thi ad 18 150 ft/min.Do a5 tee 6 cha vit 3 mgt ding kinh cho trude bj, gidi han.Céng diye sinh ra bot D «Ne yeARTO RT Se vit dé 1am chdy chit déo auge do bdi lye xodn gpi latorque(1ye xodn) Cum kep: " H§.théng don ban 18 12 1 phuohg cach co khi dé khuyéch dai lye. | Mgt d&u cla dan auge ndi vo 1 tém cd dinh,cdn dau kia ndi.vao mt tém di I GGng-Lgt thé v8 co hoe ob thé dat SP:1 Cac 86 1iéu khdc: I)Rigng tt luc kep,dogn kep can due biét va dé 1a khoang céch ma tam dit d§ng sé chuyén djch.Khoang trong toi da 1a khoang cach ti da giila cdc tém c6 dinh va céc tém di ding di co lei ho’n toan . : II)Téc 4} kep TIt)ihe hd gila ede gin dB 5B xdo ajon leh thie idn mnt IV)CG danh knock-out ma né xde dinh sf chuyén ding knock-out. cyc dat He théng knock-out cd thé vila 1a h§ cd khi mi nd 88 dling tém Imock-dut tnitic kni ding khuén,ma 14 hg thdng thly Ive ma nd dje 1p vol nah ding eda mdy (nin . cHUtNG 3 vat Lifu narfr péo NS 6 thé auye ajnh nghTa La:vat 11gu cht d86.ed thé nung néng cho min ra nhiéu lan sau khi ngugi.Né ¢é thé dige phun khudn,duge nghi8n wn lai va 1p lat qua trinh.tat nhign 1 vt Liga chat ado 38 bj mat phd chat kn qua trinh 45 1gp lat nhiu lin va 38 mit at cde tinh chit mong dyt.. Phan loai cdc vat 1igu_nhigt_déo: 4. Cée vt 118u v6 _dinh hinh:vgt 14gu nhigt déo v6 djnh hinn cd thé dd dang nhgn thay béi cdc tinh chdt cling trong sudt cla né.Mau sdc ty nhién : ola né 18 tréng nit nite hoje gin niu edt ving hoge mi mi dyo.Léat vat Fe 1igu nay cd d§ co nit rat’ nhd chi bang 0,5'- 0,8 %. ‘Tén thuong mai cua vat 1igu nay 06 thé xdc dinh Polystyrene (ps) polycarbonate(pe) Styrene acrylonitrile(SAN) polymethylmethacrylatewe ching rit thing ding cho oi hing cing neuiGp va gia ang db ot trong sudt Vat 1igu tinh thé: Load vat 14Gu nhigt ado nay tring clng.va ban dei vB d§o tinh nhung tnidng khing trong suét do cfu trié tinh thé gay can tré cho sf di cua cla anh sang .Cdc vat 1igu niy thing diye ua thich trong cng nghigp 1am 6 gia dyng-Bao gin: Polypropylene(PP) : Low density polyethylene(LDPE) - +) trang thap High density polyethylene(HDPE) BOL voi 1 sO Linh we cong nghiép,cde vat 14Gu sau day 1a thong thutng: potyester(PBT ¢ PEIP) : Polyacetal (POM) Nylon(PA’s) Sy phat trigén ola tinh thé: Sy phat trién cba tinh thé cla 2 vat 1igu néu trén ding vai tro quan trong trong sif thay déi cdc tdnh ch&t cla ching.d Polyme dang v6 dinh hinh thi hinn thd cba chwSi thién vé bat djnh.cde tinh thé thi cfu tric cd trét fea ee eee gitla cde cmt > xich od thé phat trién va Md vy tinh thé 2én 2én,chiém chb.Nic 0 ‘trong SuBt" phy: neue 2 phn vo cde & lim ngugi trong qua trim gia cing. te 6} neubi thép ob tgo ra a} trong sut cao hdn.Do d6 cde chudi polyme chuyén ding theo qui lugt adi not Ngu$i nhanh cd Khuynh hutng 1am déng bing,ngén can chuyén ding cla chubi va ngin ‘can sy phat trién oda tinh thé.Mnh chat cla cdc vat 1gu cd thé bj thay obi b3i sy sila di trong luyng phn ti va sy chia nhanh chudi,.S¥ thay 662 nhv thé sé 0d nigu qua khong chi ddi vdi cdc tinh ch&t cd hc ma thay GBicd sy din dy vet 1igu trong knudn. s Cht nhiét déo dan bd 1a vat 1igu cd tinh cht tung ty niu cao su,loai vat 1igu néy dige sit yng rat phd bién ca trong céng nghigp va gia dng.Thuge Togi nay gon cd ce chat nhigt dé0: Polyure thanes(TPU) Styrene Butadiene Styrene(SBS) Polyether block Amide(PEBA) __¢ Gao vat 1iGu cing nghigp/g thugt: DSi khi con goi la cdc vat 1igu nhigt déo dic bigt Polyphennyle sulphide(PPS) Polyvinylidene> fluoride(DVDF) Polyphenylene oxide(PPO) ching 6 nhiing tinh chat rat siéu viét nya (resins=nhya 0." .rnigt déo.(tr Cd sd hda hoc cla chat déorbang 1 /1/ D6 1a:. Niwa PS. MEELIS ERIKS 1+ Phn bigt: + Nhya nhiét déo : chay va déng cting bang sf lam ngudi + nhya mhiét cing: chay roi ding ating do sy nung néng hoe xi 1y nda chat - Nnya lam hang tiéu ding va cae chi tiét mi min thép : PP (Polypropylene) ; PS (Polystyrene) DPE( Low density PE = ty trong thdp) PE (polyethylene) —~ . HDPE (High density PE = ty trong cao) PVC (Polyvinyle chlorid) PMMA ( Polymethyl metacrylate ) ~ Nhya ky thait : chju min, chong va dip, bén chéc. PC (Polycarbonate). ) PAS (nylon 6) PA 6,6 (nylon 6,6) PA (Polyamide) (nylon! ‘ABS (Styrene co-polymers) PPO (Polyphenylene oxide ) vat 1igu siéu vigt = Chat nhiét déo dan hoi ( Elastomer thermoplastic) 6, 18 vat 1igu 06 tinh chit tung ty nit caa su (rubber) duige ding c& trong cdng nghigp va gia dung: *PY (Polyurethanes) SBS (Styrene Butadiene Sityrene) 2- Céc dang cfu tao’ cha vat 14Gu nhiét_déo + Vt 1igu nhigt déo cé thé cuge ang gi nhiu 1n nhung phim chdt gidm on khi ding lei . Ghiing 03 2 dang cu tgo: + Wt 11Gu v6 dinh hinh: (Amorphous materials) Tr. 8/3/ ~ cting, trong sudt = 03 co rat nhd (0,5 - 0,8 %) gim PS, PC,w thutng ding 1am hang cGng nghigp va gia dung trong swt * trong sudt, dai, bén cao chju va dp chju nhigt, chéin chdy - ¢8 gia cong ,d8 pha mu : PS 1A vat ligu ly tutng dé san xuat hdp cassete, video, vd CD, vo TV, hé din th lanh ...TERED FALE OLDIE DELETE ELL EL ETI OE IEEE = /2- - riéng d chau Au nam 1993; san xu&t 42.000 T cho cassette 84.000 T cho chi tiét TV trén toan chau Au, sén lujhg PS ndm 90 18 2,1 triguT + Nt 1iGu tinh thé : (Crystalline materials) - 18 v@t 1igu nhigt déo thutng cting va ban dai ~ khéng trong sudt ( do céu tric tinh’ thé can trd dnh sdéng di qua) ~ ding 1am cd dS gia dung va dB céng nghigp Gia dung : PP pe - LDPE HDPE, Hang cng nghigp : PA (nylon) — PAS (Polyamide) ~ PAG,6 (Nylon 6,6) PA es & 1990 :Toan thé gidi : itrigu T My + 25,000 T Nhat :181.000 T Chau Au 1310.000 T (50% PA6, SO% PA6,6) - PA 6,6 18 loai nylon ndi b§t nhdt , dc biét d nat - PA 6 cing phat trian tot PA due b3 sung ch&t gia cuthg phy gia, cde cht djn nhdm tang d} va Gp va chéng chdy. ~ Cin stt dyng hén hop PPE/PA ,ABS/PA , PP/PA . 2 trén th} trutng thé gidi thi PA chigém 53,4% cdc chi Hit nhya trong nganh 6 8 , 53,5 % cdc chi tiét nua trong nganh dign tl, 50,5% cdc chi tide nhya 48 1am mang ming.” + Su phat trién cla tinh thé = Cée tinh thé 0d cde chudi cau tnic trét ty va dL ming ~ Le gitia cdc m&t xich ctla chudi od thé phat trién —» tinh thé 1én lén. = Téc d§ ngudi nhanh cd khiynh hudng 1am dng cing, ngin can chuyén dong cla chui > iehd phét trign tinh thé —y vat 1igu kém trong sudt. ‘Thay di trong lughg phén ti va sy chia nhanh chudi sé lam thay ddi tinh chat vat 1igu —+ thay déi tinh chit co hoe va kha nang difn diy khudn., Co sd héa hee cla chat Vi_du: don tinh thé (monomer) Ethylene C, ue ‘a “Ne =o ae Nu_ pon tinh thE 2A don vj od 8 cia vt Lagu chide do, dan tinh thé Ethylene 14 den vj od 80 cha Polythene. Mi ddn tinh thé 6 thé duye cot 1a 1 m&t cba chudi xfch S = cde dn tinh tnd of thd aie ridt voi rhaa tao thinh’ 2 koh (cubs). Qua trinh d gol 1A sf Polymer hoa SSS _ pon tinh thé Vinyl chloride aye HL a tao nén do 1 nguyén tH bj thay a UNS thé boi 1 nguyén tit Clo H on - Gin da tinh thé Lin két chat chd vét nhau theo ehiGu ngeng tao thanh cde don tinh thé Vinyl chloride 14én x6t vob rihau tgo thanh Polymer cd én 1a Poly Vinyl chloride = PVC 148n két cba PVC nh sau:SAAT ALIVE ORR - 24/4 - = Céc san phim néi 12 1am ti PVC , thy chdt phdi tit 1 non hgp nhidu chat nhu sau, trén cd sd PVC : = Nnya Pvc = chat én dinh |: = chat déo hda 4 ~ phy gia bén va dip - mau pha - cht hap thy Ww = chit ching kndi va chéy. . + Nhigt 5 Khun va nhigt 4} 8 cudi pistonvit khi gia odng 1A khéc nha . Oi voi ting vat 1igu (xem bang) l + Nhwa PP : thutng ding dé din ra tém 1dn ding trong ngi that | 4- Su nhan biét cdc chat déo: : Ding phucng phép thit nung néng: = Chat nhigt déo sé trd nén mim true khi dat tdi 200° c. = Ch&t déo d&t nhigt sé sii bot va bat du ria ndt truve khi mm ra. PP: Ding kim giii 1 mu chat déo trén nggn Ita xanh cla din con. Quan sat i VA bing kh gidc 0 thé rhgn bide khd chin xéc edo logt chit déo . ( xem bang ) TT | Nya! mém ra? 1 {ABS | co 2] PA | knéng 3] PP | cd 4] Pye | co I : s] Ps |e} ee 6| PF : , , : . Ipheno| khéng vang Khong | it tkhet| lua sbi ics j = _Nnist a gia cong ¢ [Nga Ten goi day ab Janigt 4G xin Finsgt 6 8 cud (g/cm?) Ty 1g % sg thuy tinh 1 PS [0,306 1,05 : : 2 ABS | 0,4 0,7 1,06 - 3 Lope [1,5- 5,0 0,954 , 4 HDPE | 1,5- 3,0 0,92 D 5 PP 1,0: 2,5 1,15 (PPGR) 30% 7 PL oaks ~}36 pve [50,5 1,38 nem ; 7 PVC 0,5) 1,38 cxing ! Puta | 0,1 - 0,8 1,18 - | [9 pom Taye - 2,3 1,42 10 PPO | 0,5 - 0,7 1,06 11 PC 0,8 1,2 was [0,5 - 2,2 ia4 7 13 Pass | 0,5 2,5 1,18 = . chat déo dat nnigt : he 14PF | ,2 1,4 = ~ : is MF [1,2 -2,0 1,5 > : 16 MPF 10,8 - 1,8 1,6 17 +|.0,5 - 0,8 2,0 = 2,1 " ise. | 0,2 | 1,9 30 = 60100 250) quan nf cha €§ nehtng than vit chia cao vA chibu day thanh(om) pe) | 1/4? 1/20 | 18.| +2° 3 | 40 5° O , | 0,12. | 0,22 | 0,44| 0,87) 1,31] 1,74 | 2,19 \ i] 1 1 [o,22 | 0,44 | o,e8| 1,75| 2,62 ago las 1 1 ; ¥Yo,33 | 0,65 | 1,31] 2,62) 3,93] 5,24 | 6,56 — e 7 lovee | ove7 | 2,75 | 2,49] 5.24] 7,00 | 8475 € | 0,55 | 1,09 | 2,19| 4,36| 6.55] 8,74 | 10,94 § I “To,e6 | 1,01 | 2,63| 5,24] 7,86]20,49 | 19,12 g it TTo,77 | 152 | 3,06| 6,22] 9,27|22,23 | 15.32. | 2 a T lo,ee | 1,74 | 3,50| 6,92 [10,48 13,98 | 17,50 8 \ 0,99 | 1,96 | 3,94| 7,85 [11,97 ps7 18.68 3 tao | 28 [4,98 | s73hst0h7,48.| 2.87 | r,21. | 2,39 | 4,81 | 9,60 b4,42 his,21 | 24,06 7,32 | 2,61 | 825 [10,47 hs,72 [20,97 | 46,84 soolem | | ti ™ niga day thinh san pha nhya nit d3o Tonia aay min] chieu day truns binh | chiéu dy max (mm) (mn) (mm) 0,38 1,6 22. 1,0 24 8.3 O85 Té 64 09) 1,6 64 6,63 2,0 7.6 0,76 1,6 6.4 1,0 2,4 a5 chigu day thanh san pham (nm) —_—CHUONG 4 secccsnsaces Hf THONG CAP NAA r Gidi_thigu chung: Nguyén 1igu nhya chay vao léng khudn qua hg théng cap nhya nhut 3 hinh la 1 qué trinh co hoat d§ng nhu sau: ‘True tién nguyén 1igu nhya dyde dd dy cuéng phun va hé thdng kénh nhya dn dén 1éng‘khun, tgo hinh khudn béi nhya bj. néng chy. Kh nhya néng chay cham vao khudn lanh, nhanh chéng bj dng lai, tao thanh 1 1p vo ‘trong Khi phan chink van con 14 nhya néng chdy, xem hinh 20. Lic du 1dp nhya ding lei rét méng vi thé nhigt mit di rat nhanh, sau dd cang nhiéu nhigt bj mit di khi qua 1dp nhya ming tgo nén 1dp nhyfa ding day “hon. Sau 1 thdt gian, 1dp nha ding sé dat duge 3 day nat djnh thi nhiét thu duge ti nhya va nhigt ma sat sinh ra ti déng chiy sé can bang vdi lugn nhigt di mat. O thi diém nay, di dat aie trang thdi cn bang nh trong hinh 21. Vi nhya din nhigt kém nén 1dp vd ngoat sé déng vai trd 1A 1ép edch nig cho 161 trong cla nhya néng chay va giit nhigt cho 161 trong. Do dé nguyén 14Gu nhya van cé thé chdy qua 16i gids trong qua trinh phun. Néu téc 43 Phun tang thi 1dp nhya dong lai sé bj mong di do nhigt ma s&t sinh ra cao hon. Tong ty nhu thé, d§ néng chay va nhigt d> cla khudn cao sé lam gidm 43 day cua 1dp nha dong lai .