SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

General Physics1
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Title: Kinematics: Motion Along
a Straight Line
Science – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Kinematics: Motion Along a Straight Line
First Edition, 2020

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 12

General Physics1
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Kinematics: Motion Along a
Straight Line
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Physics 1 12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Kinematics: Motion Along A Straight Line!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
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In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

2
For the learner:

Welcome to the General Physics 1 12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Motion Along a Straight Line!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
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What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
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What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to

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 process what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

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developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

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We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
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4
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Kinematics: Motion Along a Straight Line. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to
follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module has one lesson, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Uniformly Accelerated Motion

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. convert a verbal description of a physical situation involving uniform
acceleration in one dimension into a mathematical description

5
 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Which of the following is acceleration?

a. 10 m/s b. 46 km/h c. 50 cm2/s2 d.64 km/h/min

2. Acceleration is negative if speed is

a. constant c. increasing
b. decreasing d. neither increasing nor decreasing

3. The distance in meters traveled by a particle is related to time (t) in

seconds by the equation of motion -S = 10 t +4 t2. What is the initial velocity
of the body?
a. 4 m/s b. 6 m/s c. 10 m/s d. 10 m/s2

4. The particle moves on the x-axis. When its acceleration is positive and
increasing:
a. its velocity must be positive
b. its velocity must be negative
c. it must be slowing down
d. it must be speeding up
e. none of the above must be true

5. Which of the following is correct when the distance of an object covered

is directly proportional to time?
a. constant acceleration c. uniform acceleration
b. constant speed d. zero velocity

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6. An object moving in the +x direction experiences an acceleration of +2.0
m/s2. This means the object
a. travels 2.0 m in every second.
b. is traveling at 2.0 m/s.
c. is decreasing its velocity by 2.0 m/s every second.
d. is increasing its velocity by 2.0 m/s every second.

7. A racing car accelerates uniformly from rest along a straight track. This
track has markers spaced at equal distances along it from the start, as
shown in the figure. The car reaches a speed of 140 km/h as it passes
marker 2. Where on the track was the car when it was traveling at half this
speed, that is at 70 km/h?

a. before marker 1
b. At marker 1
c. Between marker 1 and marker 2
d. at marker 2

8. From the equations of distance, the correct one is

a. Vf = Vi + 2as c. Vf2 = Vi2 + 2a
b. Vf2 = Vi2 + as d. Vf2 = Vi2 + 2as

9. Correct equation of distance is

a. Vi = Vf + at c. Vf = Vi + t
b. Vf = Vi + at d. Vf = Vi + a

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10. Jackson travels 2 km north, then 3 km east, and finally 2 km south.
Which statement is true?
a. Jackson’s displacement is 2 km west from his origin.
b. Jackson is now 3 km east from where he started.
c. Jackson’s displacement is 7 km.
d. None of the above.

11. You drive 6.0 km at 50 km/h and then another 6.0 km at 90 km/h.
Your average speed over the 12 km drive will be
a. greater than 70 km/h.
b. equal to 70 km/h.
c. less than 70 km/h.
d. exactly 38 km/h.

12. Which of the following situations is impossible?

a. An object has velocity directed east and acceleration directed west.
b. An object has velocity directed east and acceleration directed east.
c. An object has zero velocity but non-zero acceleration.
d. An object has constant non-zero acceleration and changing velocity.

13. If the acceleration of an object is zero, then that object cannot be

moving.
a. either true or false c. neither true nor false
b. False d. true

14. If the velocity of an object is zero, then that object cannot be

accelerating.
a. either true or false c. neither true nor false
b. False d. true

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15. An object moving in the +x direction experiences an acceleration of +5.0
m/s2. This means the object
a. travels 5.0 m in every second.
b. is traveling at 5.0 m/s.
c. is decreasing its velocity by 5.0 m/s every second.
d. is increasing its velocity by 5.0 m/s every second.

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 Lesson
Uniformly Accelerated
1 Motion
Before beginning a problem in kinematics, you must set up your coordinate
system. In one-dimensional kinematics, this is simply an x-axis and the direction of
the motion is usually the positive-x direction.

Though displacement, velocity, and acceleration are all vector quantities, in the

one-dimensional case they can all be treated as scalar quantities with positive or
negative values to indicate their direction. The positive and negative values of these
quantities are determined by the choice of how you align the coordinate system.