(hinh 22 ) BE cé due 1ép cdch nhigt bang phdng, khSng nén dé cd géc nhgn 1am cén ‘trd dong chéy. Hon nia ving 14m ngudi chim khé qua diye J cudi cba cudng phun va kénh nhya tét nhdt 1a 1am giéng nh ding cho vat ligu cthg, didu nay cho phép nhya néng chay cé thé chdy qua nh trong hinh 26 va H.27. Chi y: Khi trong khudn cd kénh nhya dai thi ving 1am chim nguSi 1a can thi ‘udng_ phun: Cudng phun 1a chd ndi gia voi ptun cla my phun va kénh nhya. Sd d3hinh 25 18 kiéu rat don gién cla cudng phun ding trong khudn trite ( loai Khudn 1 t&m). as BSL vt Lovd Khun 06 2 tn, nn od 1 née nhd d cudng phun ad dé phi” gp véi chd khéng khép nhau nhy trong hinh 23,~26- Hinh 19: Hé théng paunSoe SSE TE Re -27- | dp vo dng cing l uo chr 7 -, CAO -a bane oye finn 21 NaN HAT nee | | air” Hinh 22i Cuéng_phun don gian (/) 8 kion trudeSER: OT SER PR LARA SS -29- So dS hinh 24 1a 1h théng cudng phun duge sit dung théng thu nhat ¢6 bge cudng phun. Bac cudng phun thutng due tdi ctihg dé khéng bj + phun cda mdy 1am hong. Gmi ¥_: Kidu bee cudng phun niy cd thé duge dp dung cho t&t cA cde nha cr cap thin Khun. ae Kich thude cudng phim phy thufe vio 2 yéu td: ‘Aq KhSi lung va d§ day thanh cla san phdm’ciing nut loai vat Ligu nhya dhige st dung. Khi biét auye Kndi. lubhg cla san pham( tinh ping gan) duting kin D cé thé auje xdc dinh niu minh hoa sd 3 B- Kich thude 16 voi phun ctla may ciing anh huting dén kich thude cla cut phun . ‘Theo xd djnh nh hinh 33 d3 md cudng pium ( ky higu B ) phai 1dn he dung icinh migng 16 cia voi phun cla méy gia cong nhya ti 0,5 dén 1 om, Tuy nhién, phai chi y ring cde nha ché tgo khun thutng phdi thay, af voi cla my gia céng nhya dé phd hgp vdi kich thude cudng phun tiét kiém nh&t theo yéu cu cua khudn. Ban kfnh trén bac cudng phun va voi phun phai tao nén duge sy 1ién ké . phi hgp gitla ching. Bén kinh trén bec cudng phun phai ldn hon 2 - 5 mm sc voi ban ikinn cla voi phun dé dim bo khdng cé khe hd gitia cudng phun va v | kh ching tiép xic vot nhau. Khe hd nhut vay cé thé 1dn din 1én gay ra mt R 36 vin dB nut rd rh vat 1igu. | © S60 oGn ola exging pun rét quan trong bot vi nu, ge cGn qué mh3 6 th gay ra khé khln khi thdo cuéng phun khdi bac cudng phun. Cin néu géc con qua to, 1am cho phn déy cla cudng phun cing phdi rat 1dn ,ma digu nay an hutng dn thdi gian lam ngupi. Vi vay géc con téi thiéu nén 1a 1° . Krk e Kénh nha 14 dogn néi gita cudng phun va migng phun. Kénh nha phai di thiét ké-ngén dé 6 thé nhanh ching dién diy long khudn ma khéng bj mat nhidu 4p lye. -Kich thude cia kénh nha phd ai nnd d3 1am gid phd 11gu v lugng nhya trong long khuén, nhung phai ai dn dé chuyén 1 lugng vat 1igu dang ké dé dién day léng khudn nhanh va gidm sf mit 4p lye & kénh nhya va céc migng pun. Hinh 28 dén hinh 32. i Kénh inh tron nhud hinh 28 due ua chugng hon bdi vi tiét dién ngan, : hhinh trén sé cho phép 1 lugng vat 118u tdi da chay qua mA khong bi mat nhigu nhigt. Tuy nhién vi myc dich ché tao khudn, loai nay d4t hon vi ként nhya phai ndm d hai bén cla mt phan khudn. Kénh hinh thang d inh 30 cling cd 1gi nhung sé phai sit dung nhiéu vat 1igu hon.$o vdi kénh nhya tron. thi kénh Alnh thang dé gia cing-30-a ee ee kénh phai di qua 1 mat trugt. Logi kénh hinh thang cé cde gée nhon nhu hinh 31 khdng tét bang vi nd tén nhigu vat 14gu hon. Loai kénh hinh chi nhgt nhut hinh 29 khing nén ding vi ed thé o6 nhibu sf cd. Kénh nhya hinh ban nguyét va hinh cung d hinh 32°. 14 load t84 nhdt va khéng auge dia ra gidi thigu nila. Tém lai: tiét dién ngang cla loai kénh tSt phdi 18 hinh tron hofe hirh, thang . Kich thude tiét dién ngang ca kénh phy thuge vao d5 day*thanh, Khdi lung cla san phdm cing nhut load nhifa’stt dung. Quan hg giiia cdc sd lugng thay d5i ding cho ABS ,Polystyrene va Cellulose nhu trong hinh We Khdi luong tinh bang gan D= aiing kinh cla tiét dién ngang tinh bang mm S= 2§ day thanh tinh bang om Quan hé gitla cdc thay di ding cho Polycarbonates, Polyamides, Polyacetals Polyethylenes va Polypropylenes nhut hinh + Kénh nha phai due thiét ké dé dién diy long Kruén ding ty 19 qui dinh 48 tran qué luyng din dén sy 3 , bi cong vénh. Dé trdnh dige diu nay cin cé sy can bang hé théng kénh riya. 7 Hinh 39 da ra Logi Khuda nhidu léng khudn oS 1 dogn ngén & cud ding kénh riya 3 long khudn cudi cling 14 két qua cla hg théng kénh nia, whdng cn bing ( Kénh cn bing nhn tao) ; ‘Prong thye té, sau khi thit nghigm khudn, sd migng phun cla nhing long Khun chia duge dign day phai tang kich thnide 1én, sau dd viée phun tiép ‘theo duge thye hién nhiéu hon , migng phun due md rgng néu cn thiét, cho én khi. sén phim age ain diy trong t&t cd cée 1éng kwon. Bign phdp tdt nhat 1 cho d§ dAi cla cdc kénh nia ciia tdt cA cde san phém nhut nhau , (..k8nh nhya dye cn bing ting phn ) Ginn 37 ,cde kénh nhya va cdc migng phun d3u duge lam tét, dp lye trong tat cd cdc san phdm nhut nhau. Nhuge diém 1a d} dai téng tuong di ldn. Nung di co nhing h§ thing aye phét trign dé md phéng ding chdy nhya khi qua hg thng dfn nia va long Khuén nbd 1am'téi hign lei qua may vi tinh. NGi chung, nhing h8 théng n2y" cho ta nhing kich 'thude kénh nhya toi un. Xem hinh 34 .Néu khdng cd. sln hg thing méy vi tinh md phéng, ta cd thé cn bing 4 dai cla cde Kénth nhya bing cach st dung céc sd 3 don gidn nda “nhut hin 40, “Che migng chun va Khuyét tat kei phon nua: HG théng migng phon 18 1 diéu cén dang aige tranh cdi va KAS of aye: 1 thidt ké chinh xde. Ming phun 1 migng mi giila kénh nha vi 1éng kun.aoe ReX-(2to5) hun xem hinh 567/a ae cudng pt chuan cud Kich thude tiéuES REE SE RTL BLES 800. 700: a W = Knd1 Lugng (2) D = Butng In mat cdt ngang (q = Chiéu day thanh (Cm ) 500: 400: (Chinn 35 va 36 )+ 2253384 45555665775 8 —=— 0(mm) Hinh 35 800 - 700: 600. 500 400 300 200: 100:& | 5 léng khuén 6 léng khuén oe sin | o ae : 16 Lang Kudn Bee eee a Pee | : 32 léng xhuénpat e i m | be | BOF 28 | 2,0 4,0 3,7) 25 6,25 4,910 : 5,8! 30 | 90 | 7,069 3,535 10,8 8,41 35 | (12,25 62 | 48m 14,7 13 4,0 16,0 12,566 6,283 19,2 150 45 | 20,25 15,904 7,982 24,3 19,2 50 | 250° 19,635 9,818 30,0 233 5,5 30,25 23,758 11,879 363 218 60 36,0 28,274 14,137 43,2 33, 65 | 42,28 33,183 16,592 507 39 Oe le ey 38,485 19,243 588 46,1 75 | 56,25 44,179 22,080 67,4 526 80 64,0 50,265 | 25,133 768 60,: 85 72,25 56,765 28,373 88,3 68, 9,0 81,0 63,617 31,809 97,2 %, 95 | 90,25: 70,88 35,44 108,3 85, 10.0 | 100,0 78,34 39,27 | 120,0 94, 10,5 | 10,25 86,59 43,295 | 1325 103, 11,0 | 121,0 95,033 47,517 145,2 M4, 15 132,25 103,869 51,935 | 1587 124 120 [40 113,097 56,549 1728 135RRR IS GR REAR RTE ECON & Cée migng phun thing due git d iden the nd nhdt vA ae mY réng nu can thiét. Nnthg migng pun 1h rét tét cho sf chiy én cia cla ding nia. Tuy nhién, {TO ngai 1A phat 06 thin nguyén cdng cdt va nd dB let vét oft 1én trén san phém. V4 trf cla migng phun 14 rét quan trong. Gt st nut aiSu keto phun i. knudn va. thiét ké sdn phim hon toan ding, nhung vj tri sai cla migng 08 thé ‘tao ra mit, 36 knuyét t2t khi phun khugn nh minh hoa sau. Ac_Vat_duge -phun ‘ngdn: Hinh 41 Qua ra 1 vat duge phun bi ngfn d ch3 mi 1éng khuén dé din By qui dat. Wt Liga by dng cing nét true nt én phiin due din diy « = Hinh 42 14 trutng hyp nde ola vat 148u dike phun bj nggn 8 not ma sn phn ninja chiy qua me tiét dign ming df vio tide aign ay non. rat c@ & le dd by mt di va nha dB ding lei nét trude khi cd thé vio tide dign ming tiép theo. Hinh 53 ui cian le pve vino ny ting cen aft mids pn & B si in chin bi cong, vénh ign prun nut 3 nin 53 6 thé gy ra cong vénh cho cée ogi sin phim dai nhu d hinh so + Boi vd logi sén phan “ahi, thang ‘cd 1 miéng phun ‘nung tm, 2a hung cla edu tric pin bY nhya sau khi phun khugn 1a sé gay ra sy udn cong. PB cong ed thé duyo gidm di nhd cé migng phun rét ring - anh hinh 52 {i907 atte cing ceva tt on vier vy af tim bot rhing san pha bj, méo. C-Buting han: Hinn 46 chi ra trutng hgp khi nya chdy qua sén phém, nha bj. dng Jak nhtGu ofa nBs mi int nb chdy quann vt cdn nish et mt, n5 sé voog O° av pha exgn tSt vét nhau vi do 45 dB let phia sau mit ating phn bist get 1a ding hin. Gta php Khdo: prye 14 md mit migng phun 3 mat kia oda san phdm . Nhung trong nhiéu triting hop vin eé ang hin rho. Can chi ¥ rang, van oB vit auge phun b{ gin o§ thE knde phye bing céch ed 1 migng phun tring tam , nhung digu nay lai gly ra cong vénh san phim Gach khde a khde phyo 1 Lam nhiSu migng phun hon. Hinh 55 va H.56 Bick thifu oat Khun ob 2 migng pun. Nuke dim cila nf thang nay 1A ta hai mgo him e6 dung han d ch3 ma nha tt 2 migng ghun'chdy ra gip nhau. O rin a8 ted ninja chdy qua 1 cla hep vio trong 1 1éng Khun én 6 th Di tao thanh auSi. 5i8u nay 6 thé xdy ra cd khi long khudn di hoan toan dy. Mign phun nhu ¢ hinh c6 thé 14 1 giat phdp nhung céch tét hon 1a ¢ hinh 47d dy nina néng chdy ra ngo&i cham vio onde,Sh phan bj ham coHinn 51 Hinn 52 Hin 54 ajo. | |. beg. inh 56E> Hom co: Hinh 43. chi ra ham co d san pham. Tat nhign 1a cd thé cai tién age thige ké Khun ( xen nin 54 ), nhung do ninja phat .chay qua 1 tiét dig mméng, nn kiée git age ép ye knuin cao of 1ém diy ede inoing tréng.DiSa ny xdy ra bit vi nina co 19 d de ain aiy. thay Bi, vi tri cla iigng 05 thé o8 tac aung. Cén 06 cdch khdc 1 thay dBi ‘thiét ké san phdm. CO thé tét nhdt 1A tién nanh cd 2 cdch. F- Can knit . _Trong trutng hop nly khdng khi b ket led nh d hinh 44. . Naa dang chdy quant 1 onde vi, sau a5 ni chy naue.Jén va ie veing thodt ra age. » Neu Khéng 6 16 thodt khi cé thé dt 1 miéng phun kigu duiéng ngdm gn dinh khuén.( Hinh 45) ’ Céc Kiéu migng phun: A> _NiGng phun cudng “phun: tifa pian outng ptun age cing Ya bgo cng phan of tnd dln riya try tiép vao Léng khudn. Kigu nay t6t cho cdo loai sin phén 16h nina 36 ang nude, khoang sau cla tivi. Nnage aim 14 phdi chi phi thém dé ‘tach migng Phun sau khi phun khan, B- Migng phun canh: Migr pun cam 28 ktéu mifog pun rile thing dre, 6 th sit dng cho tat ca cde loai san phim. ‘Tuy mhién phai “tinh dén phi tdn ct bé'nd. Kida migng phun nay thuthg diye lam khéng chinh xde. Dudli dy 1A 1 sd Kida Hinh 57 dua ra 1 vi dy dB gia céng nhung ding nhya qua rat han ché (Loa migng phun hinh bén nguygt 1a toi nhat). Hinh 58 dua ra kiéu migng phun ma nhya ed thé chdy vao long khuén d& dé hon, Chi ¥ oat nay cing tt vit tide atga chit nnge. Hinh 64 gidi thigu 1 k1éu migng phun tét. Qué trinh cét migng phun due, thye hign dé dang va vit 1igu nhya od thé chiy rét tt. Tuy nhién cé thé cdi tign 14 thén 1 dogn cén ¢ khuin phia true. Gm yi Migng phun cdng ngdn céng tét. Cé thé 18 0,8 - 1,5 om Trong; ing dung trys cé, migng phun canh ed thé dit 3°b8 mat ddy ola san pham nh inh 65 + Chi y rang thuong sé cé 1 khe 3nh sing ddi dién true tiép vdt.migng phun. C- Migng shun kidu bang: ( Hinh 63) Loai nay’ khing théng dung 14m. Chi ding dé khde phye nhing tne trée Jet bt tao audi. dis vée cla ming phun rt dh vA oht ph edt migne chun duge tinh vao san phim.(7c D> MiGng_phun iii Lost nay rat thing dung, cb ws diém 1a nd ey oft _ ki san pham nhya bot edy ra khdi Khun. Dau vst cia migng pun lens hte tniét phat trén duting phan’ khuén , nghia YA oO thé agt migng phn trén nhihg ‘duiing hoa. van, cthg gén ma khong nhin thy diye. Neng vin dB ve thoat knf gidm di ange igo atin dy dy ola ing Hnusn va sax o5 wht thot ra qua ding phan knuin va ou vét migng phan cing knd ntdin thdy hon. inh 60, 72 va @ igre phun asing Kin cing 05 thé ding wi ieuén true . sin phn gus ning van aie eft ai m8 6} phn md cla Wnuén , nung ob rine din 1én 2A sn phan bj a{nh vdo Khuin trude. WGe tring hep We 12 06 migng pun ing Min o ott dy niu rink 79- Madre pron fing hin 3 ort diy rt phi ngp trong tring Ix Ming thé ie ing him & ning ding gin hoge ding hoa vén- © Binh Hinh 59 fata ra Wek ning thay 481 @itng phn Khon o& ot migng prin Hinh 72 end ra 1 kigu thige Ké t8t cba migng pun ding nim. Tuy nhién vveng nnibo tring ge, vén ve ming phun ang in theo o} 1G 1én hon oe onde chin ring san phim ding vi tri. Hinh 71 fade ra kigu migng phun ding hin dit hon 1 chit so vol kiéu thing thutng ¢ hinn 72 _ Kiéu nay 06 nhiing us diém 1a : ego ra 1 migng phun ty oft dB hon so vii migra pun auth nin tng thudng. Nou migng phun cha bf ct’ th phn cn let oba ming pron 6 thd ngén cén sf théo sin phém. ° be Bay 12 hi thing tot dé tanh van d8 tao aut. eo Rat pnd hgp voi nhiing sin phém mong- Hinh- 61: Kigu nay 6 igi 18 tao nén daa vét cba migng phun d ch3 Khong nhin thay. wieng prun nay Oizo by c&t do sy md cha Youn . Nung nage Giém 1 454 - whi of vée bong xudt nign 63i, dign vot cla. (H.61) Hinh 73 cho iden thide cua migng phun d H.61, MsGng phon ding him c6 thé lam theo 2 céch Khée nhais ns aalang phun ding Rim aye chia thinh 2 mila ging haa die chs to ping gia céng tia Wa dign hoje ping phay chép hinh. “( Hinh 79 ) be Gach thi 2 1a tgo ra profin trén mia seonding thi 2 ( Hinn 80). FeMsgng phon, diém-chdt: (Hinh 67) ads nly wing ang wi cau tric Fenn 9 tn o6 ning 2éng wun 260 ma cn nhiéu miéng phun hon, hoge cho logi xkhudn nhiéu long khudn. He thongTNS SS AE RA AAA PR EE RN EE & koh nha thuing 18 hinh thang @ tiét aién ngang. . Kdch thite cla migng phun diém-chdt rét quan treng,néu dim chét qué to hoe phn cGn qué nhd thi dau vét cla nd sé thay rat ro. Hinh 76 chi ra quan hg cla cde thing sO khde nhau g miéng pun diém - chét . Theo tinh todn chung R = 2 xc thi chidu dai B 1A khoang 1 - 1,5 mm Hinh Migng phun digm-chdt duge ding khi cho phép cd du vét cla migng phun trén bS mt san phim hoge trén mt chd 1ém cla sén phdm.(Hinh 77), Hinh 78 dua ra 1 kiéu thugn tign khi migng prun diye dit d trong 1 hée cha san phim . Theo cdch nay gidm bét duke st va dap cla khuén 3 tém. Migng phun d diém-chét vei d§ day thanh tang 1én 3 mat ddi dién tgo atu Xn cho dong nhya . Kiéu nay rét tot cho nhiing san phdm o6 tiét dién ngang’mang. G- Migng phun kiéu cdi quat: (Hinh 87), . ‘Logi nay tét cho ning sén phém khé dién day nhu san pham nhya Acrylic,nhu nhing cla sd. Us diém 1a vat 1igu chdy 1én hét be rgng cla sin phim. ‘Tuy nhign phdi chi phi cao khi ct migng phun. Ming prim Riéu cdi quat thiét ké nhut d ninh a7 1a tét nhdt . trong truing hgp hay 3 diy D 12 nhw nhau trén chigu dit oda ming phn. He Migng phun hinh dia: (Hinh 69). Midignay ding a3 din dy.1 lang khugn ti i née trong sén phdm. vat 11gu ‘tt cudng phun chay ra ngoai va tat cA cde tigt dign ling khuin duge din dy cing 1c. I- Miéng phun vong tron: — (Hinh 83) Loai nay ding dé din vgt 11gu vao sin phém hinh try did cé nhing tiét ign mong. Vat 11Gu lam diy sén phim ngay. Hinh 84 14 kiéu khdc cla migng phun ving trén cd thé due ting dung cho nbiing khudn nhigu léng khudn.Migng phun diém tién phorig: @ migng prun aiém tin phing thi trong mia Khuda & phia vot phun o3 1 edimbid " (tin phéng) age gia cdng, ma nd dio ndi voi Léng khugn qua 1 kénh migng phun md rag hinh céa. Khi hoat ding, théng qua véi phun cla xylanh héa déo, ti8n phing atige 1am in va trong eii bn lia tién thi nd aye ain dy hon toan bt chat déo. Miy ding let d v4 trf ndy nghfa 1A naw ta Lan vie Wt * we “Phun ding" . Trong chu iy ngén, luthg nhya td tei 8 trang thai do & 161 cla tin phing va aiye phun qua trong od bén sau. Nguyén 17 1m vige ola ming ph diémtiin phing mS ta trén H.ss. Prin cSt déo d trung tn ma trong mi ed bln nd ae phon qua, de cach Jy nid 1ép cht déo dA ngugi d thanh cla tin phing. Hon nila, mgt khe hd King Kiet G sang quanh bge cudng phun s& Lim kh6 ign cho sf truyén nhigt ‘tl tién phong vao khudn di ngudi Giai phdp mS t& 3 hinh ag Lam vige che chin bét lutng chit déo cé 1 ving mhigt d} dao ding ring khi dién ra 4-5 ci bén trong 1 phit . Néu nhiing thai gian chu kj a5 1A khing thé aye thi trite nét tin Phing phat auge nung ning. piu a dign ra vi dy bit bén trong ra, doh iin mht 14 bing cdch io dit vO1 phun ela xylanh héa do qua 1 mild nhgn bi ve 14gu an nnigt tét.vat 112u cla mild nhgn ndy 1A dng va hyp kim Géng . Mit tin phing diye mung néng cho 6 hinh 99 + Mil nhen cla vot phun phi gti cho ahd hon so wit née.clia bee, cutng hun . Nh ‘trong qua trinh diu tign diln diy khusn, nO S diye bao bye bi chat déo éng , nd 58 ding cing va tri thinh vit cdch mhigt ehdng 19d khan nent. Hinh gg + Bec cudng phun véi ti8n phing Hinh 89 + 1460 phéng diye mung néng qua mii nhn ea vot phun Hinh 90 + Ming phun tin phéng’ voi 1 théu kinh 461 vot migng phun dién mA n6 sé phn chia nha t3t hon.“ Bén phd: phéng to X ( ich thute bang m) Butng kein cla migng phun diye tinh todn nh tét c& ede migng phun, ‘enérg.phut thuge vao hg théng, tinh theo chiSu diy thinn ola sin phn va theo loa chit déo dine gia céng. whin chung 06 thé nét réng sén phém cing 0B dune ieéo aie indt ming phun aiém nu tit dtén ngang migog phun cang nhd,. 8 06 migng pun ahd nut ob thd aye ,o5n gia odng o nnigt 3 cao hon. Tuy nhién né by gidt han bét sy nhay céminhigt d} ola cnt do. Bogan thodt ra hinn cn eda kénh migng phun yéu clu oS chiu aid nhd Khoing 0,6 ~ 1,2 mm, nhi dé dé téch dike of ming phun. xn théo sén phénoi cla nif pn 298 anf mira eno oa trims ain er ‘tiép theo. Mt 23 chdt ado (nh Polystyrel) ¢6 knuynh hung et kéo atte van con nhihg syi td. L3c bigt Kni migng phun nh} sé than Ig heh (Lt td heh) - Wigng phun én thi trong Bi cba nd chit’ do van cén mm ato, GE bi kéo thinh to , g@y hd khan cho sy thao Khun Mr ose cue prun 6 gt dia vit trén sin pide rn nest ta Uang 2 ge gin &i va 2ép vio nila Knién pri vol pun Hep oh Néu voi pun cba ey héa 6 cde c&t sau (ninh 90 ) thi & théo knéi rinja 3 tin phong kni né dng cing. con Wndi nhya db 88 duge théo Dang tay hoge barg 1 65 gd riéng.:' Hinh 91: ‘tin phing vel bee euéng phun nit ngén Hinh : (sip pal) tide 18 endo( eS) evfng phen. Hinh =: con trugt de ‘ad thio cudng prun trong tén din hung gitia Khun va +m kep. ge ved ning rit ering minn of éo ouSng pun ra hOt bas ousng Pron cho Ghinh 92 « @ gid phép nay, cure pun dive 1@y ra knot bac sadng phon thing qua tée ding ola sok én cha 1 8 hinh ving. tron. Cho Ce iin inate eld né ah om dino Ot ph OE kandi Khuérs. Sau "ad nén auge ofp vao dB va emuyén dine then Pring vb! pian, Dé 6 34 19s (3 vl ay nly) 5m. sau 1 hanh trinh bang Sim, knit tin trye tigp di tdi ge cha cudng phun va tng nd ra nana. Hinh 92 +: euéng phun od’ migng phun diém dé @& thdo bang Knt nén iden thud bang mm Phun khong _¢6 cuéng phun: hi phun khéng ¢d cuéng phun, voi phun ap s&t trye tidp vo san phim va 1iGn ng-vai sn phém qua 1 diém hin 93 md t& 1 voi phon m nd pian \eiing © cure phan, Mgt du cba voi phun khép kin kewén. qua dd, & san phém co: ed 1 afa vée nt 18 ( mln thy vA UE mic 8 one). Nave ta hl gl eno cho Lin vit pan bé mht ob thé axe, ang len Sos phun khéng vugt qua 6-12 mm. vi trong qua trinh pm, voi pun co tiep vse wit iawn auge Ying oné ritgt trong that gin ob ap Ie aéi theo, | nn ping pip niy enl'de aie axe of ch ‘yo ode cnt tt thn ming véi thdi gian chu ki) ngén. pé trénh sif dong otng cla vol phun ma n6 chi ane att Oe oe tt, phubng phép nay thuing ding 6 1am céc db bao gét. es : phun khéng cé voi phun Hirh 96: phun Khéng ¢6 vot phun nawén 15 phun niy 6 ide qu Knit nnya aie tiép tye din qua ode kéoh chia nya vi dy nhu & migng phun diém - ikéo ait, Vi voi phun cua cum&) hia do au ko dit dén tn mgt phdng cla keh chia nia, adn § af Khéng cBn cudng phun nia’, Binh 96 cho thy 1 tp hep ce phutng én ptun tang oS cudng pian, ching tuy oii oli nung rét trye'quan, d a odo m3 th va ta ft dé tat dau vét ¢ sdn phn. High hay cin hay ding dang va nh 14 miéng phun digm tin phing ding cho chdt do min, ~Ktuén khéng 06 b§ ade néng phy ~Hhuén 68 1 bidik chia nha auje ming ning “MivEn 6 si phit hep gil b phn chta riya vi Muda inh ning.yond, 0 Keni ning GE ech nhsgt Sch nina due gach ohigt vai bg mung néng téen phong4p lye | (bar)£3. G inwSn kndng duige mung néng thi vé nguyén téo, b> phgn chia nhya sé by ding cthg Knit gidn.dogn lim vige. Lighg nina c& ding cing dd can phat auce ly di trie Khi KhuSn hogt djing trd lei. 6 Khwin khéng duce rung ning, nevi ta dia vao 1 mgt phin khuén thi 2 ,,¢ 45 06 1 b9 pag ding mann ( nhu 1 chdt chuyén di, 1 cdi nang chuing hoge 1 cai giit ming wvaSt ) ma nhS dé 88 dB dang tach h§ thing phun da ding cting. Kinh 95 —: Kiuén co kénh cach nhigt: voi bd gil ming wudt Hirh 94 + DB