What’s In

Illustrate the equations that describe the physical quantities of motion:

distance, displacement, velocity and acceleration.

Notes to the Teacher

It is significant that learners had background on physical
quantities that describe motion distance, displacement, velocity
and acceleration.

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 What’s New

Downloaded from https://www.thoughtco.com/one-dimensional-kinematics-motion-straight-line-

2698879

Velocity in One-Dimensional Kinematics

Velocity represents the rate of change of displacement over a given amount of time.

The displacement in one-dimension is generally represented in regards to a starting

point of x1 and x2. The time that the object in question is at each point is denoted
as t1 and t2 (always assuming that t2 is later than t1, since time only proceeds one
way). The change in a quantity from one point to another is generally indicated with
the Greek letter delta, Δ, in the form of:

Using these notations, it is possible to determine the average velocity (vav) in the

following manner:

vav = (x2 - x1) / (t2 - t1) = Δx / Δt

If you apply a limit as Δt approaches 0, you obtain an instantaneous velocity at a

specific point in the path. Such a limit in calculus is the derivative of x with respect
to t, or dx/dt.

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Acceleration in One-Dimensional Kinematics

Acceleration represents the rate of change in velocity over time. Using the

terminology introduced earlier, we see that the average acceleration (aav) is:

aav = (v2 - v1) / (t2 - t1) = Δx / Δt

Again, we can apply a limit as Δt approaches 0 to obtain an instantaneous

acceleration at a specific point in the path. The calculus representation is the
derivative of v with respect to t, or dv/dt. Similarly, since v is the derivative of x,
the instantaneous acceleration is the second derivative of x with respect to t,
or d2x/dt2.

Constant Acceleration

In several cases, such as the Earth's gravitational field, the acceleration may be
constant - in other words the velocity changes at the same rate throughout the
motion.

Using our earlier work, set the time at 0 and the end time as t (picture starting a
stopwatch at 0 and ending it at the time of interest). The velocity at time 0 is v0 and
at time t is v, yielding the following two equations:

a = (v - v0)/(t - 0)

v = v0 + at

Applying the earlier equations for vav for x0 at time 0 and x at time t, and applying
some manipulations (which I will not prove here), we get:

x = x0 + v0t + 0.5at2

v2 = v02 + 2a (x - x0)

x - x0 = (v0 + v) t/2

The above equations of motion with constant acceleration can be used to

solve any kinematic problem involving motion of a particle in a straight line with
constant acceleration.

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 What is It

Motion with constant acceleration

When an object moves with constant acceleration, the velocity increases or

decreases at the same rate throughout the motion. The average acceleration equals
the instantaneous acceleration when the acceleration is constant. A negative
acceleration can indicate either of two conditions:

Case 1: The object has a decreasing velocity in the positive direction.

Case 2: The object has an increasing velocity in the negative direction.

For example, a ball tossed up will be under the influence of a negative (downward)
acceleration due to gravity. Its velocity will decrease while it travels upward (case
1); then, after reaching its highest point, the velocity will increase downward as the
object returns to earth (case 2).

Using v o (velocity at the beginning of time elapsed), v f (velocity at the end of the

time elapsed), and t for time, the constant acceleration is 

Substituting the average velocity as the arithmetic average of the original and final
velocities v avg = ( v o + v f )/2 into the relationship between distance and average
velocity d = ( v avg)( t) yields.

Substitute v f from Equation 1 into Equation 2 to obtain

Finally, substitute the value of t from Equation 1 into Equation 2 for

These four equations relate v o , v f , t, a, and d. Note that each equation has a
different set of four of these five quantities. Table summarizes the equations for
motion in a straight line under constant acceleration.

13
Downloaded from https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/physics/classical
mechanics/kinematics-in-one-dimension

A special case of constant acceleration occurs for an object under the influence of
gravity. If an object is thrown vertically upward or dropped, the acceleration due to
gravity of −9.8 m/s 2 is substituted in the above equations to find the relationships
among velocity, distance, and time.

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 What’s More

Three pairs of initial and final positions along an x-axis represent the location of
objects at two successive times:

1. -3 m, +5 m

2. -3 m, -7 m

3. 7 m, -3 m

a. Which pairs give a negative acceleration?

b. Calculate the value of displacement in each case using vector notation.