phn chia cach mhigt véi sy nung ning tién phing Hinh 94 md ta 1°két céu phdi hop gilla kénh cdch nnigt vé kénh néng. Logi nay duye ap dng Khi thi gian chu ky ting di di ( tdi 2 phiit). ‘t phn ktwGn phy nhd 6 nhanh chéng tach diye b§ chia nhye GA dérig cting . Lugng ninja d trong ving phn die gilt d nhigt d} gia cong hd 1 cai ndng ¢6 dt néng bén trong. Nase diém cla nhihg Kinh chia nya ty cdch nhigt 1@ vat 1igu ot iting ving ‘hy ding oting:e6 thé bj aia theo vio 1éng Khun 1am gid chat tung sin phdm. Vi véy nhing chi tit od gid tr} Ky tuft cao phat diye cng tgo bing khuén cé kénh’nhya néng. Knin c6 2 mbit ~ Kénn h dé Naije diém cla cde Ktuén thing thing ed thé tran aige nhi sit ang hg théng phun cé khéng ché nhigt tach roi. . ‘trén cd sd cdc ky thugt gia cing khdc nhau Khi gia cGng Thermoplaste va Elastomeren/duroreren thiting thiéu sf xde djnh vé ngn ngit khi mS tA hé théng nay. Do d5 ede Khai nigm kénh néng va kénh lenh cling nhut khudn gia céng Elastomeren va Duromeren diye sit dyrig Sao cho 1 sy gidi han 1a cn thiét . hi gia oGng Thermoplasten thi hg théng pun diye wring ché mhigt gol 18 kénh néng, «NS 6 rhigm vy 12 giit eho vit 14gu & trang thai ning chy ‘si vat pun cla néy dén ming phan va trim ay ding cing ola vgt 1G ‘trong hf théng phun. Mie nhigt 45 cla ng théng 66 phat cao hon mic nhigt 66 ofa phin con let cba Kewén . HB théng phun hing duye khéng ché nhigt goi 14 kénh len. Cac ng théng kérh néng mB td cde hg thing phun cng nehf die khéng ché maigt phat trién rng rai mht ti sy phn chia nha théng thudng dén hg ‘thing duge 14p vao é prét teidn nf théng Kann ning dS hon 20 nim cng nehe Weng ond - cde nha ché tego may, cdo nha sin xudt iva, cdc Vign va cde nha lim tié chudin than gia vao ma cén v6 sé cdc xudt ban pham va cdc tai Ligu ky tumugt khdc.Sa EPAPER Gao eh tide In nh bing mgt eng n5 ala 3 23 jbar'de sol, wi. computer Wess 88 Khong oh tao auige néu’nhu khdng ed nhiSa ang din chde ato. nat ta phis ond tao rhihg kita re 1cn, wit chia did vot ghun 800 mm va chiéu dit kénh chia nila 1én 1800 om. uit prét até a8 cron 1 ng théng inh nog able din no #6 tudn 18 Wat 1igu ntule axe ela ofng.i@ thing kéon néng ob hang loat ut dtém eo wt be thing leing aige ting ch nhit, oning King chd od win vibe ob mgt kinh £8 ma cén vé mat cng nghg nila. Cac uu vist v8 mit kinh ~ Mét idm vit 12a ng thdng phn vi gid thinn gia ong sau a (a tien va md ring hg théng phun) = Tit gian oh ioy ngén, ing olin emit gian dé téch con nhgn phn, ‘thot Sian Lam ngupi lang on phés xo anh qua thot. gian ngudi nd théng phon nila , khéng c&in 1hi voi phun ve. . = Gil iy nnd cing ding, cde Kénh nasa inng tgo ra oe ye lim vide idm thé ten ting 13n pun trén chim thé ten kd plum (nila nde 2 hia 1ng mun thl tit id age mhida thé ten iden niga) ~ Prong thie id oS thd ding nnida cht tse t1éa chun. Céc va gt _vé cong nghs: mit mat ap lye. ~ 03 thé cd fp ive audi theo 14 hon, ~ SM odin bang h théng phon ed thd ane thé htén thing qua af dtu lenin nhige 45 hogc 1 cv cf dio bage (vi dy atu oninh vine nd wing hoe ding ming chdn & trong kénh chiy). ~ Bing cich ding vO1 phan dang kim 261 Wht ob thd tinh atte ay tgo nn mdi han, Sw nhién hg thong kénh néng cling e6 nhing hue digm: Nouge diém vé Kinh té 76 nhigu phd phém hon. ~Kt cfu khugn adt tiSn hone “Gia thin lenin cao hon do phi chi tgo wi ifp ait ode thige oy phy (cde phin 8 nung ning, 6§ dn huge vA bg phn aia kién nhidt) ~D8 gp trye tric heh .tm = Clin ngudi cd trinh 43 tay nghé cao hon do thas téc khd hon ( xem xét thiét.bj , cenh ching , kiém soat miy) Nn _ 03 ngy niém gly ra nhing mit hai vB nhigt 6 nniing vat 1igu nhjy cam do con dating chéy 63 va téo godt can. ~ 54 king ché nhit Ming ding Bu din wit nha 0 chy Wael do a5 sf dién dy khong ding déu. ~ Khéng c6 mt phudhg tine di8u knién dp 1ye nao cls migng phin. inh 97 Hinh 97 : So sarh sy tigp tye cla dp lye trong ving dp lye dudi theo & 1 hg thong phun dong cing oO migng phun film Ceri) vib & wy pan tres vét kn ning vi vs pram 9 (phat) ap lye & trong krwén, ating han ap luce d ‘trong xylerh trén tin phing trye xodn vit. cua kénh va so sah vii ode 1: eS re ‘trén hinh 9814 1 88 kha ning cd ban cba so dd dan nhya chay Hin 98 a - g: cdc knd ning vé mat nguyén tde cla sy din nhya chy ‘bang cdc kénh néng : a) phun ¢ t&m mot san pham ‘b) Phun & bén d khudn cd 1 léng khuén. c) Phun trye tiép 4 tém nhiéu san phan 4) Phun gidn tiép & bén cha nhiéu san pham e) Phun nhiéu 1&n 4 1 san phim £) Pru trye tiép 3 bén cla nhiéu san pham. g) nguyén 1¥ kénh ning 3 khudn nhiéu tang. Migng phun tring tém cha 1 sin phd: (Hin 96a) Diy 1& 1gat don gin mht ola Kérh néng nt neg ta thay thé bee phun thong thutng, Ge bigt 14 ay pun digm tin phong bang 1 bac cuéng phan age mung néng hoge bing ede vbi prin age nung néng. ning c6 thé phn trye tigp vio sin phén hogc phun vao cde kénh chia nhya thong ‘thiting . CO cdc khdi nigm phun "trye tiép", “gién tiép" va phoi ngp. So sénh voi phun theo diém tién phing thi cd cdc uu diém’ sau: = Diu khién duige nhigt 45 — Qua dé khong phy thuge vio. lugng nya va cha ky. = Ging thich hgp véi knuén 1dn vi vuyt. qua due Khodng cach 1dn. = Ty theo logi voi pun, c6 chS ait sach va {t mat mat dp lye.Ming phun phia’ bén 4 kon don gin: -( Hinh 980) Su dn nha chéy @ khuén nhigu Long KhuGn: ( tinh 98 cd) Grn ning aa st amg afc bige thing myén int mA riya chy ate prin chia bén ngoit mit pain ida ela sin phan newt kit phun 3 tan ete nhigu san phim trong 1 ktugn (hinh 9ae ) hoc khi aan niga 1éng qua con dung dén san phim (hin 9gq ) 1 can thiét 1 cdch b&t bude. Ua Sip nhigu até vio 1 sn phan: (Hinh 98e) Cée chi tiét cd uy 18 gia aitng chéy/chidu déy thanh ldn, die bigt Sune cht tie 1m, cn due pun bét hub aim, nhd a5 o& tndng edn SY phun tt phia bén ( +H, 98f ) ede sin phim vit ede kénh néng ngSy nay 14 ch6 ang ola uy thufe . 9 ab eld sy mi ring ft 34 ola tent hen tere nly 146 eh : oy in lett 1A ao biGt tS, 190 gp ola mip ene tan dung ai d3 1am ye 1am kin. Cac truing hop’ dae bist: (Hinh 98g) Vige van chuyén chat déo 1éng ‘trong kénh néng tgo didu kign ad chon con duting vgn chuyén ‘bi do hit. Ngay od khi cht do 1éng aie din t3i ‘ti pha thao Khun hode tt phia ngodi Knuén ad vao long Khudn. Hinh cho thay chat déo léng dive din vao khudn nhidu tn, 1g Két cu va cdc thinh phn ola 1 nd thé kénh_néng: (Hinh 99) Sie Wn ng nd td 1 nf wing cng nan rat thie phgo, ma ins tp fgn ede che ning cla né 1a din chdt alo dng 1 och tayGe ho dis eke ming hun, né ob 1 ide cfu ting hyp. ge vi dy 1a kde ofa eho 2 woeby ‘TEN GOI var Lafu [- o1 | Tam khvtn 1.2764 02 | 74m trung gien 1.231 03 | Kndi 43 1.1730 04 | Tém kep 1.2312 os | Tém cach nhigt ring thong nhn tao/s¢i, thiy tinh 6 | Sich ¢jnh tam 1.730 o7 | ‘tan ton cy St.34 t 08: | Khdi kénh néng, 1.2312 i og | Tam tén phan xa AL.Mg 3/3.2525 | 10 | Bia ad 1.2787 a1 | Bia a 4.2767 12 | nat egy 1.0711, | 13 | Vong éinh vi 1.0711 a4 | Voi phuin 1.2718 15 | Cni tiét 1gc 11,2343 16 | Vong nung néng - a7 | vit dau xe + DIN 7991-8.8 | 1s | chdt ren DIN 915-454 F 19 | cadt ren DIN 193-454 i 20 | Gadt try DEIN 7979 ai | chot try DIN 7979 22 | Gyn mung néng céng suat cao a | 23 | cai dan nhigt Fe.Ou.Ni(Fe.Konst.) | 24 | Hop noi - 25 | vba phun céng suat ceo - | 26 | Vong kim logi hinh chi © 1.4541 i 27 | Lang khuin 1.2764 | 28 | Vong chit 0 ‘Viton inn 99 : Két oda va'cée thirh phn ola 1 hg théng Kenn ning.iC = oS = Khun mie @)phun gidn tiép —e)phun nhigu.diém £) phun gian' tiép Hinh 98 vao.mep.d Khuén” —vao 1 san phém vag can bén nhieu ‘nhigu long khuon sap_pham : Hinh 99 Hinh 100 Cée voi phun duge mung néng dé pun gién tigpes Hi théng Kénh néng Bao elm cée bee cuéng puny nal toa ringn chat dbo Ling ) thin néng cia vii phun ; Ld xo dia (F = 6640N), @) Khe hd d8 din nd nhigt 0,25 mn 3 A. @ 200° ¢ B- (A) rah a8 tach oniét (C) ithe hd a8 nhan din ng nhist a-cdi din bing kep b- than néng cua voi phun Ss day cn j-K~ sy thu nid tit dign agang i e- vi ted md King a thdn ning ola 16; b- than ning hinh try dng kn ; ©- edi dan nhigt (b§ cdm nhfn nhigt oB) Hinh 10114 voi shun a2n ho&e sting néng ¢ mung gian ¢: it. NO khéng nung ndng bang béng néng $0). d day nh oy dln nhigt t5t cla vat ligudi pun, thi nbige 6 kénh néng s€ truyén tél vo phan. Nhd sy cach pigt thi lugng nhigt tu voi phun ‘thodt vo khudn sé it nh&t. Nnigm vy By do tidn phing (ii01a) ddim nhigm. Bae tién phéng duge dién day bén crong bat 1 vat 14gu din mhigt kém,o bén ngo&s thi gie cGng think 1 nit nf. NS dam bdo cho voi phun lam vige each ly voi mi trucne. imi so sinh co vid phun H.10te va b thy 06 ef Yhdo nha sax: san phong cba H.201e1§A vio trong leuiin cho dn Yat tgp wie vét sin spdm va 02 lai 1 sy in déu trén san phém. Néu mon trénh sy in déu,tién sh nhigt sé kém hon. ging can duge nit ngfn nh d hinh 101b qua d6 sy t ainh 101 : a,b cde voi phun din nhigt vdi tién phing ding cho phun try tiép; c quan hg ve lye kep & : a) bac tién phing cing b) bac tin phong dan noi fe age diém nila of phén bigt chinn 1a age tinh dan nbi ola cd 2 tién phing . 