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 What I Have Learned

1. Average Velocity: vav = (x2 - x1) / (t2 - t1) = Δx / Δt

2. Average Acceleration aav = (v2 - v1) / (t2 - t1) = Δx / Δt

3. Constant Acceleration

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 What I Can Do

Describe the motion as you travel from you house to the school and from school to
your house.
What are the ways to avoid being late from the class or event due to traffic among
cars on the street?

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is acceleration?

a. 10 m/s b. 46 km/h c. 50 cm2/s2 d.64 km/h/min

2. Acceleration is negative if speed is

a. constant c. increasing
b. decreasing d. neither increasing nor decreasing

3. The distance in meters traveled by a particle is related to time (t) in

seconds by the equation of motion -S = 10 t +4 t2. What is the initial velocity
of the body?
a. 4 m/s b. 6 m/s c. 10 m/s d. 10 m/s2

4. The particle moves on the x-axis. When its acceleration is positive and
increasing:
a. its velocity must be positive
b. its velocity must be negative
c. it must be slowing down
d. it must be speeding up
e. none of the above must be true

17
5. Which of the following is correct when the distance of an object covered
is directly proportional to time?
a. constant acceleration c. uniform acceleration
b. constant speed d. zero velocity

6. An object moving in the +x direction experiences an acceleration of +2.0

m/s2. This means the object
a. travels 2.0 m in every second.
b. is traveling at 2.0 m/s.
c. is decreasing its velocity by 2.0 m/s every second.
d. is increasing its velocity by 2.0 m/s every second.

7. A racing car accelerates uniformly from rest along a straight track. This
track has markers spaced at equal distances along it from the start, as
shown in the figure. The car reaches a speed of 140 km/h as it passes
marker 2. Where on the track was the car when it was traveling at half this
speed, that is at 70 km/h?

a. before marker 1
b. At marker 1
c. Between marker 1 and marker 2
d. at marker 2

8. From the equations of distance, the correct one is

a. Vf = Vi + 2as c. Vf2 = Vi2 + 2a
b. Vf2 = Vi2 + as d. Vf2 = Vi2 + 2as

9. Correct equation of distance is

a. Vi = Vf + at c. Vf = Vi + t
b. Vf = Vi + at d. Vf = Vi + a

18
10. Jackson travels 2 km north, then 3 km east, and finally 2 km south.
Which statement is true?
a. Jackson’s displacement is 2 km west from his origin.
b. Jackson is now 3 km east from where he started.
c. Jackson’s displacement is 7 km.
d. None of the above.

11. You drive 6.0 km at 50 km/h and then another 6.0 km at 90 km/h.
Your average speed over the 12 km drive will be
a. greater than 70 km/h.
b. equal to 70 km/h.
c. less than 70 km/h.
d. exactly 38 km/h.

12. Which of the following situations is impossible?

a. An object has velocity directed east and acceleration directed west.
b. An object has velocity directed east and acceleration directed east.
c. An object has zero velocity but non-zero acceleration.
d. An object has constant non-zero acceleration and changing velocity.

13. If the acceleration of an object is zero, then that object cannot be

moving.
a. either true or false c. neither true nor false
b. False d. true

14. If the velocity of an object is zero, then that object cannot be

accelerating.
a. either true or false c. neither true nor false
b. False d. true

19
15. An object moving in the +x direction experiences an acceleration of +5.0
m/s2. This means the object
a. travels 5.0 m in every second.
b. is traveling at 5.0 m/s.
c. is decreasing its velocity by 5.0 m/s every second.
d. is increasing its velocity by 5.0 m/s every second.

20
 Additional Activities

Make 15 questions for a FACT and BLUFF game using the equations of
Uniformly Accelerated Motion.

21
 Answer Key

Assessment What's More What I Know

1. D a. third pair
2. B 1. D
3. C b. x = 8 2. B
4. A 3. C
x=4 4. A
5. B
6. D x = -10 5. B
7. B 6. D
8. D 7. B
9. B 8. D
10. B 9. B
11. B 10. B
12. A 11. B
13. B 12. A
14. D 13. B
15. D 14. D
15. D

22
References

Tabujara Jr., Geronimo D. K-12 Compliant Worktext for Senior High School
General Physics 1. Manila, Philippines: JFS Publishing Services

23
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