3 voi phun 101a hi 14p rép chi, od hinh ding cia ving mat bich bi lan mung (Khodng 0,05 am) trong khi voi phun 101b thi toan b> tién phing gn ming do dan hSi (itho’ng 0,2 mm) . pidu kign dé gidi ven vit 14 1ye hogt dng tin oy (hiniraoie ) cho én wnt, 14én két chua chgt, 8 1 voi phun dan ni sé 1dn hon anibu so vat & vat pun cthg . Ngo’i ra nd cin phan'ting rat rhgy cam én sy Kep sd bP keing ding hoe céc thay di chiBu dai Inde trong he thine. vot phn din nhigt o6 tin phing so vt vbi pun aie ning néog Dn noi ynGng 06 tién phing, 06 cdc uk nhuye aiém sau Ua di 5 ~ ft tén kém, khong clin cde thiét bj mung néng riéng bigt, thiét bj do mhigt a, thiét bj diéu chinh. = Tach mhigt tét hon gidia vol phun va khuon. = Can it knéng gian hon Nnuge_diém = chia di voi phun bj han ché Khoang 2D = Lye hogt ding 1én mil diem: cdo voi mo de ni phon trye tiép (1.104 dén H.107) scdc voi, phun Két thle d miéne phun diém’eda khong tréng cba khuén. pé dann gid tiét dign ngang migng phun thi sy oft tin efy ola lugng nhya 1a quyét din. Chi tiét cang nang | thi iugng nya ph& di qua migng phun trong 1 édn vj thoi gian céng 16n va migng phun cang phai 1én.Hanh daik lero ©) Quan hv dp Iye d: a) bec tin phing cing, b) bac exén Hinh 101 an hé: 1 Hinh 102: két cfu cuk,t vot pan | Kerf nong.220V auige dét_nong bén ngodi 2p Bau vos phun, "5 Cun day rung 2 Than voi phun 6- Gn tiét nhiée 3+ Thdn CuBe dang vong 4 Chi tiét thép 7 ving 0 oa toi. Hinh 103: Voi phun kénh néng. Vong “nang néng dign ap thap - i+ Cun nung néng cd aign ap 16 2+ Than vei phun Cube % Chi tiét bang thépHinh 104 Hin 104 - 107: Géc vot | vinh 107 pron én rfiigt oB phun tre tiéprut CALI ORE RE HE RN ROE PR es Neay ca khi phun trye tiép nguii ta cing od nguyén 1y vot phon din nhigt voi tin phing. Bée bigt quan tryng cla sy phun tryc tig 1a a 56 tri wing migng phon. 13 migng phun trong bee tin phong 1a hinh tra hoe c6n va s8 tao nén d sin phim 1 cdi cd. Néu cdi cd nay khéng gay khd chju thi nd od thé niin 6 1 him hinh cSu 9 sén phém. Nhung phdd hoén ton trénn a8 cé 1 khe hd hinh tron hoge vot phun hirh kim. d sin phém bang PE od thé trinh age didu dé 1 cdch don gién bing cdch lam ed 15 théng d tién phing cé chidu on nguyo lei (hinh 107). Trong truting hgp nay khi thdo sén phan, cai 8 cén lai d trong tin. phing van ngudi va sé bj thdi ra trong 15n bén sau. . a Hinh 104-H,107: VoL phun din nhigt véi tin phing ding 6@ phun trye tide Mt phuchg dn dio bigt thi vj cla sy kep chit voi phun cho 9 H.106: @ iy than voi shun khéng aye vgn ren nhut Binh thutng mA age kep xudng gil ei phin chia kénh néng vi ti8n phing. Dé dat age dj icin 1am vise, Pdi gti aie 1 (ing sudt true gidla mgt bich kep cla voi phun va mét ide ca tin phing sao cho bich niy bidn deng di 0,02 - 0,05 mm. Higu qud kep chit die ting cuthg qui sf din nd dh hon eda vat Liga wt phun Khi bj nung néng. Ua dim dic bigt oda wii pian kep nay 1a d chS kénh chia nua 05 thé ‘trugt bén trén voi phun va tin phing khi din nd nhige. BS dat diye nhigt 3 cao niut of thé axe J mii plan cla voi phun, 6 nhing 161 khuyén sau day: : ~ Khodng réng cla tin phing khéng diye trye tidp gia cng 9 tdm khudn mA phat Lim bao ttn phing. Bec ndy 6 tit khf o8 odch nhiét wit tdn Khun. MBt tigp mic 14 cye tidu. : a. 7 Bee ei8n ping pdt Ga Lay tain 8B chtbu at 5 ed 5 ala vod shan. ~ Nii khd dutje 1am su dén mic dé thinh o&n lei oda tiSa phing cin khodng 2,5 om.& = Lép céch nhigt bing chat ddo > 3,5 - 4mm = Khoéng céch gilia dau phun cla voi phun va thanh tién phong = 0,8 mm _ caiSu dai max cha voi phun bang 2 14n ding kdnh phn van chat. niige bide nhiling vt phun on nhige mA ching ap sat ving migng phun vo cde tém Khudn hoge migng ghép knudn. cdc vot phun n& nén dling cho gia cong cht do nnigt. Ky thuft mi trong tac dyng 120 cue mhiét dO dé bj hu hai ve nhigt. Dé trénh nhling kho khan néi trén, ngay nay dp dung cdo hG thing Kénh wim 102 cho thay 1 voi phun Kénh ning duge mung néng ti bén ngoai nd aie +4 chun hoa va phi ngp wi tat od cdc cht odo mnige . nb wnde vi voi phun kénh néng GH103 4 logi dt néng. vinn 102: Céu tgo cla 1 voi phun kénh néng cige nung néng ti bén ngoai, 2 ye 220-¥ ( ng théng Thermoject) a-dliu voi phun ; 2+ vd voi phun ; 3 Dau cube ; 4 chi tiét thép di tdi (63 HRC); 5+ BS nung néng ; 6- Yéu t6 nhigt vong trén 37- Vong tron chi oO. Hinh 103: Vol. phun,kénh néng voi b nung néng éign ap thés (he thfne _ thermoject) 1+ yéa t6 mung néng cé dign gp 15 V lam viges 2- Dau voi phun cube 3+ chi tiét thép. Hinh 110: Sd dé voi phun Dinatherm a~ Voi phun trong hinh cén’; b- Lép gam ; c-vach kim loai @- tién phong hinh cén. Uk din quan trang cla wot phan aie rang néng 18 ché rnige oi cba mt voi phun cd thé due diéu knién riéng bigt. DiBu dd luén luén cé {ch doi voi cdc cht tiét chinh xéc. Nuige idém duy nhdt 14 sy nung néng menh cle khudn & ving tiép xie voi voi phun, Nake Lei wSi ode voi phun dé phun theo diém dB duge m6 t2, mi. ching dinh voi phn duge cach nhigt voi khudn, sau diy c6 Logi voi phun Dinatherm (hinh 210 ) vi 2 triét 1) Kndc. Dinh vot phun digo 146n Két ve nhiét théng qua mt vach kim logi vdi khudn"lenh" chi cd phan con Jai cia voi pmun trong hinh oén 18 duige cach nhigt voi khuén nhd 1 1dp gm. Trong gém ny ‘cS 1 cugn day nung néng ma né sé aR cho vot phun ‘trong due néng 1én thing thdi gian ngén qua s¥ rung néng nhanh va ngudi nhanh, (nnd eg truyn rhigt vo Knwin ) thin vbi phun age nung néng chi ani phun hoe khi 6 dp lye audi theo tdi nhigt 4} chiy . Khi thdo'sin phém, migng phun sé duge aft ra ma knéng nhin thay phn con lal.Nouge dién cla vot phun hd 18 eS migne phun & mpi phuthe én (tri phucng an h. 107 ) Bu cin lat 1 ni va oS nguy od bt kéo thinh sgt. Wit vi tel phun tng dit nhn bing va Khéng bj kéo thinh sgt Kh nett ta 1am 16 ming phun cua voi phun age dua vio 1 mit nhgn 48 ngay ti du iva di phun ra theo khe ving trin. Iii nhgn 45 ¢ thé 14 1 mil kim hofo “L ndng aSt néng trong. Uu diém cla mii nay 14 nd din nhigt trye tidp vao ving migng phun va gid cho migng phun m3 . Théng qua 4 dd vi hinh dng cla mit nhen o6 thé tBu kaiéa auge od alt va trinh aye sy kébo soi ( hinh 109 ) . Neubi ta phan bigt gitia voi phun co mii nhon KehGng nung néng va duye nung néng. Trong ching loai voi phun cé mit nhgn khéng nung néng cin phn bigt 3 nguyén téc khde nhau vB logi vot phun: ~ Voi phun cé kim ding chdc chén theo huthg trye ~ Voi phun mii nhen nhigu 15 - Voi phun cd qua din nniét. Hinh 109 + Céc phuichg én mii nhon d véi phn khe hd vong tron A+B Miéng phun diém thing thuing © Migng phun atm phdng migng phun chi ding tne rét Lt D: Migng phan dtém chim : e8 ming phun ang @ phn ho’n thinh hit mhu khdng ¢6. . Er Migng phun vong trén nhd , 3 day ngin nala dige sy kéo sgt ving ‘tron migng phun hn nh khéng od. F: Ming phun diém nho . Khdng tgo nén cd migng phun G: Migng phun Profil ding cho dia , ving , bénh ring w.,. Hinn 108 : migng phun an nhigt voi 18n phing vA kim ang chde ohfn. Pat dign thi 2 cla edo vot phun vit kim ding o8 ainh hung trye cho hinh 108 + Khe hi hinn ving diye tao nén qua cic kim chuyén ang tiy ng trong chit ado léng . Wie di cde kim ty djnh tém trong cdc 18 cla migng phun théng qua ding chay, vén xudt nién nguy hiém 1A ching chan vao thanh voi phun, khi b§ phin chia din nd. Trong ede ti 1igu con ed ede voi phun din nhige nhiéu 15 voi mii mhon duge chat déo 1éng bao quanh cing dige gpi 1a“ voi phun nhgn nhidu 15°" va" vOL shun 06 mi nhon due ua th{ch hon " trén hinh 121 qa4 phuong an duge m3 ta. Hinh 111 ad + Voi phun dln nhigt nhidu 13 Wi mii nhon od chdt déo 1éng bao quann.Cae phucng én mii nhon & vi phan he he Yong, Voi pun dfn nhigt voi tién phong va kim ding 8 jh. ., ene Hinh 110 Voi phn dfin nbigt niéu 16 ‘véi 16 phun chéch knot mii. nhgr.RN a) Voi phun mii nhon nhiSu 18 vod mit nhgn bang thép téi b) ot phun mit nhon nhiéu 18 véi phung an voi phin kep chat |. ©) Phuong an voi phun kep chat vii tin phéng nit ngén giam nhigt qua vong dinh tén va tém dim ti tin phing. 4) Véi phun mii nhon nhiéu 18 ding cho phun trye tigp eda cde Khuda én gin. ‘Aung nong hg théng kénh néng: Cée phn th quan trong nht dé ring ning kérh néng dike cho & inn 116-121 . sy 4p dng né chi yéu 1a theo cng sudt nhigt yéu oBu va 64 quan hé khing gian . CSng suit nhigt 1én onde enén 1 Keng glen ms she cb thé dat auyo bang dan nung néng céng suat cao. Tt nhign 1A iba vin di hon khi ting mit dB cing suit. King of 9 dén dia a6 9 vudt hign nguy nidin bf qué nhigt cye.b6 knh ning ho§e cde phin ot ota 1. Do dé cdc phn ti kénh néng, trén cd 83 cde qui 1udt ky thudt Kha auie 0} Kkich thitte wiyt qud mic mit 3 cing sult theo Kd néng , Knog auce wut qud 20 w/em? . BiBu kdgn quan trong nhdt dBi wt 1 tudt tho chp nin aige cla-dan nung néng chirh 14 1 sy chuyén tigp nhigt +t vit Bi tung age mung ning . Nauti ch tgo dan mung néng can Iu ¥ dung sai 1dp ghép dé cd kha ning thay thd sing, Hinh 118 : Céc phan bit mung dé nung néng kénh néng (H.118-41.121)... a) Dan cong sudt cao,mit dS cdng sudt 10 - 130 w/em3 (H.118) Ax day han kim ki ; B vat 1igu-cdch nhigt: oxit maghé tinh khiét mit d} cao ; C- BB din nnigt ; D-vé dan ; E- thin ving xodn bing sf F Gach nhigt bing sgt thly tinh ; G Day oda bin nhigt cao >) Ban mung hinh éng, mit d} cng sudt dén 30 w/em? (H.119). ©) Than rang hinh Eng , int 5 céng sult khong @ w/en? (H.120) @) Ban xodn hinn éng (H.121). voi_phun: Oi piun kénh néng dige phn ra 3 loai: = Voi phun de nung gian tigp = Voi phun diye nung bén trong - Voi prun cuge mung bén ngodi + 9 ede voi pan nung gin tiép, nhigt 45 bit ode kéoh chia niya ate din 't6t cde ch tidp gtdp qua cdc vot phun din nhige. sy mung ning bi gidi han trén cdc kénh chia nhya. Dé nhigt 4} cua cde voi phun rigngBG chia riya hinh sao 3 vai pon | BS chia nha ch 8 chia nhya hinn Eng ding cho khuén 1én Bac cudng phun vad BG le chat deo 100g Hinh 117 Exh che where Hinh 115 thgp 4 voi phim ng syat cao 06 mgt 0 cng: suat Soe Soult 18RES RE Re eS LT RRS & Digt C6 thé thay dBi de gp vo nhau, thi ede phn phi hgp ola kénh chia nha clin phdt iyo ning ning cdch ly véi nha. Digu nay thutng di: Fa theo ting cp dan sang quanh kénh chia nhya 3 ving vol phun , nh m +4 d hinh 112 - hin it6: (ie rane ning gin tié wt phun o5 nhuge dim 14 vit 1 af thay dt nnd ca mhigt o§ d ving migog phun , vi dy d8 dién diy du dan hoge cd chb alte sch 38 thi cin 06 1 sy thay dBi én cla migt d§ cia kn chie Te, n6 sé bat bufe mhigt dj cla tung chia nha trong kéoh thay dit. SY thay dBt dng mong main niy cia Luong nnigt ob thd én tuthg xd 12 chat lugng sén phim. Sé tét hon, ndu nhiét a} cla voi phun od thé atu chinh alge khéng phy thuge vao kénh chia nhya. Diéu nay cd J vol phn chije nung néng trye tip . + Ovét phun dive nung néng bén trong thi aitng kinh va chifu dit ola dan nung auge xe dinh théng qua kich thie két cdu cla voi phun . kh quan tin dén mgt mgt 4 odng sult nnd ob tnd aie , 8 diy 65 thd aie ‘ye high duing iinh dan mung néng 1d . Mgt 5 cing suit auke huting dh theo bang Den nung (") | chigu dit (mm) | Mt 43 cong sudt (w/em2) van 30 35 - 3 7 23 : 3/8" 30 27 200 13 wa" 50, 20 200 13 Nung nong bé phan chia nhua BG phn chia nhya cla Kénh ning véi sy dt ning gién tigp voi phon, dug wrung néng bang dan ning vi ching cho phép difu chink nhige rigng bigt cae ving riéng cla voi phn . Céc dan nung dite bé tri theo mgt bén dec theo kénh chay . Khogng céch chon gin béng ang kinh den . Sy ldép dat theo chidu dit cin phis aie tdi ws. néa théng qua iden tre ala sy phdn chia nhiét d3 . Hinh 120-124 md tA 1 98 kha nang ‘1ép: Hinn 122-124 rede kha nding 14p dan nung néng @) Miéng.tén kep sé ngan nga sf kéo ra khdng chi j oda dan mung ( nguy hiém bi chay trut ),(H. 122), b) Ban nung hinh cén cé ren kep. (11.123) ©) Téng hyp cla (a) va (b) . Nhd céi bge md ra cé c&n trong o6 thé dé dang 161 dan ra bit cit tue no mi van oon sf tip wie ere tage vodBinh 120 an nung hinh éng xofn Hinn 121 gilt d2 ngan khot tat ra 'ngosi MM TLE LLY, Dan nurig phi hgp H.122 va H. 123 : mgt trén rim 126 GE tnd dan rong vj tri_cud thann_| in migt1 @ bidck kénh néng (dy 1a loai ed bén teen thi trutng ) (H.124), * Sv Bhin cach mgt bin cla BISuK Kish néng to diBu kdgn of vEn ren ef 2 mgt song song véi dan ning ~ Toc d§ cdt > Ung svatthd cde tinh téan d 0} thé af kin cdc bign phap ket cau trén quan aigm hig qui cha nd, nghia 1a 88 phn doin ve: = Céc tinh cht cba san phém =D} ben moi han = Chat lugng be mit ~ Cac hut hai vet chat ~ Hao phi vat .1igu va my = Ving gia cing thujn 1gi Bie tranhdién dy va la. nic tram atin dy ding of xd djnh ain bign cba mgt true chay 3 ede treit digm kno rhau ola ey din dy Khuda va d mhing ving kde nha ola long Khuén. . Vigo tao nén a ain diy ting phlin trong Henin thing qua ode thé then phn diye phn edp bithg hg vt 1 bic tran iin diy ve 1) thuyét.cée ninh 130 - 132 cho théy 1 sy a1 chigu ti bic trenh din dy 1y thyét va af ain diy ting phin'tit cdo ngnién ety thu 08 ” ge o8 aye hinh anh ain diy trong kit wniét ¥é chi tit bogs thiét vd vindn 1A rat ua vigt vi pang cdch 48 ngubi ta thdy trite duge cae adng hin , ode ding.dda kik vao ‘true Hi ohd tao ama. Nevit ta con thit xem: = qua vige thay déi vi tri,’ ching logi va 66 1uyhg migng pron ua vige thay oi v} tri cha ode phn gly Khe hoe ce chiGe dy than x ring bigt : qua vige 2am eée phin ghip 63 chéy hoje dm nfi-chdy 58 et thign axe qué trinh dién day Khon, fon nila, vige to ra céc bic tranh din diy sf tgo digu kin thugn 1¢f cho vige a ang ode chung trim tinh ton vi dy niet cée tinh toén vB & aye, mgt 4 trong pha ain dy. Cc tinn todn chin xde bi ndt ey phn tlch 06 thé nghi dén aie ola sin phn hoge 1ong Khun trong ede inn hee cd ban tfni toén die ma ching 6 thé ob diye trén ed 9 cla ninh anh, dién dy. Hinh 132 sy so sinh gia sy ain diy ting min va hin ann dién diy 1y thuyét. Hinh 130 i8¥ din dy ting phn cba mgt hgp nnd Hinn 131. ¢ Binh anh dién diy cla mgt hop nhd Ba c6 dike 1 bile tranh dién d3y c&n xuat phat tf 1 sy mo in phan — Wt sy tréi phing va. Dé trai phéng cn thye hign S nawén cGng hinh nec sau diy: - c&t 1 mat Sng doe theo 1.canh ola vat thé Goay 1 mat phing quan 1 tryc cing ola vat thé -MRE SET eSag / Hinh 130 ‘Ning bude dién diy mt chi tiét dang hp | Hinn 131, ! Buc tranh dién diy mt = chi tiét dang hép. Hinn 13200 So sdnh gitla sy dign diy ting phn va bile tranh din aly 11 thiyée.ee = Sy dubi cba mat cong ( aft trong mat phing +8 ei2v) Sie cay noel vi rng ey Oo aide hia san diy aie tot sy trién Meat Oe EY Uy cin tnt cho xdt oda bie trom cite diy: Go ence ied ning nn phin ensa sin pn xe rang pi mA cing cad of ng wnat ersén ae (Aung cht doo theo-t eanh ele sin in) sas a sf nb ta difn ra thing qua ca W higu cba cfs ang Men 18S cnung (cic carn eft) noe ode diém 14én Két chung, (inn 199 ) Him 133. + Céo vi dy What trign see a bape 2 ne lin ne vat pt mB. trén 0 o6 86 1 Pole 1 = stgng pian nage trén 0 asze none aft 08 08 ane onky GAS TE: ae ge wring trye tigp ae aa vio ving ain prin c@ quan be in Yas eign (vl ay mht cdo mip) thi 98 axe téch rot trong bb mst 68 BAY. cece até rls obo BE mfelnép) mh cxing cbn are mb th trong ole vies ‘erin phy clin phai aye dérh $6 FO rang- ype ini ning 8 trién What oe phn phate tp( hin 25° ) mat ign kh tgo ra cée miu bing et@y. Nawe 1e4) cht Iugng cla mgt ef Khas” Cen hg am vif of sv a2 co ns we wk rome AS tnd axe va qua 66 bike tranh ain dy aie SnAy To og sé it oha sme Hogar Potseulie thi at vit ofc Kim mya Kida tn ( 68 rnin chy (qua) wh HB thl you clu ap aye @ wat qua cn trd 18: tiie_tranh dién day: bP = 3290, 7 Hd 8 day: 2P- nh cau ap ye i 1 3S cho cde Minn ninja vit chia ring euSt cine 6 nine chi tiét pun tae té i HBO O= 15 = tho 6G ma nije true chy trong Kénh ninja chuyén dng 1én phia true L — quing aiing chay By H = ensu rong va chibu day oa 1 segment 1. © BG nhét cha chét 1éng- Vi end 06 nt tre chdy 12 dx Yao sit cho riin cho phép cot ring: = Wot you 15 8 Yodo ndi dpe theo mgt true chy du ping rhe. © Diéu dd wpe ang eho dén itis nb chiém axe toin bi} ons vi cla xét ea tn. Se ey nine hau, bang dp ye axe ome tf ag ot wEL Bt ae chay. = 09 nt dge theo toin b} gt true ch3y 14 bing nhau. NS cing gidng war ening bop mage 6 bing nha 3 mit tre créy-va eng 06 1 oF mee pigt 1dn ndo vé ming pun dB cho 4} nhSt cau true then cn, nghia 18a ar TENE na eines deena aeeeerins nghia 1a HI/H245 . newt ta oén ching minh ring alt Sy t1én 1én cla mat tre © HLH saa me enw con vi tit exam ing pik ngp wt ef 39 ela ob op day 4 cdc diém khdo sat’ Ce ah ahtip cho din ray ty ring ay sie dion te trenh atta diy trong mi trutng hgp, ca Mit chat ning chdy 18 ola nhihg vit: 1igu née IN (iat. a ic ting nha ws tye 3, nga 1a age enue aay 3 apt mri Bes shan. Hn nay ob ode phutng pnip df kalo ait 24 eis onary tinh gid aim nh CAD MOULD , hoge MOLDFLOW 1 Gach _tién hanh thyc té vige tao ra bub tranh diin di Ve cdc mit trite chay: k ® Bey Seng trin, Dating bao cla cde sing phn ei mit ny chin 18 ng ttle song mit ( tiép theo). Mit trite chdy Mn 06 tit ating bao cla cée séng grin sl mit mi ching pad tridn nim tin th ting aim ole mie tate 4149: cu tric mat true chéy wii nhigu tia din. Cac diém P mi d 45 cde tia din ta vio, tao nén nhing diém cla mit true chay"eli * , nhiing atém salt pnt cla séng phin tk mdi, mA ching sé din cByvring béng ti" phia sau ving aly. tinh 198 - qt, "Gln aiog shi up ela tn endn hoge al wing diy thd ob thd cd nude a au mi true end o nhigu tia dn dé cho ede ding phia Sau e6 thé vét dt aie hodn toin.(Hinh 143),Cac ©} chiéu ths aim ajo bigt cha phuitng phép bic trann @ién diy 18 3 end," cing cd tnd bidt digo gud trian itn diy singphln ini dB diy (ney cnibu cae cndy 1A Khde nhaa. Dibu dd ding voi’ khoang t 7 ek H const nia db nit aén ing af tidy aidn ola mit tre chy 1 va chiéu cao chéy #6 3 ode ving knée rhau a 1ang Khun hoc cha sin phim un Iuén 181 + sO khéng d61 d cling 1 Khoang théi gien. t quan nf nay aux thy 1 Kid pam 3 tim ola 4 tn 05 ehiba ely thinn ning 46: vA phun 1 tém kde 6 chia diy thinh gp 484 4 nt mis, Hinh 144: din bién mgt trite chdy 9 cde chigu day thanh Khas. Hinn 140 : Két cau tang , bude.1 Hinh 142 : Két cau tang , bic 2 vét ofa tang ae ol Ong nit 12 1 bt ca HB try af tlm kidn bie tren ain diy ens 3 ning ving bt sidt hen cha civ ew bs Ts can phat biéu din mat true chiy. Sy chdy qua tit ving 06 chiéu diy 1dn caning sib oy m8 ae tn in re ao nO i aigm o& biét cba mat trude ch3y " mdi". Phuong Phuong phap nay 1a 1 sf gan ding cha cfu tric diém tm ma sau nay sé noi 16 hon «a or ché gy san phim vd cdc séng phin* Dung mit true chdy & phid sau cua Migng phun phim Ving khéng trye tigp dat toe ES) aw NO | ESS (4 | I | -— . | | feng phun | : poe LETTE Dung mt trude chy phid sau thanh chén Minn 198Dyhg tiép tuyén,bude 1 long + ae @ '® > ow rhrene Dyng mat trote chay pha san ché gay enit mht ae 1 “Dytig mgt true chéy phid. sau chd gay trén i : Dung tiép tuyén, bude 2 Per EP eer ttt Hinh 141 t Hinh 142 Dung mit. trude chay V2i nhieu inn 144 : tia dan Hin 143 Dung tiép tuyén, Hy, > Hy ving II Vung IT1 Gidi_thigu chung: Chie nang cba hg théng dy 14 1dy sin phan ra sau kai khudn mi. Hinh 1 14 mt vi dy cla hé thong diy théng thutng. Pay 1 ng théng dy théng dng unt mi trong a5 phi. tulin theo 1 36 qui dinh. ~ Khodng day:( Ioy higu 1a A trong hinh 146) Moang day phdi én hon 5 dri 10 mi so vd ctiiZu cao cla sin phiéa duige lay ra tit khudn sau, nhu minh hea d hinh 147 oui y: KnGng nn 1am khodng diy qué dit . chdt diy 51 knit née nbd va nu Khoang day qué d3i, ching sé 1am yéu hg thong’ day. . Be Sau khi sin phiim-aige day ra, hj thing day phéd trd’ v8 vj tri ban du G2 cde chit day laéng lim hing cdo Ling Yuta ola kmén true kh dng knuin «Vi thé odin mt chdt hoi iy higu "B" hinh 146, CnSt dy va cht hSi, due dit cing nhau nit 3 hinh 148, cha y: Khing dit vit 06 diu vo phia nauge lat. Diu dé 1am cho vie 14p rap rat khd khan . 25 diy cba t&m diy cing rét quan trong. ‘in diy phdt chuyén tat od do Ie dy va néu td day qui ming thi nd sf bj van cong vA lye day knSng du trén ton b§ v8 sgt oda sin phim. BS dy dla vao bE mit san phdm af tinh nén 1dy nh sau: BE mt san pham DG day tam day Som2 12 mm 10cm? 15 om 25em2 20 om 50cm? 30 m 100em2" 50 mm c. Prin dinh ola chdt ay v8 1y thuyét chi dm ngang mie so wi Long khan nhung trong thye té, cd thé 1 trén hoe audi 0,05 - 0,1 . Nha thiét Ké Moun phdi xem xét digu ndy voi nha thiét K€ sén phim. CO thé cho php 1 ché 164 hay 16m nhd trén sén phan, ‘ (Hinh 150) B- Kich thude cla cht day ciing quan trong. Kich thude eda chét day phy ‘huge vio ielen thue cla sin ohm, nhing dé cné tao Kinin oS agéng tninh ©6 atitng kkinh nhé non 3 mm, trit phi ai8u dé lin thiét cho cho hinn dang ela san phan.-88- ion 161 onl ra ving 16 ra dh 18n thé no kat ding ode chdt ey 1dn hon. pads x2 vg ting dy pads cn bo 28 krng i ys ain es VE © eta ein phim va tel ola ode cht MBA, Wedng tréng clin tise as tin 6B ting rang mi 06 thé Lim cho tlm d3 bi ven cone. od tin onde tam vingn sax, 08 niu céch, na thn vio nhing Woe. de em ninh 153, "heh vide 1a ding 1-451 de va be di phn thép o en hd nbdt clin tit. ( xem hinh. 154) | rag une té, vige thin vio enSt o3 thing tne ding non. (rinn 75) sf — yon Win ding of ein mie 150,000 ain pin tr 16m hole tins on x de win onion trinh dy rie dat hoje cin nving ot cy dt rhb, vo ob mhdhg chide din Tatng trong hg théng dy news trong hin 249- pibu niy ing giip lim chée tén 23. cee a cde onde dy vio ding vj tei,cin phis ob etén tie vine ving dé oa cbs tayo tre ob thd xy ra, 06 thd 18 3 erin ang gin, hos vin VA re iehe vide, ojo bige 14 oS riya beo quarh phin thip. matin ave Men sepa co Ips cha nia giy ang mile, vat vi oy as diy ont ra not rin age oid dy. Not chung, tang oft chbt dy 2 onB ob the nay ne HVE SE Hinh 156 via va i sin phim dS, dly. Nya co igi d ding ti cde then "= trong qué trinh Lan'igrh va & dy 4 cht day 18 ab Ninh 157 dda ra logi sin phim hoi kno dy mt ent . ud trins co 1¢ sim cue edn phdm ainn quarh 261 vi cin rhiéa cndt dy bon, de igt as ca tee ant ra cée van o& ny sinh quanh cht trang tin. Cae ont dy veer ving tn 2a cin thiét, $8 eSt hon nu dng nanis ent diy ob en. ae ding d vj tri trung tm. Men 399 aia ra logs sin phim mi, trong d6 06 thé xiy ra ede vin db tse cdc dudng gan Hinh 160 nia va ting hop tinthe xy ra trye tre trong qué trinh dy. 8 vnc phyc clin phas thém mhiéu Gi ay. 2 Hg thing day: fe Cac chét day tron nay 1a vada ody thing thing nade, NL chung, nd rat acm gin of ave vee ‘trong Khuon. Nhiing 16 trén’va chdt tron rét 48 gia oéng. (Hin 161) cade nge ai riding 18 trin ob gia cng, rtung of ga cing ae nhihe 28 Seen ata chish xe thi vin rat tn kan. Diéu a aft ¥ nn doa rine of Ne onde oly. than Yido hinh 170, chiBu dis ols 15 2a 8 aing kinh P nn ay nhy sau: Si voi nhiing 16 nhigt luyén triic Khi gia cong L Si voi nhing 16 da nhigt luygn L lén rndt L-= 2G mm, ho rhat L = 6 mm exD 3xDHinh 147 Hann trinh dy phat 1dn hon chia cao sén phan 5 - 10 mmHinh 150 chdt déy-cang 1dn thi ving 16 ra cang 16n Hinh 152em ae SEAL em ROSNER TE PRT ANION EIA ST | kndt_dB 06 15 3 gidia Hinh 153 »Hinh 154 Hinh 155 thém vao cdc chét ddcde chét day bd tri quanh ving tan cua san phim “Hiinh 158 Hinh 159 chdt day phai ném gitla cde dutng gin Hinr 160. img cdc ludi daya 6 RRR ARREST SSO ei PRY RNY SN eT AT SORT -93- \ige dim blo age ay ah ctuyén rhe ming aida 15 ehdt aly vi 18 doa af trim tan néng chit dy wi cho dB ldo, cing rat quan trong.(xem hinh Ghd ¥: BSL vat ning loat Khun oa ti ma vét 148u phun vao khudn 1A Polyacetal , Polyamide hoje Polycarbonate , céc 15 phat diye dé lung a ‘trude khi nhiét luygn, dé sau nay con mai. Be Lut dy: (High 172) ait dy teo ra duje nniéu bE mat ay hon 2 che dy inn tron rid i vot nhing tidt din ming. C6 digu bat 1g 12 ning 18 ay hinh chit nhgt rat khd 1am vA clin ait ching ti ede migng ghép én ding phn khuin. Hinh 173, chi y: _ Vigo mat nhiing 13 diy 14 48 tgo nén mgt b8 mgt rat. pring cho cde 18 dy di qua . Céc 1uBi dy cling yéu hon céé cht day trin. Nhung cd thé ae tang cing ving rh trong hinh 174 (eé thé;eud mhing new cung cp thin khuén) mua, Age C- Gée éng day: Hinh 179 Cée ng diy rét thug 191 cho qué trinh day quanh és chdt 154, xem hinh Kni ding hg thing diy nay, a6e thodt 0 thé gid ming din 0,5 45,48 tranh céc vét chim d3 lai trén bS mit phia trén, > D- Thanh day: Hinh 168 7 ‘Thanh diy thuting aie ding cho céc sén phim 1dn.. 08 ‘thanh dy khéog Lam - hong 164. trong khi dy va 1ui v8, thanh day phai dit céch b3 mit thing ing ola kina it nn 0,6 am . Ging vi 1¥ do a8 mi thann, dy phdt auto nung dec theo khoang day. Hinh 175. chi ra tng dung khdc cua thanh day. BOL VOL kiéu nay, cfn od aud trinh diy kép dé diy sin phém ra hoin chinh. thanh day thutng dige gin vio thanh ni bing edo vit chim (xem hinh 168 ). Nhung néu san phan Pao én b8 mgt dinh ola thann diy thi sé at ayng odo dp ghép o ninn176,177 HG ‘thong ny khéng tgo ra sf din huting t6t dén khodng dy, nhung van o6 thé ding auyc Khi then déy nd xa b8 mgt théng ding ola 151 kuin, Hinn 177 chi ra sy dfn tutng din khoéng dy tdt hen. Nae diém cla hg thing niy 1a cde chét duge ding niiBu kn qua yéu va phit dae gin vio hf théng 1 cdch chinh xde. ( hinh 178) So véi 2 h§ thing nu trén, thing thing dhinn ”o6. 18 1a tée nndt ‘rong nf thing nly, than néi ngoai vige din huthg chin xdo qua khoén a day bing 1 bac +i cing, phén cudi cla thanh ndi cén kéo dai v8 phia thanh Gi to nn st cot vy atom ade. Chi y: Bac din huting trong hinh 177, 178 phdi cé dung-sai 1én hen chée hoe bac ti 0,02 dén ‘0,04 a8 trénn op sit mann giila chdt va bec khi Khun néng 1én trong qué trinh phun khudn. E- Tam thio: (Hinh 169) ‘Tam théo 1a mt trong ede hf thing diy tév nhac. Tréng ending hgp nayHinh i 61 ~94- SSNs) LL i] KN { Hinh 163 “Winn 165 sthsome, TS ALARA MESA aR RE Ls OE, ER ~95- van day hinh céc inn 167 Hinh 168 thanh day ding cho san phani 1én-96- 1B dp ondt ey dive cin vi chuyén tidp eile ofc bac ° 16 1ap chot day doa rong Hinh 171 oy phe Hina 173 aesthann day phdi hop vdi chdt dy tao thanh sy day kép ap thanh KL IN a vac cho raj san pham phi len tip ah thon Hinh 176 7 : / thanh day, ~S S thanh_ndi va SS i A i Hinh 178ae =99- i ie ths eh tin ring 184 ts cing sc quan egg, F> Cée van diy: Hinh 165, 167: a= Kiéu chd cdt sau dang cGn nguye (Hinh 181) wa hate tina ana nd rons 5 nang rn ving thn ag. cng ny Gi cho ohit ay tp niin um vi trong nhiba tring hop 2a ugg nha ich en, na cing S90 én tm vit 1G an tin am i onde ei ‘trong nhya trong qué trinh diy. © BG phan kéo cung phun 05 rénh vang (iin 182) ac dat ngam bi aay bing 1 chée aay, miGng oun od thd chi bj kéo sit phia . cidi pnde 18 nén 1 chdn ngugi su cing kde snye auge én a dy nhung khong théng dung)Hinh 179 Hinh 183CA phucng an kéo cudng phun va aly kénh nha = INSTea dp cua chét day é cdc miéng phun ngam 1a rat quan trong Hinh ‘185 1 thong kénh ninig én PhAL 06 nhieu chdt dy ‘6 cde migng phun nglm cin ding 2 chdt dy dé tranh sy day 1éch Hirh 187mene ai Sua Le cde chi tide edu chad kde ( xem H.191,192) . Hhi thanh bén méng bi ket lai gitia phan thép adi dign vot ede migng ghép kuin san thi ofn of kids GB atGu chin va ng tang ny rat 05 fon cho ahing non ve 5 H@ théng day cho trinh ‘rong mit 6 tring hyp, sau qui trinh ay, ede chét hoi v8 cé thd ngan cén sy rot ty do cua san phém oda khuén, ‘née 18 srong tig hep sdn phn hint hp vi 1 do hin dave mi Pei abt og shia trong, ta paid od 154 wadn vi nf ohne ak yao phn khugn c& dinh (xem hinh 199 ) 18u Lam khudn niy idng théng dung vi 2 1y dosi phim! ty_ dng Fann 129 N\ HG. tadne dy niAT SEE TS pee usta Sea PMT NOT -105- HG théng dy kép, don gian J Np < an Wl, day ‘Trude khi giat gen ‘tt nna VSS re a. IS SE DSSS {ae Ki giai dgan thit hai AIGIKEK SIS Pepe SSAA Wid WZ) es Ft Wo] SyA108 HE thane day ker — ee ey tnt nat 1d xo _nén inh 193SST A ROMER SAL SR RR TC REIN, NTR ORS -107: cuOr DAY CO GIA nic Hanh trinh téng, bao gom ca hanh trinh co gia te . NH ee hinh erin cud | day chet. crdr pay suye era Te 8 cuSt cuA Hina TRING cute ZANE SYNE NANYP TTS cK z 4 vie PILL AE Yi ‘im ig oA ae Yo he108 ‘Tm _khuén seu HE THOns Day. KEP Dons cer pay o_o san pham Khoi da 25 tin_eil Bai dc chin } a ad I : Tem day | ‘ale thei i = . 1 3 _, Thin I [Pep Ghot_dinh Vii = “ = cndt tam quay ‘Tém_day = eee tl Lé xo_nén ‘Tm kep ca_| \ : ;ReuA khugn vao hg thong ddy cua may Hinh 195: NSi hg théng day ‘Tam-di_dgng mone ae os pe anfne pil Trye San pham c6 hé thong gitt cua ma aN A Y “A inh 196 Hinh 197 3 pha day san pham cd ng théng gid Hinh 198ca ARTE SR -1l1- DAT HE TaCNG AY G PHN KHUON CO Dy 7h = ‘Tam kep_trude {__Tam _kep_trude Chdt day vé a SNS BS ? dl « Hinh 199 Nén dit kénh 12% gud. gn b8 mt kniShH1Le- ( piBu ndy sé noi dén sau trong chudng 6 vé gia cong khuén knéne © cuéng phon ) - Tat 2, a phat cha 7 én vige kéo ne thing Aly. | c} thé ding dén thiét vi kéo nhin xa hoge ding xich. 4 thing day nay co thé ty diy knién nh = ne wag ay bisn ening véi cde cbt dy vE sauce try dinh huins va try 7 Hg _théng day dae bigt : oi wii ning ofr pin axe tidt x8 ob he ting eA ring minh, ta of thé igi ang tinh din NBi cha nia dé diy sin pin. Qua trinn day sé 18 3 pha ( xem hinh 198) a) Pha, vig thann ey dy ng thing diy, cht gia chuyén ding cing vt ng thing dly do stic nén ca 18 x0. : onan m Go Gooesh as thiné ding 2es- 1 Gidi_thigu chung: Pee cade ange 6 youth vi 6 cat pian 1bn mgt nein, cn eis bade age ng ting lim nest onB no vi ding ne tng 2a NEN" nao. Diéu wy vdt quan trqre vi tye 16 3 2 glen 2in revit chien 50 > 60 % toan 1b that glen cba cha ij pun Kwon « Do 45 1am cho qué trinn 1am lenh ob vga qud 1dt quan trong of Lan gin whit sian olin cf ch 9 rds exbu kndén nrsGt 6 ann dB ob ding sive én chy vio weirs | ve ‘eran Lam ngudi qué nharh, ve 1) tmuyét tt nhét 12 gill nhigt a} knobn cao 3 cudi dong chay Sd dada yodn tSe nnagt d} trong Minn,cln 2a ¥ sing dim sas: A weahg nérh Lim ngift palit cng gan BS mit Yann cing wt, en MIR § din 0B ven od he cba vat LAGu YEN. (xem hinn 200) B cée kénh Lam ngvji phai oft gan nhau,cing cing phai chi ¥ dén dB bén od hee cue khuén « ce padng kinh cba kEnk an ngedi phis 16n hen 6 mm va. gid nguyén nh vay C7 a ede op ehdy ota ent 1éng dong lin nav Hee nha do aug inn selec ey are tiee raatAICTE PARSE BT RT D- Nén chia hé kénh lam ngudi mhigt 48 s8 1A qui cao ad Lim 1 ‘anh cd higu qua. E> Bic bigt cha y adn vig nay ncn tite tip dy nos | nie ong a tre a ae 6 higu v4 heh kigu hin 202. Gd fi: Vige 1am naudi qua nt Zam ngudi trong cht yéu cise auing “cho Hinh 212 ua rat sang 1,re Hinn 204SERRE A RCI RATER AP" TEED B aM 115- Lam nguéinhigu hon 3 chd thanh day: Lam ngugi nhing chd 181-117- Hinh 214qva ra kiéu lath ngugi auye cd tién 1 chit mi ft nhdt mdi sdn phim duge Lam ngufi 3 mat. Hinh 215 dia ra kigu lam ngugi tdt hon, 6 dy vige ldm ngudi cé higu qua hon d ung quanh cde 1éng khuin. Hinh 216 gidi thigu kuin 4 1éng khuined phn Lim ngudi tée, nung 9 day Koh 2m lari rift dit va nén chia ra Lim 2.hg thong riéng. Néu cdc kénh ct nhau qua nhit trong hinh 21603n 6 mit day 43 hutng ding chat long dang @itje Lam nguji di theo hutng khdc.(Hinh 217). Hinn 221 cling dua ra miu lam ngufi ktmGn 4 long khudn mA trong ad ding ludi déng d8 tach ding chdy trong kénh 1am ngudi cd duing kinh ich nos : Ghai ¥: Néu ed thé ciing nén lam 2 Kénh ngudi rigng. Néu minh ghép hinh tron thi lua y 1am nguSi sung quanh minh ghép. ‘Trong nhiéu truthg hgp, cdc kénh 1am nguji duge khoan trén my khoon ‘thing thutng, hung véi hing kénh Lam ngujii qué di thi thuting khdng thang. Luu Fring cde kénh 1am ngudi duge thiét ké céch nhau ft nhdt 3 mm Vol nhiing kénh d&i hon 150 mm, thi khoang céch an toin gitia ode kénh 1a Sam : ‘Trong' tring hgp nh 1am ngugii nln qua gin chdt din tuting, Kénh 6 cha y: C6 thé khde phyo bang céch ding nhihg 18 chdt din huting 1dn va od gin phia ngo&i khugn . 4 Lam ngudi_16i: Bi kun thuding b{ bao pial bét 1ép nhya ning va vige truyn mhiét edi phn knée ca khuén 1a cd 1 vn a8. BS lun die difu nay, cdch don gidn not 1 Lam 164 bang vat 11gu e6 a dn nnigt cao nint ding hoge ding berilitm, Nnuge diém 14 d} bén thap. Sy trun nhigt d ving 164 xem H.224, MBt phucng phap tdt hen 1a dit cdc k@nh 1ém ngudi trong 154. Ua diém olla phuong phép nay 12.nhigt @§ od thé aid kiién ake bing sy tang aidan higt dB cla ding chit 1éng Lim dang 1ém ngufii chdy qua cdc kénh . Dudi day 18 1 s8 h§ théng pnd bined trong hg thing 1am ngugi 11. Hinh 225 dua rai vi dy den gian trong dé 1u8i ding dang chia kénh Lém ngugi ra 2 phan bang nhau. Tuy nhién,néu cd qué nhiSu 15 1am ngudi trong Lpang, thi vige 1am ngugi trd nén kém higu-qua’vi ding cht 1éng dang 2am ngudi tro nén’ qua niéng d5i voi kénh d phia xa. Hinn 227 aud ra h§ théng 1am ngupi 3 13m ning 1 38 phn trong 16 ma vige lam ngu$i cach qué xa phan san phim. Hinh 226 chi ra qué trinh 1am ngu$i trong 161 nigu qud’ndh trong hinh227 hung clin dic bigt chi j dén ch3 ndi gitia cde kénh lam ngudi.th mde. ehGng oS c&t sau aghia 1a mit chiin phi rét phdng lin vt 151. + 2-118- tt I tt ti v Lim ngugi ung quanh cdc long 7 Kenuén Hinh 215, Hinh 214 Lam ngudi khuén 4 16g khuon Nat 48 di dong chat 1éngSRE ELPA POSE EL CRE TORE: ARLE SENT EEE lis. Kénh ngudii chay quanh cde miéng zhep tron inn 218 WBe cach khde a8 ai ding chdt 16g i Hinh 219 Nit chat kGnh ngudi khi nd edt 13 ain muting 14 ding sen cing ony trong kan oé dung kin in hanchay qua cac kénh khac nhat Pring phap huting 606 A a FinnNESBA MET TOS TEP INE BEES MNS Sethe, some RERUN Thi DoW Ee TIT -lai- ianHinh 227 Lain ngydi tot niuing can chi-y chong ro ri Phung phap 1a ngugi +6 7] y YZ Op CrKS j LeRa ATS TTR RENCE 123. ‘Tht 2, néu cd sy néu cd sy 14p ghép 1én phn dé thi phai cd 1 tam nhd d& t6i ti trudge, dit trude mit chan mém dé tranh lam hong 161. Hinh 226 dua ra 1 h§ théng 1am ngudi rat higu qua, nhung lai khé trénh knéi ro ri gitla 161 va tém day. Cin phai gén chat d8 trénh ro ri. Hinh 229 cho thay qua trinh 1am lenh tét nhung nha thiét ké phai lu y ring 15 m3 trong éng phi o6 cing tiét dign-ngang hod 1én hen 1 chit so vét vanh quant né dé dim bo cho vige Lam ngudi duge ding du. HB théng nay cd thé ding trong ca hai qué trinh lam nguji nhiéu dgt vA qua trinh 1ém ngudi song song nhu minh hoa @ hinh 230 va 231. | CA hai hé théng 1am ngugi song song va ting dgt déu o6 nhiing uu diém va nhuige diém . Qué trinh lam ngudi ting dgt od ua diém 1A trong qué trinh Lam ngudi hat dinh phi qua kénh,nhung nhue diém 1a chat long dang lam nguSi tang nhigt a} va nhut véy né khéng qua diye ode éng 1am ngusi. trong 1 hang. H8 théng song song lam ngudi duge dng du cde Sng 1am ngubi va khéng ¢6 dong chdy. Lach qua cde dng 1am ngui dan dén vige 1am ngupi khéng ding déu. CA hai trutng hgp déu khong cige 1am nui nhigu trong 1 hang. Hinh 232 dua ra 1 16i khudn nhd hode 1 ludi mong cn duge lam ngugi dic bigt. Bay 1a a ket hop gidia tinh dln nhigt tét va Kénh 1am ngugi. Hinh 233 gidi thigu h§ théng 1am ngugi rat tt (cling od thé ding load xoéy trén Sc kép) P Lim nmi chdt . Lam ngugi chdt con khd hon 1am ngugi 161 vi tht ra vige truyén nhigt én cdc phn khde cla khuén 14 rat knd. (Hinh 234). Hinh 235 gidi thigu hg théng 1am ngudi don gian nhat cla 2 kénh 1am gui dat gan chot. Hinh 236 dua ra h@ théng 1am ngugi diye cdi tién 1 chit nhung kénh 1am ngugi van qué xa nén khdng cé higu qua lém. Hinh 237 dua rang théng tét hon ma vige Lam ngudi trye tigp 1én chdt Hinh 298 gidi thidu hé-théng 1am ngudi trong chét, nhung chét sé bj yéu di. Hinn 239° aia ra phucng phép 1am ngugi bang cdch thém ding hoge chdt ding vio 48 tang cutng cho qué trinh truyén nhige « Chi $s Chée ding c6 thd thay bing 1 Sng din nhiét (xem H. 244° ) 6 Lam ngudi|téng kmuén? © (ninh 240), ) NOi chung, long khudn cd thd duge Lam ngugi tot vi od sif dan nhiét tot én, cde phin kde cla khusa’« ain 241 gigi -higu n@ théng Lam ngufi. Long khuén théng dung ma trong a 6 1-36 sBnh 1am ngudi due Khoan sung quanh Lang kuin. 2 midi chigu iéng inuin cron ma qué trinh 1am nau hong cen nao 46 edt Long Kuda, Nhung néd chung ida Lam ngudi n’yduige 1am ngudi dic biét Mt 161 nnd can Hinh 231 Lam ngugi di *i8p Hinh 232\ SSIHin 240 Cae kénh ngupi dé xung quanh léng khudn Thm vio 1 chdt ding a2 | tang cutng kha ning 1am ngudi Hinh 241en aS A POST n127 Sy Lam ngudt quanh 1 Lang khudn try Hinh 242 Nt phuong én te hon 1am Agagi Long kuin try NOt du cud Gng truyén nhige } : . petogé WY] Ahige at vdo kh nha SUMAN AN sinh 245-128- cing c6 thé chdp nhgn aie Finn 243gidi thigu kigu 1am nguji tot 61 véi Long Knuén tron. Kann in ngifs.ffrg viet tSt non Hem 2 newt oy Se ‘éng dfn nhs! Ong dan nhigt hay con god QA thanh truyén nhigt 12 thiét bj din nhiét rat t6t. (ninn 244 ) Us diém ola ng théng ny 12 ob thé cham tt awe riding phin ming ma céc Kénn Tam ngugi Kndng ‘he Lam auye (inh 245.) Mgt dln cla ng truyén mhigt vt mht nén dat vd trong mbt kénh 14m ngudi. 8 NOi_Kénn 1am ngudi va cdc oO: Ne ee 0 ita cic tin tun te 3 te an va cde migng ghép thuing 1a rét olin of trénn rb ri gia 2 prin. cde vong © phat chju due rhigt dj-ratic hoe di khodng 120° © voi 49 cling Khoang 1%. . Hinn 246 cho thy dé tranh ro rl, prin tye ofa éée ming ehép ph&i aie ‘ sam rat chirh xde 8 dim bdo sy in Khdp cla vong 0 king bf 16ng 160 sitia * cae phan. Hinh 247 cho thy bing céch néi cdc migng ghép dling céc vit chim thi vige gén ving 0 sé #é hon. Hinh 248 giéi thigu qué trinh 1am ngugi mung quanh cée ming shén AB ain vii oc vong 0 . B&t gi cla phutng phép nly 1a trong khi ghép vao, Ae ving 0 05 thé bf c&t. finn 249, 250 va 251 aa ra ning phutong &n tt hon dé tranh Lam hing ee vong 0. 9 Kiém tra si lam ngubi: bg kidm tra mhigt d kun, cfm kigm tra lugng chat 1éng én neu ye ng théng im ngufi. . 05 rhing ng théng Wan nga mi e6 thé én ting hobs idm tung cht 1éng, hung nhiing he thing nly pHAL diye nibt wot Hemén 06 9 phin kiém tra. Hinh 252 cho thy vj tr{ ding ola b§ phn kiém tra, nghia 1 nim git san pham va kénh 1&m ngugi- 10 NOS bo phn 1ém ngui_vao khusn: Vige néi éng Lim ngoji vio Kruén 14 rat quan trong: —Néo ce ng Lam ngupi ndt Weng tt thi od thé Yam on tre sy dy san | fprém ra, Hinh 253 cho thy phutng phap tot mht dé nd} b} phan 1am naupi vio khuén neha 18 ti mgt sau cba mly gia cong rive. Viée nay kha end va cde ThA thigt ké Khun phd chi ¥ rhing diém sau: ‘ax Coo diém ni khSng aixe nim trén céc thanh néi di dign cba may aia cing nhya. b- Gio ain nt b} phn 1am nevGs vio phln tne oa may gia cng rive 06 thé can tnd vige diéu knién. | Ce Che didn néi 09 phn Lim ngui vio aon ca Heuin eb thé gly ra kn iin cho tay rébst torng Kni edn phn chain dg. Hon nila, sé c6 ro riILID ——————77 BG phBn_kién u i —€: -131- tu cde Sng vie cde long khuén. & Nth digm néi 66 onfin 1am ngust vdo diy ofa tun o5 thé gy ra true trac. Cdc chi tiét due phun va cde kénh nhya cé thé roi xudng céc ong frong qui trinh ép phun ty ding va do véy tgo nin sy cht ang sén phim. 8 = Cae idm ndi khing age gin nhau qué; nd ém khé cho sy an khip (H.2e4 Hinh 255 cal ra ning 1 sy thay dit rnd trong b§ phn lam ngudi cing 06 thé tranh duge van dB a6. 3 ~ Néi cde ng 1am G1 vdo Khudn thuthg diye thye-hign bing ‘cde trye ong. C6 3 kiéu thutng ding: (Hinh 257, 258 va 259). Tivo rng théng thiting ma dng phdi gin wht etn cde vinh gn va age kep chat bang cdc du ndi rong. ( xem hinh 257). + 2- Kiéu ren 1a cach tt nhat dic bigt 1a wi nhigt d3 cao(hinh 259 ) 3- Hinh 258 dua ra kiéu sp vao nhanh. BO: vO of 3 kGu, ond thie i kin phi dim bdo 1a dng eta cde tye Han 6 Iloh thutic niet olla ode nh lim nga a trénh gud nhiBu oda ted cho dang chdy cia chat 1éng dang 1am nui. CA 9 Kady nét du rt ueing dim bdo néu ching $ ngodt ktudn. LOI MAT BEN Gidi_thiéu chung: hinh 261; Koma Khuon di dige thigt ké va dung phn khuin di c& djnh, thutng o6 * 89 pin cia sin prin tang théo ra age theo hiking md ola ktudn. Trong teste hop 05 cin din ode 184 mgt bén, Cie trethg hop thing thing ange a a 68 c&t san J phi nh 262 + San pham ed 18 4 thanh bén 264. + San phiin 06 rink trang tri, hoge 68 mit hoa vén,chan tré. + San phim cé hoa vin hoge duing gén tréa thanh ban, 2) San shéin e8 say xach mi ieking théo ri ( hinh 268 ) 2) San shim gp kinic ( hinh 263. )Mt jc&ch 1am che cde dau néi thanh xa nhau hon wiser Hinn 255 Hinh 256 Dau nd réng véi cde vanh gén =X ene Du ndi rong kiéu ren 20"! 25° inh 2608 Sala i DPS we eee SR re ATER -133- 4 4 4 ce § : g 2Be Boi vos cde sin shim cd cAt sa: hie a Hinh 265 . Sar. phim cé duing gan, hoa van phia trong b+ Hinh 267 . San pham ranh chit T bén trong. c+ Hinh 269 . San phim cd cdc khe xg quanh mgt trong cla thanh bén. + True khé dem ding 161 mat ban, ngudi thiét ké khuin phat chi y nhing diem sau: A) Chuyén dGng cha 11 mit bén phdi dang ké d2 gd sén pham ra duge nhe hang. Khoang x8 djch cla 161 bén phai idn hon chiéu s@u edt sau it nhdt 1 mm nie minh hos hinh 271. B) Khi 104 mit bén md hole ding phai cé cil chan d moi huting chuyén ding (inn «270 ) C) 18i bén c&n 1 h8 thing dln huting phi hop trong chuyén ding cla nd. ‘(xem hinh 287). D) Phai trénh,cée géc rhgn trén b3 mat chuyén ding cla 16i mit bén dé ‘erémh co matic vat 1igu. ( hinh 284). + E) Hf thdng 161 nit bén pha diye trang bj hf thing bi sp 18 ( ninn2es ) hoge hé thing 16 xo (hinh 327 ) dé 16i mgt bén khéng roi »wdng vi trong lung cha nd hoje trong Khi bao dufng va xt Y di chung. Fe Khing auye a2 cht dy cham vao 161 mit bén, nu khéng thi‘phai 06 + hg théng an ton 2 khéng lam hong 16i mit bén. G- Néu ding 1 khdi trung gin, dim bao ring 16i mat bén khéng trugt koi bé mit cha khdi tring gian nhv trong hinh. DIéu nay gay ra héng héc trong giai doan déng khuon.( Hinh 286). H -Phi dam bao san phim khéng dinh vao 1 161 mt bén nao, néu khéng thi phai dit 1 hg thong day phia sau cho an toan. I) NnA thiét ké phai cd ging thiét ké 10i mat bén cd thé chuyén dgng duke khi Khun mB, dB cé thé bdo tri dé dang khi sén xt. sy dfn ruting cla 161 bén: Diéu nay rat quan trong. Néu cdc dutng trugt mat bén khong tron tru ‘thi sin pham sé bj tée trong khi md Khudn. Hon nia , cn 1 lye 1dn hon dé ‘tac ding vao cdo chuyén dng va cing 1am cho 161 m&t bén mon rat nharh. Viée dfn huidng phai diye diéu knién trong cde hudng sau: ‘Aq Céc chuyén ding mit bén. DiBu nly dim bdo cho 161 mit bén luin quay trd lai vi tri ci. B- BOi vot 106i mt bén cao, trong trutng hop cd sy tde ding cila cht xdén hoge ding cam, thi bdt igi 1A 161 mie bén nghiéng ve ding trugt mit bén. Nhin ching tét ca cée chuyén dgng cla 161 mit bén phia ngoai du dige -djph hning theo thiét ké 106i mt bén inh chit T-( xem hinh2e9). —) ‘Tuy mhign 42 trénh qua nhiéu lye ép 1én 161 mgt bén thi aiéu quan trong